This chapter discusses several neo-Freudian theorists and their expansions on Freudian psychoanalysis. Alfred Adler focused on social interest and the striving for superiority. Erik Erikson described 8 stages of psychosocial development and the importance of establishing identity. Karen Horney discussed psychological health and neurosis as well as three interacting styles of relating to others. Carl Jung disagreed with Freud on aspects like the life force and focused more on spirituality and archetypes in the collective unconscious like the anima/animus and persona. Jung also described personality types of introversion/extroversion and ways of thinking like sensation and intuition.

1. Chapter 12Psychoanalysis After Freud: Neo-Freudians, Object Relations and Current Research

2. Alfred Adler Individual PsychologyFocused on Social Interest – desire to relate positively and productively1. Striving for superiority – motivating force of life Negative effect – Inferiority Complex2. Parental Influence – placed greater emphasis than Freud on role of parents in early personality development3. Birth Order – First to emphasize in the shaping of personality

3. Erik Erikson Ego PsychologyConcept of ego – Principle function is to establish and maintain identityIdentity – complex inner state that includes sense of individuality and uniqueness as well as sense of wholeness and continuity with past and futureEight Stages of Man:Trust vs. MistrustAutonomy vs. Self-doubtInitiative vs. GuiltIndustry vs. InferiorityIdentity vs. Role ConfusionIntimacy vs. IsolationGenerativity vs. StagnationIntegrity vs. Despair

4. Karen Horney Feminine PsychologyDescribed psychological health and neurosisThree general interacting styles:Moving toward peopleMoving against peopleMoving away from peopleElectra Complex

5. Carl Jung Analytical PsychologyDiffered from Freud in important ways: Disagreed about sex (libido) as life force Focused on interpersonal aspects Spiritual and mystical mattersJung believed in a connection to the inner rhythm of the universe : “synchronicity”Transcendental experiencesCollective Unconscious

6. Jung - Collective UnconsciousResult of the history of the human race – we as a species share memories and ideas – most are unconsciousThe fundamental images of the collective unconscious are archetypes

7. Jung - ArchetypesImages that are at the core of how we think about the world both consciously and unconsciouslySometimes disguised behind symbols, show up in dreams, thoughts, mythology – all over the world – repeatedly!

8. Jung - Archetype of the Anima and Animus Anima Animus Female MaleHeld in the Held in themind of the male mind of the female

9. Jung - PersonaSocial mask we wear in publicPersona is always a false self(Sociology and social psychology – similar)How we relate to objects and our belief about objectsDanger – may come to identify with persona too much and lose self

10. Jung - TypesJung was interested in determining individual differences in personalityTwo distinct attitudes: 1. Person who draws back (Introversion) 2. Person who goes forth (Extroversion)More than two types of people: Ways of Thinking:SensationIntuitionThinkingFeeling

11. Questions to ponder:Why might someone buy a vehicle like a Humvee? Is it possible the person may or may not know all the reasons they bought this vehicle? Describe an example of an advertisement that seem to target hidden motives for buying something.Are people who are your parents/grandparents age still growing and changing? How?Have you noticed the same character types showing up in films and books? Does Jung’s idea of the collective unconscious have anything to do with this?