Perception is defined as the process by which individuals select, organize, and interpret stimuli into a meaningful understanding of the world. There are several elements and dynamics of perception. Elements include sensation, absolute and differential thresholds, and subliminal perception. Dynamics of perception involve selection based on stimulus nature, expectations, and motives. Perception also involves organization through principles like figure/ground and grouping. Interpretation can be influenced by appearances, stereotypes, first impressions, jumping to conclusions, and halo effects.

1. Dr. Chandrakhanthan.J
School of Management
Sri Krishna College of Technology

2. Perception
• It is define as the process by which an individual selects,
organizes, and interprets stimuli into a meaningful and
coherent picture of the world.

3. Perception - elements

4. Perception - elements

5. Perception - elements
• Sensation
it is immediate and direct response of the sensory organs to
stimuli
• The absolute threshold
the lowest level at which an individual can experience a
sensation is called the absolute threshold.
The point at which a person can detect a difference
between something and nothing is that person’s absolute
threshold for that stimuli.

6. Perception - elements
• The differential threshold
The minimal difference that can be detected between
two similar stimuli is called the differential threshold or the
just noticeable difference (j.n.d)
• Subliminal perception
People can perceive stimuli without being consciously
aware that they are doing so.
Stimuli that are too weak or too brief to be consciously
seen or heard may nevertheless be strong enough to be
perceived by one or more receptor cells. This process is
called subliminal perception.

7. Perception - dynamics
• Perceptual Selection
• Perceptual Organization
• Perceptual Interpretation

8. Perception - dynamics
• Perceptual Selection
- Nature of the stimulus
- Expectations
- Motives – ignore irrelevant
to their needs
- Selective perception

9. Perception - dynamics
• Perceptual Organization
- people see everything as a whole
- three most basic principles are
- figure and ground - In Gestalt psychology it is known as
identifying a figure from the background.
- Grouping
- Closure

10. Perception - dynamics
• Perceptual Interpretation
- Physical Appearances
- Stereotypes
- First impression
- Jumping to Conclusions
- Halo Effect

11. Perception - dynamics
• Perceptual Interpretation
- Physical Appearances
- Stereotypes
- First impression
- Jumping to Conclusions
- Halo Effect

12. Perception - dynamics
• Perceptual Interpretation
- Physical Appearances
- Stereotypes
- First impression
- Jumping to Conclusions
- Halo Effect

13. Perception - dynamics
• Perceptual Interpretation
- Physical Appearances
- Stereotypes
- First impression
- Jumping to Conclusions
- Halo Effect

14. Perception - dynamics
• Perceptual Interpretation
- Physical Appearances
- Stereotypes
- First impression
- Jumping to Conclusions
- Halo Effect – evaluation of a single object or person on a
multitude of dimensions is based on the evaluation of just one or a
few dimensions. Ex; a man is trustworthy, fine and noble because he
looks you in the eye when he speaks