Pelvic diaphargm
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M SThe pelvic diaphragm is a gutter shaped muscular partition that separates the pelvic cavity from the perineum. It consists of two muscles on each side - the levator ani and coccygeus muscles. The levator ani muscle originates from the pubic bone and inserts into the perineal body and anococcygeal ligament. It functions to support the pelvic viscera and maintain continence of the bladder and rectum. Damage to the pelvic diaphragm muscles can result in pelvic organ prolapse.
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Perineum, ischioanal fossa, pudendal canal, urogenital diaphragm
The perineum is the region between the pubic symphysis and coccyx. It includes the external genitalia and anal canal. The perineum is divided into the urogenital triangle anteriorly, containing the vagina in females, and the anal triangle posteriorly, containing the anus. The pudendal canal runs through the ischioanal fossae, containing vessels and nerves, including the pudendal nerve which innervates the perineum. The urogenital diaphragm spans the urogenital triangle, containing sphincter muscles. Structures of the perineum are separated by fascial layers including the superficial and deep perineal fascia.
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The pelvic floor is formed by the pelvic diaphragm and the perineal membrane. The pelvic diaphragm consists of the levator ani and coccygeus muscles, which attach superiorly to the pelvic wall. The levator ani muscles originate from the pelvic wall and join together in the midline, forming a U-shaped defect anteriorly. The coccygeus muscles are triangular shaped and overlie the sacrum and coccyx. The perineal membrane is a thick fascia attached to the pubic arch, with a thin space above it called the deep perineal pouch containing muscles and vessels. The perineal body is a connective
pelvicfloormuscles-200611074734.pdf
The pelvic floor is made up of three main muscles - the levator ani, puborectalis, and coccygeus. The levator ani forms the main part of the pelvic diaphragm and separates the pelvis from the perineum below. It has three parts - puborectalis, pubococcygeus, and iliococcygeus. The coccygeus is located posterior to the levator ani. These muscles work to support the pelvic viscera, maintain continence, and allow functions like voiding, defecation, and childbirth. Injury to the pelvic floor muscles during childbirth can cause prolapse of the uterus.
Pelvic floor muscles
The pelvic floor is a dome-shaped muscular sheet that separates the pelvis from the perineal region below. It encloses the pelvic viscera including the bladder, intestines, and uterus. The main muscles of the pelvic floor are the levator ani and coccygeus. Their main functions are to support the pelvic organs, maintain continence of urine and feces, and allow functions like voiding, defecation, sexual activity, and childbirth. Injury to the pelvic floor muscles during childbirth can cause prolapse of pelvic organs.
Pelvic diaphragm ppt
The pelvic diaphragm is formed by the levator ani and coccygeus muscles on both sides. It separates the pelvis from the perineum. The levator ani has three parts: the pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus, and ischiococcygeus. The pubococcygeus has anterior, middle, and posterior fibers that surround structures like the prostate, vagina, and anus. The levator ani and coccygeus close the pelvic outlet and support pelvic organs. They also help maintain continence during actions like coughing and prevent prolapse. The muscles are innervated by sacral nerves and help with functions
Pelvic organ prolapse
The document provides an overview of pelvic floor anatomy and pelvic organ prolapse. It discusses the structures that support the pelvic organs, including the levator ani muscles, endopelvic fascia, and pelvic ligaments. Common types of pelvic organ prolapse are described such as cystocele, rectocele, and uterine prolapse. The document outlines how these defects are evaluated based on their location and stage. Treatment options are also summarized, including pelvic floor muscle exercises, pessaries, and various surgical repair techniques aimed at reconstructing the pelvic floor.
Lecture For Lady Health Visitors
The document provides information about the pelvis bone, pelvic floor muscles, and pelvic anatomy and physiology. It defines the pelvis and describes the four bones that make up the pelvis - the two innominate bones, the sacrum, and the coccyx. It details the joints of the pelvis and functions of the pelvic floor muscles. The document compares male and female pelvis anatomy and outlines the blood supply and nerve innervation of the pelvic region.
Pelvic Floor.pptx
**Ethical Considerations in Anatomy Practice:**
1. **Respect for Donors:**
- **Ethical Aspect:** Acknowledging the humanity of donors and their altruistic contribution.
- **Implications:** Fostering a culture of gratitude and reverence among practitioners and students toward those who donated their bodies for educational purposes.
2. **Cadaver Treatment:**
- **Ethical Aspect:** Ensuring humane and respectful treatment of cadavers during dissection and study.
- **Implications:** Establishing guidelines for proper handling, avoiding disrespectful behavior, and emphasizing the educational purpose without compromising dignity.
3. **Communication and Consent:**
- **Ethical Aspect:** Maintaining clear communication about the use of cadavers and obtaining explicit consent.
- **Implications:** Creating an environment that promotes openness and transparency, ensuring that donors and their families fully understand the educational and research aspects of body donation.
4. **Sensitive Content Handling:**
- **Ethical Aspect:** Approaching sensitive anatomical content with empathy and cultural sensitivity.
- **Implications:** Recognizing diverse perspectives on death and the human body, ensuring educational materials and practices are respectful of different cultural and religious beliefs.
5. **Educational Integrity:**
- **Ethical Aspect:** Ensuring that anatomical education is conducted with professionalism and academic integrity.
- **Implications:** Discouraging any behavior that goes beyond the scope of educational necessity, emphasizing the ethical responsibility of practitioners to uphold the integrity of their profession.
**Legal Considerations in Anatomy Practice:**
1. **Consent Laws:**
- **Legal Aspect:** Adhering to laws governing the consent process for body donation.
- **Implications:** Ensuring that consent procedures comply with legal requirements to avoid potential legal issues and protect the rights of donors.
2. **Occupational Health and Safety:**
- **Legal Aspect:** Complying with regulations to ensure the health and safety of those working with cadavers.
- **Implications:** Implementing measures such as proper storage, use of personal protective equipment, and disposal protocols to prevent occupational hazards and adhere to legal standards.
3. **Facility Accreditation:**
- **Legal Aspect:** Meeting accreditation standards set by relevant authorities for anatomy facilities.
- **Implications:** Ensuring that facilities adhere to legal requirements regarding infrastructure, sanitation, and overall conditions to maintain accreditation.
4. **Record-Keeping and Documentation:**
- **Legal Aspect:** Maintaining accurate records of donor information, consent, and cadaver use.
- **Implications:** Legal documentation helps in tracking the legal status of body donations, ensuring compliance with laws, and facilitating transparency in case of audits or legal inquirie
Anterior abdominal wall.pptx
The abdomen is the region between the thorax and pelvis bounded superiorly by the diaphragm and inferiorly by the pelvis. It contains most of the digestive organs and some reproductive organs. The abdominal walls consist of skin, superficial fascia, muscles, and peritoneum. The abdomen can be divided into quadrants or nine regions to describe organ locations. The inguinal canal transmits structures between the abdomen and lower limbs and is the site of inguinal hernias.
Contents of male and female perineal pouches copy
The document summarizes the contents of the male and female perineal pouches. It describes that the perineum is divided into two triangles by an imaginary transverse line joining the anterior ends of the ischial tuberosities. The superficial perineal pouch in males contains various muscles like the bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus, while in females it contains the root of the clitoris and greater vestibular glands. The deep perineal pouch lies between the perineal membrane and levator ani fascia and contains the urethra and external urethral sphincter in both sexes.
Cavum Abdomen _ Peritoneum .pptx
The document provides information about the digestive system, abdominal wall, and peritoneum. It discusses the learning objectives which are for students to understand embryology, anatomy, histology, physiology and biochemistry of the body. It then lists the specific objectives related to describing the embryology of the digestive system, landmarks of the abdominal wall, structures of the anterior and posterior abdominal wall, and the peritoneum. The document proceeds to describe the layers of the anterior abdominal wall including skin, fascia, muscles and peritoneum. It also discusses the inguinal canal and related structures.
3- Pelvis.pdf
The document provides information about pelvic anatomy including:
- The bony pelvis is composed of four bones connected by four joints and lined by four muscles, forming a basin-shaped structure.
- The pelvis is divided into the false pelvis above the brim and true pelvis below, which contains pelvic viscera.
- The pelvic diaphragm is an incomplete muscle sheet formed by the levator ani and coccygeus muscles that supports pelvic organs and divides the true pelvis into cavities.
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Pelvic diaphargm
- 2. • AN 48.1) DESCRIBE MUSCLES OF PELVIC DIAPHRAGM
- 5. WHITE LINE OF OBTURATOR FASCIA
- 11. Pelvic diaphragm • Gutter shaped muscular partition separates pelvic cavity from perineum
- 14. Component parts • Two muscles on each side— 1) Levator ani 2) Coccygeus • Two fascia – sup. & Inf. Fascia of pelvic diaphragm
- 15. Levator ani • Consists of Pubo- coccygeus & Iliococcygeus often separated by gap
- 16. Origin of levator ani
- 17. PELVIC DIAPHRAGM PUBOCOCCYGEUS 1)ANTERIOR FIBERS 2)MIDDLE FIBERS (puborectalis) 3)POSTERIOR FIBERS ILIOCOCCYGEUS COCCYGEUS • ISCHICOCCYGEUS LEVATOR ANI
- 20. Pubo-coccygeus • Anterior fibres—arise from pelvic surface of body of pubis & inserted into perineal body . ( males– levator prostatae & in females sphincter vaginae)
- 22. Pubo-coccygeus • Middle fibres– arise from lateral part of pelvic surface of body of pubis (puborectalis) • Posterior fibres—arise from ant. Half of white line on obturator fascia & inserted into anococcygeal lig. & tip of coccyx (anorectal ring)
- 23. Ilio-coccygeus • Origin- post. Half white line on obturator fascia & pelvic surface of ischial spine • Insertion- lower two pieces of coccyx & ano- coccygeal ligament
- 25. Coccygeus • Also called ischio- coccygeus, triangular in shape • Origin- pelvic surface ischial spine & sacro- spinous lig. • Insertion- upper two pieces coccyx & sacrum
- 26. Nerve supply of levator ani • Levator ani supplied by 4th sacral nerve & inferior rectal n. • Coccygeus supplied by 4th & 5th sacral nerves
- 27. Functions of pelvic diaphragm • Supports pelvic viscera • In male elevate prostate • In females prevents downward displacement of uterus through vaginal canal • Resist increased intra-abdominal pressure & help maintain continence of bladder & rectum • PUBOVAGINALIS: as vaginal sphincter
- 28. Relations of levator ani • Superior or pelvic surface- covered with pelvic fascia, separate it from bladder, prostate, rectum & peritoneum • Inferior or perineal surface- covered with anal fascia & forms medial boundary of ischioanal fascia • Anterior border of two muscles separated by triangular gap for passage of urethra & vagina • Posterior border is free & lie against anterior margin of coccygeus
- 29. Applied anatomy • Perineal body may be torn in females during parturition resulting in cystocoele or prolapse of uterus