The document describes the anatomy of the anterior abdominal wall. It is divided into nine quadrants and contains skin, superficial fascia with fatty and membranous layers, deep fascia, three muscle layers (external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis), rectus abdominis muscles, pyramidalis muscle, extraperitoneal fascia, and parietal peritoneum from external to internal. Key nerves are branches of thoracic and lumbar nerves, and arteries include the superior and inferior epigastric arteries. Lymphatic drainage is to axillary nodes above the umbilicus and inguinal nodes below.
rectus sheath, the sheath covering rectus muscle of anterior abdominal wall, formation of the sheath, the muscles involved in ts formation, and the contents the sheath is covering
rectus sheath, the sheath covering rectus muscle of anterior abdominal wall, formation of the sheath, the muscles involved in ts formation, and the contents the sheath is covering
Fundamentals of pelvis, perineum and male genitalia anatomy. contains short notes with atlas. easy for self study of preclinical and clinical students and residents. clinically important common correlations are included. well animated power point presentation.
Fundamentals of pelvis, perineum and male genitalia anatomy. contains short notes with atlas. easy for self study of preclinical and clinical students and residents. clinically important common correlations are included. well animated power point presentation.
Anterior abdominal wall , Rectus sheath and Inguinal.pptxJudeChinecherem
In this detailed lecture note, we embark on a comprehensive journey through the complex and crucial anatomy of the abdominal wall. The abdominal wall is not just a physical barrier; it is a dynamic structure with multiple layers, muscles, and intricate structures that play a fundamental role in protecting our internal organs, providing support, and enabling various bodily functions.
We will delve deep into the layers of the abdominal wall, understanding the significance of each component - from the outermost skin to the innermost peritoneum. Through detailed illustrations, diagrams, and explanations, you will gain a profound insight into the anatomical intricacies of this region.
Moreover, this lecture note provides valuable insights into the clinical relevance of the abdominal wall. Learn about common medical conditions and surgical procedures related to the abdominal wall, including hernias, trauma, and abdominal wall reconstruction. Whether you are a medical student, healthcare professional, or simply intrigued by the wonders of the human body, this resource will enrich your knowledge and understanding of this vital anatomical structure.
Join us on this educational journey as we unravel the mysteries of the abdominal wall, exploring its anatomy, functions, and clinical significance. Whether you're studying medicine, pursuing a career in healthcare, or just eager to expand your knowledge, this lecture note is a valuable resource for anyone interested in the fascinating world of human anatomy."
Abdominal anatomical and symptoms and symptoms and Marasmus of the fetus first and symptoms to the signs on a verification dsujŝkkkllllllllljnvvvhĵjbvvghhjjĵkķkkkkkkkkkkkllķ
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
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2. The abdomen is the region of the body that is located between the diaphragm above and the pelvic inlet
below.
It is divided into nine quadrants, by:
Two vertical lines at the level of:
Midclavicular point superiorly
Midinguinal point inferiorly
Two horizontal lines at the level of:
Subcostal edges superiorly
Right and left iliac tubercles inferiorly
3.
4. The structures of the abdominal wall from out side to inside.
1. Skin.
2. Superficial fascia.
3. Deep fascia
4. Muscles.
5. Extraperitoneal fascia
6. Parietal peritoneum.
5. SKIN
Skin is loosely attached to the underlining structures except the umbilicus.
The umbilicus is a scar representing the site of attachment of the umbilical cord in the fetus; it is situated in
the linea alba.
6. SUPERFICIAL FASCIA
The superficial fascia is divided into:
Superficial fatty layer (fascia of Camper)
Deep membranous layer (Scarpa's fascia)
SUPERFICIAL FATTY LAYER (CAMPER’S FASCIA).
It’s continuous with superficial fat over the rest of the body.
In the scrotum is modified as a thin smooth muscular layer called dartos muscle.
7. Deep membranous layer.(Scarpa’s fascia).
In the midline inferiorly, the membranous layer of fascia is not
attached to the pubis but forms a tubular sheath for the penis (or clitoris).
Below in the perineum, it enters the wall of the scrotum (or labia majora).
From there it passes to be attached on each side to the margins of the pubic arch;
it is here referred to as Colles' fascia.
8.
9. DEEP FASCIA
Is a thin layer of connective tissue covering the muscles, it lies immediately deep to the membranous layer
of superficial fascia.
10. MUSCLES
The muscles of the anterior abdominal wall consist of three broad thin sheets that are aponeurotic in front;
from exterior to interior they are :
The external oblique
The internal oblique
The transversus
11. On either side of the midline anteriorly is, in addition, a wide vertical muscle, the rectus abdominis.
As the aponeuroses of the three sheets pass forward, they enclose the rectus abdominis to form the
rectus sheath.
12. ORIGIN
Lower eight ribs
(5-12)
INSERTION
NERVE SUPPLY
lower six
thoracic nerves
(T7-T12)
iliohypogastric
and ilioinguinal
nerves (L1)
ACTION
Supports abdominal contents;
compresses abdominal
contents
assists in flexing and rotation
of trunk
assists in forced expiration,
micturition, defecation,
parturition, and vomiting
Xiphoid process
linea alba
pubic crest
pubic tubercle
iliac crest
EXTERNAL OBLIQUE MUSCLE
Broad, thin, muscular sheet.
13. There is a triangular-shaped defect in the external oblique aponeurosis that lies immediately above and
medial to the pubic tubercle known as superficial inguinal ring
The spermatic cord (or round ligament of the uterus) passes through this opening and carries the external
spermatic fascia (or the external covering of the round ligament of the uterus) from the margins of the ring
14. Between the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic tubercle, the
lower border of the aponeurosis is folded backward on itself, forming
the inguinal ligament .
15. From the medial end of the ligament, the lacunar
ligament extends backward and upward to the
pectineal line on the superior ramus of the pubis
16. ORIGIN
Lumbar fascia,
iliac crest,
lateral two thirds
of the inguinal
ligament.
INSERTION
NERVE SUPPLY
lower six
thoracic nerves
(T7-T12)
iliohypogastric
and ilioinguinal
nerves (L1)
ACTION
Supports abdominal contents;
compresses abdominal
contents
assists in flexing and rotation
of trunk
assists inforced expiration,
micturition, defecation,
parturition, and vomiting
lower three ribs
and their costal
cartilages
xiphoid process.
linea alba.
symphysis
pubis.
INTERNAL OBLIQUE MUSCLE
The internal oblique muscle is also a broad, thin, muscular sheet that lies deep to the external oblique
17. Lower fibres of internal oblique are joined
by similar fibers from the transversus
to form the conjoint tendon .
As the spermatic cord (or round ligament of the
uterus) passes under the lower border of the
internal oblique, it carries with it some of the
muscle fibers that are called the
cremaster muscle .
18. TRANSVERSUS MUSCLE
Thin sheet of muscle that lies deep to the internal oblique
ORIGIN
Lower six costal
cartilages
Lumbar fascia,
iliac crest,
lateral two thirds
of the inguinal
ligament.
INSERTION
NERVE SUPPLY
lower six
thoracic nerves
(T7-T12)
iliohypogastric
and ilioinguinal
nerves (L1)
ACTION
compresses abdominal
contents
xiphoid process.
linea alba.
Symphysis
pubis.
19. RECTUS ABDOMINIS
The rectus abdominis is a long strap muscle that extends along the whole length of the anterior abdominal
wall.
It is broader above and lies close to the midline, being separated from its fellow by the linea alba.
20. ORIGIN
symphysis
pubis
pubic crest.
INSERTION
NERVE SUPPLY
lower six
thoracic nerves
(T7-T12)
ACTION
compresses abdominal
contents; flexes vertebral
column; accessory muscle of
expiration
fifth, sixth, and
seventh costal
cartilages
xiphoid process
RECTUS ABDOMINIS
21. When it contracts, its lateral margin forms a curved ridge that can be palpated and often seen and is termed
the linea semilunaris, this extends from the tip of the ninth costal cartilage to the pubic tubercle.
The rectus abdominis muscle is divided into distinct segments by three transverse tendinous intersections at
the level of:
xiphoid process.
umbilicus.
halfway between these two.
23. EXTRAPERITONEAL FASCIA
The extraperitoneal fat is a thin layer of connective tissue that contains a variable amount of fat and lies
between the fascia transversalis and the parietal peritoneum
PARIETAL PERITONEUM
The walls of the abdomen are lined with parietal peritoneum. This is a thin serous membrane and is
continuous below with the parietal peritoneum lining the pelvis.
24. NERVE SUPPLY
The nerves of the anterior abdominal wall are the anterior rami of the lower six thoracic and the first
lumbar nerves.
The thoracic nerves are the lower five intercostal nerves and the subcostal nerves
First lumbar nerve is represented by the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves, branches of the lumbar
plexus
They supply the skin of the anterior abdominal wall, the muscles, and the parietal peritoneum.
The lower six thoracic nerves pierce the posterior wall of the rectus sheath to supply the rectus muscle
and the pyramidalis (T12 only).
25. The oblique and transversus abdominis muscles are supplied by the lower six thoracic nerves and the
iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves (L1).
The rectus muscle is supplied by the lower six thoracic nerves.
The pyramidalis is supplied by the 12th thoracic nerve.
Dermatomes of the abdominal wall.
The xiphoid process: T7
The umbilicus: T10
The pubis: L1
26. BLOOD SUPPLY
The skin near the midline is supplied by branches of the
superior and the inferior epigastric arteries.
The skin of the flanks is supplied by branches of the
Intercostal arteries
Lumbar arteries
Deep circumflex iliac arteries
27. The superior epigastric artery, one of the terminal branches of the internal thoracic artery, enters the
upper part of the rectus sheath
It descends behind the rectus muscle, supplying the upper central part of the anterior abdominal wall, and
anastomoses with the inferior epigastric artery.
The inferior epigastric artery is a branch of the external iliac artery just above the inguinal ligament.
the rectus muscle, supplying the lower central part of the anterior abdominal wall, and anastomoses with the
superior epigastric artery.
The deep circumflex iliac artery is a branch of the external iliac artery just above the inguinal ligament.
It supplies the lower lateral part of the abdominal wall.
The lower two posterior intercostal arteries, branches of the descending thoracic aorta, and the four
lumbar arteries, branches of the abdominal aorta, pass forward between the muscle layers and supply the
lateral part of the abdominal wall
28. VENOUS DRAINAGE
SUPERFICIAL VEINS
The superficial veins form a network that radiates out from the umbilicus.
Above, the network is drained into the axillary vein via the lateral thoracic vein.
Below, into the femoral vein via the superficial epigastric and great saphenous veins.
DEEP VEINS
The deep veins of the abdominal wall, the superior epigastric, inferior epigastric, and deep circumflex
iliac veins, follow the arteries of the same name and drain into the internal thoracic and external iliac
veins.
29. superficial
Lymphatics in the region above the umbilicus
Drain into the axillary lymph nodes which can be palpated just beneath the lower border of the pectoralis
major muscle
Lymphatics in the region below the umbilicus
Drain into the superficial inguinal nodes
The deep lymph vessels follow the arteries and drain into the internal thoracic, external iliac, posterior
mediastinal, and para-aortic (lumbar) nodes.