pediatrics.Evaluation of renal function and structure.(dr.adnan hamawandi)
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The document discusses various methods for evaluating renal function and structure, including urinalysis, tests of glomerular function like GFR and protein excretion, tests of renal tubular function, imaging procedures like ultrasound and radionuclide scanning, renal biopsy, and the limitations of renal function at birth. Urinalysis provides a non-invasive indicator of renal function while tests of glomerular and tubular function assess filtration, concentration, dilution and acidification abilities. Imaging can evaluate kidney size, shape, blood flow and reflux while biopsy offers definitive histological diagnosis. Renal function is significantly limited at birth with low GFR and impaired concentration, sodium handling and acid-base regulation.
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Chest radiography is the most commonly used imaging technique but can be difficult to interpret. It involves examining the diaphragm, heart, mediastinum, hilar regions, lungs, and thoracic cage. Computed tomography provides more detailed images and is used to further evaluate abnormalities detected on chest x-rays. Other techniques like ultrasound, nuclear medicine scans, and pulmonary angiography play more limited roles in imaging the chest. Diseases can sometimes be present even with a normal chest x-ray, so clinical findings remain important.
dermatology.Viral diseases.(dr.ali el-ethawe)
This document summarizes several viral diseases that affect the skin and mucous membranes. It discusses the characteristics of viruses and describes several families of DNA and RNA viruses that can cause skin infections. Specific viruses covered include herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, varicella zoster virus, and human papillomavirus. For each virus, the document outlines the clinical presentation of primary and recurrent infections, common manifestations, treatment approaches, and potential complications.
medicine.Acute leukemias.(dr.sabir)
Acute leukemias are clonal malignant disorders characterized by the accumulation of immature blast cells in the bone marrow, which replaces normal marrow tissue. This results in bone marrow failure and peripheral blood cytopenias. Acute leukemias are classified as either acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML) based on the affected cell lineage. Treatment involves intensive chemotherapy aimed at inducing remission followed by consolidation therapy to eradicate residual leukemia cells. Supportive care is also important to manage complications such as infection during treatment. Long term side effects can include second malignancies, organ dysfunction, and infertility. Prognosis depends on factors like age, white blood cell count, and response to initial
Dr.salah.radiology.bone and joints disease
This document summarizes bone and joint diseases as seen on radiographs. It describes generalized decreased and increased bone density caused by conditions like osteoporosis, osteomalacia, hyperparathyroidism and Paget's disease. Specific findings of osteoporosis, rickets, osteomalacia and hyperparathyroidism are outlined. Joint diseases discussed include osteoarthritis and its features of joint space narrowing and soft tissue swelling. Diagnosis of arthritis depends on the number and location of involved joints and presence of underlying diseases.
orthopedics,peripheral nerve injury.(dr.baxtiar rasul)
The document discusses peripheral nerve injuries, describing the structure of nerves, types of injuries including neurapraxia and neurotmesis, and obstetric brachial plexus injuries. Obstetric brachial plexus injuries occur during childbirth and can cause Erb's palsy or Klumpke's palsy, affecting movement and sensation in the arm. Treatment depends on the severity and may include nerve grafts, transfers, or surgery to correct muscle imbalances.
pediatrics.Glomerulonephritis.(dr.adnan hamawandi)
This document discusses glomerulonephritis (GN), which is inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys. It can occur as a primary condition or associated with other systemic disorders. The document covers the definition, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, investigations, and management of different types of GN including acute post-infectious GN, Henoch Schonlein purpura, and hemolytic uremic syndrome.
Infective endocarditis
1. Infective endocarditis is an infection of the heart valves or endocardium. It can affect native or prosthetic valves.
2. Risk factors include artificial heart valves, congenital heart defects, and intravenous drug use. Common causative organisms are staphylococci and streptococci.
3. Symptoms include fever, chills, weight loss, and heart failure. Signs include heart murmurs, petechiae, splinter hemorrhages, and Osler's nodes. Diagnosis involves blood cultures and echocardiography. Treatment is intravenous antibiotics for 4-6 weeks along with possible surgery.
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orthopedics.Bone grafts and club foot.(dr.omer barawe)
orthopedics.Bone grafts and club foot.(dr.omer barawe)
orthopedics,peripheral nerve injury.(dr.baxtiar rasul)
orthopedics,peripheral nerve injury.(dr.baxtiar rasul)
pediatrics.Glomerulonephritis.(dr.adnan hamawandi)
pediatrics.Glomerulonephritis.(dr.adnan hamawandi)
Similar to pediatrics.Evaluation of renal function and structure.(dr.adnan hamawandi)
renal diseases
This document discusses clinical manifestations and evaluation of renal disease in children. Common signs of renal disorders include edema, hematuria, abnormalities in urination, and flank or abdominal pain. Evaluation of renal disease involves examination of urine for red blood cells, proteins, and casts. Imaging tests like ultrasound and IVU can identify structural abnormalities. Glomerular diseases commonly cause hematuria while tubular disorders present with electrolyte abnormalities. Renal biopsy may be needed to diagnose conditions like Alport syndrome.
Rft
Renal function tests assess kidney function and detect impairment. They include tests of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using creatinine, urea and inulin clearance. GFR is calculated using creatinine levels and equations factoring age, weight and sex. Other tests evaluate tubular function through urine concentration, osmolality, and checking for proteins, glucose and amino acids in urine. Together these tests provide valuable information about both glomerular and tubular integrity and kidney health.
Renal Function Test
This document discusses renal function tests and their importance in assessing kidney function. It covers urine analysis including physical, chemical and microscopic examination. It also discusses various blood tests like serum creatinine, blood urea, uric acid and electrolytes to evaluate glomerular function. Tests of tubular function examined include urine concentration, vasopressin and water load tests. The significance of renal function tests in acute kidney injury is also highlighted. An addendum discusses cystatin C as a novel marker for non-invasive estimation of glomerular filtration rate and early renal impairment.
RENAL FUNCTION-
This document discusses renal function tests. It describes why renal function is tested, such as to assess kidney function and detect impairment. It outlines when renal function should be assessed, such as in older age, diabetes, or hypertension. The document then describes the different types of renal function tests, including urine analysis, blood tests like creatinine and urea, and glomerular function tests. Urine analysis involves examining color, volume, specific gravity, pH, and microscopic sediment. Blood tests evaluate substances that are normally excreted by the kidneys. Glomerular function tests directly measure the glomerular filtration rate.
Renal function test
This document provides an overview of renal function tests. It discusses the anatomy and physiology of the kidney and nephron. It describes various tests used to evaluate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) including creatinine clearance, urea clearance, insulin clearance, and inulin clearance tests. It also covers tests of tubular function like dilution and acidification tests. Normal ranges for urine and blood parameters are provided.
RENAL FUNCTION TESTS
This document discusses various biochemical and radiological tests used to evaluate renal function and diagnose renal disease. It describes tests that measure glomerular filtration rate (GFR) like creatinine clearance, urea clearance, and inulin clearance. It also discusses tubular function tests like urine analysis, concentration tests, and acid load tests. Biomarkers of renal injury like kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and interleukin-18 are also summarized. Radiological investigations like ultrasound, CT, MRI, renal scans, biopsy and cystoscopy are also mentioned.
A detailed explanation of kidney function tests.ppt
This document discusses kidney function tests. It states that the kidneys filter waste from the blood and regulate fluid balance and electrolytes. Renal function can be assessed by measuring blood urea and creatinine levels, which evaluate glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Elevated levels of these substances indicate impaired kidney function. The document also outlines methods for measuring creatinine, urea, uric acid and GFR and their significance in evaluating renal status.
renal function tests by Dr siva kumar
This document discusses renal function tests which are divided into three groups: glomerular function tests, tubular function tests, and urine analysis.
Glomerular function tests include clearance tests such as creatinine clearance test which measures glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Tubular function tests assess kidney's concentrating and diluting abilities through urine concentration and dilution tests. Urine analysis examines physical properties, chemical components, and microscopic contents of urine to detect abnormalities.
Renal function test
The document provides information on renal function tests. It discusses the anatomy and functions of the kidneys. There are several reasons to test renal function, including to assess functional capacity, detect impairment, monitor treatment response, and ensure safe drug use. Tests can evaluate glomerular function, renal plasma flow, and tubular function. Common tests include urine analysis, creatinine clearance, urea clearance, inulin clearance, para-amino hippurate clearance, and tests of urine concentration, acidification, and dilution abilities.
Generalities of-nephrology
This document provides an overview of nephrology, including the anatomy and physiology of the kidneys and nephrons. It describes the main functions of the kidneys in regulating water, salts, and other substances. Several key syndromes are defined, such as nephritic syndrome, nephrotic syndrome, acute renal failure, and chronic kidney disease. A variety of exams are also summarized that are used to diagnose and evaluate kidney function, including urine analysis, blood tests, renal functional tests, imaging techniques, isotopic explorations, and kidney biopsy.
Kidney function test
The document provides information on kidney function tests and renal assessment. It discusses the anatomy and function of the kidneys and urinary system. Various tests for evaluating glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal tubular function are described, including creatinine clearance, urea, uric acid, and beta-2 microglobulin. Urinalysis tests like specific gravity, pH, protein, glucose, and sediment examination are also covered. The document emphasizes the importance of renal function testing in conditions like diabetes, hypertension, and kidney disease.
Urine analysis
The document provides an overview of urinalysis as a diagnostic tool. It discusses the history of urinalysis, how to perform and interpret a urinalysis. Key points include:
1) Urinalysis is a noninvasive test that provides information about kidney and urinary tract health through examination of urine color, clarity, pH, proteins, glucose, and microscopic analysis.
2) Specimen collection methods include random, clean-catch, catheterized, and time samples. Proper storage is important to preserve results.
3) A dipstick rapidly tests for various analytes like leukocyte esterase, nitrites, protein, glucose and others. Microscopic analysis identifies cells, casts, crystals
Generalities of-nephrology
This document provides an overview of nephrology and kidney function. It discusses the anatomy of the kidneys and nephrons, as well as the physiology of glomerular filtration and tubular function. It also outlines several main kidney syndromes including nephritic syndrome, nephrotic syndrome, acute renal failure, and chronic kidney disease. Finally, it describes various exams that are used to evaluate kidney function such as urine analysis, blood tests, renal functional tests, imaging techniques, isotopic explorations, and kidney biopsy.
Renal Function Tests by Dr.Ankur Puri
The kidneys contain approximately 1 million nephrons each. Nephrons are the functional units of the kidney and consist of glomeruli and tubules. Nephron formation is complete by birth but maturation continues into childhood. A decreased number of nephrons can lead to renal disease later in life. Evaluation of renal function includes urine analysis, measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using creatinine clearance or formulas, and tests of urinary concentration and acidification abilities.
KIDNEY FUNCTION TEST STM.pptx by Dr Thakur
The document discusses kidney function tests. It covers the basic functions of the kidney including regulation of fluid balance and electrolytes, excretion of waste, and hormone production. It describes tests used to evaluate glomerular filtration rate including clearance of inulin, creatinine, and cystatin C. Other tests discussed evaluate tubular function and biomarkers like BUN, microalbuminuria, and electrolytes. Kidney biopsy indications and procedure are also summarized.
Urine analysis
The urinalysis provides important diagnostic information through gross assessment, dipstick analysis, and microscopic examination of urine sediment. Gross assessment evaluates color, clarity, and other physical characteristics. Dipstick analysis rapidly tests for substances like hematuria, protein, glucose, and nitrites. Microscopic sediment examination identifies cells and casts that can indicate conditions like urinary tract infection or glomerular disease. Together, a complete urinalysis gives valuable clues for evaluating kidney function and identifying underlying renal or systemic disorders.
Hematuria in children
Hematuria in children can be detected by urinary dipstick or microscopic examination. Common causes include glomerular disease, hypercalciuria, and nutcracker syndrome. Evaluation depends on whether hematuria is isolated, accompanied by proteinuria, or symptomatic. For isolated hematuria, follow-up includes urine culture and screening for hypercalciuria if persistent. Hematuria with proteinuria warrants further testing including serum creatinine. Symptomatic hematuria evaluation includes history, physical exam, and urinalysis to determine glomerular vs extraglomerular cause. Renal biopsy is considered if hematuria is substantial or progressive.
limitation and scope.pptx
The document discusses the assessment of renal function through various tests and methods. It describes:
1. Tests to measure glomerular filtration rate (GFR) including inulin clearance, creatinine clearance, iohexol clearance, and cystatin C.
2. Other renal function tests including urine analysis, blood tests of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, and combined analyses like fractional excretion of sodium.
3. Methods for evaluating GFR including predicting GFR from creatinine levels using the Schwartz formula and nuclear medicine techniques using radioactive tracers.
Kidney function tests by moustafa rizk
The document discusses the interpretation of kidney function through laboratory tests. It describes the physiologic role and functional units of the kidney. Key points include:
- The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, which filters blood to form urine and regulates electrolytes and acid-base balance.
- Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and creatinine clearance are tests used to assess kidney filtration function. Creatinine clearance is estimated based on creatinine levels in serum and urine.
- Tubular function tests include urine concentration and acidification to evaluate the kidney's reabsorption and regulatory roles. Assessing these functions provides insight into renal disorders.
Approach to proteinuria in Children
- Proteinuria refers to abnormal levels of protein in the urine and can be caused by damage to the glomerular filtration barrier in the kidneys. The glomerular filtration barrier is normally highly selective and prevents protein leakage into the urine.
- Proteinuria is classified as transient, orthostatic, asymptomatic, symptomatic, isolated or associated with other symptoms. Measurement involves urine dipstick testing, 24-hour urine protein estimation, or urine protein-creatinine ratio.
- Evaluation of proteinuria includes assessing for signs and symptoms, measuring extent of proteinuria, and considering underlying causes like glomerular disease, tubular dysfunction, or overflow proteinuria from other medical conditions. Treatment is directed at the underlying cause
Similar to pediatrics.Evaluation of renal function and structure.(dr.adnan hamawandi) (20)
A detailed explanation of kidney function tests.ppt
A detailed explanation of kidney function tests.ppt
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Development
This document discusses child development from birth through adolescence. It covers the major areas of development - gross motor, fine motor, language, social/emotional - and provides typical milestones for various age groups like sitting up alone by 6 months and walking by 12-15 months. The document also mentions tools for assessing development like the Denver Developmental Screening Test and discusses prolonged development during school age and the biological, psychological, and social changes of adolescence.
Electrocardiographymain
This document discusses the vectorial approach to electrocardiography (ECG) interpretation. It explains that the vectorial approach views the standard ECG as representing three-dimensional vector forces over time, whereas a standard ECG shows only magnitude. By combining data from different ECG leads, one can derive information about the direction of forces. It also discusses how to interpret information about the frontal plane from limb leads and the horizontal plane from precordial leads, including the orientation and meaning of waves in each lead. Finally, it notes that ECGs differ between infants/children and adults due to anatomical differences, with infants typically showing right ventricular dominance.
Immunization2
The document discusses several vaccines including BCG, DTP, polio, Hib, MMR, rotavirus, varicella, hepatitis A, and pneumococcal. It provides information on the nature of the vaccines, indications for use, efficacy, administration schedule and route, storage requirements, adverse reactions and contraindications. Specific details are given for dosage, intervals between doses, age for administration and booster schedules for many of the vaccines.
Gyne,obst slides
The document contains medical terminology related to gynecology and obstetrics procedures, diagnoses, and conditions. Terms include descriptions of stages of labor, perineal injuries, reproductive anatomy, cysts, cancers, pregnancies, fertility treatments, versions, syndromes, and more. The document provides a list of brief medical terms and descriptions related to women's health and childbirth.
Catch up vaccine
1) The document provides immunization recommendations for children and teens from birth through 18 years of age. It outlines the recommended vaccines, dosing schedules, catch-up schedules, and contraindications.
2) Key recommended vaccines include hepatitis B, DTaP, polio, influenza, varicella, MMR, and Hib. The schedules provide the ages for routine administration, number of doses, minimum intervals between doses, and other guidance.
3) The document also lists contraindications and precautions for each vaccine, such as previous allergic reactions, immunosuppression, or moderate to severe acute illness. It aims to help healthcare providers appropriately immunize children and teens on time.
Assessment examination1
The document outlines an assessment examination for OBGYN consisting of 7 rooms evaluating various skills. Room 1 involves taking a history from a pregnant patient with vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain. Room 2 examines skills and findings from examining a patient after a normal vaginal delivery. Room 3 involves multiple choice questions about uterine sounds, speculums, oxytocin, curettes, and hysterosalpingograms. Room 4 presents an emergency preeclampsia case to diagnose, manage, and plan a delivery for. Room 5 involves analyzing a partogram to diagnose failure to progress labor and determine management. Room 6 presents an emergency ectopic pregnancy case to diagnose and manage. Room 7 involves identifying indications for various clinical presentations and procedures from
Assessment examination
The document outlines an assessment examination for pediatrics consisting of 11 rooms. In each room, students will demonstrate skills in history taking, physical examinations including respiratory, abdominal, and cardiovascular, interpret various tests and x-rays, diagnose conditions like iron-deficiency anemia, immune thrombocytopenic purpura, diaphragmatic hernia and recurrent aphthous ulcers. Students will also assess developmental age, recommend catch-up vaccinations, and identify clinical tools like pulse oximetry, intravenous fluids, and nebulizers along with their uses.
Medications
This document summarizes information on several drugs used to treat gynecological conditions. It describes the components, mechanisms of action, usages, dosages and side effects of drugs like Mirena (intrauterine device), Yasmin (oral contraceptive), Primolut (progesterone), Depo Provera (contraceptive injection), and drugs used for fertility treatments, menstrual disorders, pre-eclampsia and postpartum hemorrhage.
Hysterosalpingography
This document provides information on hysterosalpingography (HSG) procedures, including equipment used, indications, contraindications, timing, normal findings, and various abnormal findings. It lists conditions that can be evaluated with HSG such as infertility, congenital uterine anomalies, recurrent miscarriage, abnormal bleeding, and uterine masses. Potential risks including pain, bleeding, infection, and allergic reaction are noted. Images demonstrate normal uterine anatomy and various uterine anomalies detectable on HSG.
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيمAph
This document summarizes antepartum hemorrhage (APH), defined as bleeding in the third trimester between 24 weeks of pregnancy until delivery. Placenta previa, where the placenta covers all or part of the cervical os, is a major cause of APH, accounting for 30% of cases. Ultrasound is used to diagnose and grade placenta previa. Management depends on gestational age and bleeding severity, and may involve bed rest, blood transfusions, or caesarean section which is usually required for complete placenta previa. Complications of placenta previa include preterm birth, malpresentation, postpartum hemorrhage, and in rare cases
Ectopic pregnancy
This document provides information on ectopic pregnancy, including:
1. Ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, most commonly in the fallopian tubes.
2. Risk factors include STIs, IUD use, infertility history, smoking, and assisted reproduction.
3. Symptoms can include abdominal/pelvic pain, vaginal bleeding, and in severe cases, hypovolemic shock from rupture. Diagnosis involves ultrasound and beta-hCG levels.
4. Treatment options are expectant management, surgery (laparoscopy or laparotomy), or medical management with methotrexate depending on factors like size and symptoms. The goal is to preserve
Gestational trophoblastic disease 2
This document defines gestational trophoblastic disease and describes the pathological classification and genetic features of complete and partial hydatidiform moles. It also discusses the clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and follow up of molar pregnancies. The main treatment is surgical evacuation, followed by careful monitoring of hCG levels to detect persistent trophoblastic tissue which may develop into invasive mole or choriocarcinoma in about 10% of cases. Close follow up for years after evacuation is important to identify and treat malignant cases early through chemotherapy.
Disfunctional uterine bleeding.gynaecology
Menstrual disorders are common reasons for women to see their doctor. They include menorrhagia (excessive bleeding), dysmenorrhea (painful periods), and amenorrhea/oligomenorrhea (absent or infrequent periods). Menorrhagia is defined as blood loss over 80ml and affects around 5% of women annually. It can be caused by pelvic issues, systemic diseases, or dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Treatment involves addressing the underlying cause, using medications like NSAIDs or hormonal drugs, or pursuing surgical options like endometrial ablation or hysterectomy if medications fail. A thorough history, examination, and testing are required to diagnose the cause and properly manage menorrhagia.
anaestheisa
Oxygen therapy is indicated for patients with low blood oxygen levels and is commonly provided after surgery. Supplemental oxygen can be administered through a nasal cannula, which provides oxygen through prongs in the nose and is comfortable for patients. The amount of oxygen received depends on factors like flow rate and breathing. A flow of 6L/min provides about 44% inhaled oxygen. Different types of face masks provide varying oxygen concentrations depending on their design and flow rates, such as whether they include reservoirs or valves. Air-entrainment masks use the Venturi effect to mix oxygen and room air for stable oxygen levels.
meidicine. first seizure.(dr.muhamad tahir)
This document discusses the management of a first seizure. It defines seizures and classifies them as generalized or partial. Common causes of first seizures include idiopathic, infections, tumors, and strokes. Management involves documenting the seizure history, examining the patient, checking glucose and other basic labs, observing the patient, and providing advice about seizure precautions and follow up. Recurrence is common within 6 months, especially for symptomatic causes or those with abnormal EEGs or family history of epilepsy.
medicine.Poisoningbyspecificdrugs.(dr.shaikhani)
1. Paracetamol toxicity results from formation of a reactive metabolite that binds to cellular proteins, causing cell death and hepatic or renal failure. Acetylcysteine replenishes glutathione stores and is highly effective if given within 8 hours of overdose.
2. Salicylate poisoning causes respiratory alkalosis, metabolic acidosis, and organ damage. Treatment involves correcting dehydration and acidosis with sodium bicarbonate. Hemodialysis is effective for removing salicylates from the body.
3. Tricyclic antidepressant overdose can cause arrhythmias, hypotension, and seizures due to sodium channel blockade. Treatment involves sodium bicarbonate to correct
medicine.CRF2.(dr.kawa)
Chronic renal failure refers to the irreversible deterioration of renal function over years. It initially presents as biochemical abnormalities and eventually leads to uraemic symptoms as the excretory, metabolic and endocrine functions of the kidneys fail. Common causes include diabetes, hypertension, and glomerulonephritis. Management involves identifying and treating the underlying disease, slowing progression, managing complications, and renal replacement therapy for end-stage disease.
medicine.Age and aging lecture 1.(dr.aso)
This document discusses geriatric medicine and the aging population. It notes that the elderly population is growing significantly both in developed and developing countries. Physiological changes that occur with aging can impact multiple body systems and lead to atypical disease presentation and an increased risk of adverse drug reactions. A comprehensive geriatric assessment considers medical, psychological, functional, social and environmental factors when evaluating elderly patients.
medicine.Vasculitis 2.(dr.kawa)
Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is a clinical syndrome characterized by muscle pain and stiffness affecting the neck, shoulders, and hips that is associated with an increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate. It predominantly affects those over age 50 and women are more commonly affected than men. Treatment involves corticosteroids which provide rapid relief of symptoms for most patients. Tapering of steroids over 12-18 months is usually needed.
medicine.Poisoningintroduction.(dr.muhamad shaikhane)
This document provides guidance on the general approach to triage, resuscitation, clinical assessment, investigations, and management of poisoning patients. It notes that poisoning is a major cause of death in young adults and hospital admissions. The most frequent causes are intentional overdose and accidental poisoning in children and elderly. It outlines steps for initial stabilization including vital signs, identifying toxins, decontamination, resuscitation, and use of antidotes when available. Long-term management focuses on supportive care, treatment of complications, and psychiatric evaluation for intentional overdoses.
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Low potential of triggering unwanted immune responses or genotoxicity,
Economical and feasible availability for patients .
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Organization
Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin
Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin
Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin
About AOMA: The Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin offers a masters-level graduate program in acupuncture and Oriental medicine, preparing its students for careers as skilled, professional practitioners. AOMA is known for its internationally recognized faculty, award-winning student clinical internship program, and herbal medicine program. Since its founding in 1993, AOMA has grown rapidly in size and reputation, drawing students from around the nation and faculty from around the world. AOMA also conducts more than 20,000 patient visits annually in its student and professional clinics. AOMA collaborates with Western healthcare institutions including the Seton Family of Hospitals, and gives back to the community through partnerships with nonprofit organizations and by providing free and reduced price treatments to people who cannot afford them. The Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin is located at 2700 West Anderson Lane. AOMA also serves patients and retail customers at its south Austin location, 4701 West Gate Blvd. For more information see www.aoma.edu or call 512-492-303434.
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The development of nanogold-based cancer therapy could revolutionize oncology by providing a more targeted, less invasive treatment option. This project contributes to the growing body of research aimed at harnessing nanotechnology for medical applications, paving the way for future clinical trials and potential commercial applications.
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, prompting the need for innovative treatment methods. Nanotechnology offers promising new approaches, including the use of gold nanoparticles (nanogold) for targeted cancer therapy. Nanogold particles possess unique physical and chemical properties that make them suitable for drug delivery, imaging, and photothermal therapy.
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdf
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdfOsvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
Gastrointestinal Infections
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS result from the ingestion of pathogens that cause infections at the level of this tract, generally being transmitted by food, water and hands contaminated by microorganisms such as E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus, Rotavirus among others that are generally contained in feces, thus configuring a FECAL-ORAL type of transmission.
Among the factors that lead to the occurrence of gastrointestinal infections are the hygienic and sanitary deficiencies that characterize our markets and other places where raw or cooked food is sold, poor environmental sanitation in communities, deficiencies in water treatment (or in the process of its plumbing), risky hygienic-sanitary habits (not washing hands after major and/or minor needs), among others.
These are generally consequences (signs and symptoms) resulting from gastrointestinal infections: diarrhea, vomiting, fever and malaise, among others.
The treatment consists of replacing lost liquids and electrolytes (drinking drinking water and other recommended liquids, including consumption of juicy fruits such as papayas, apples, pears, among others that contain water in their composition).
To prevent this, it is necessary to promote health education, improve the hygienic-sanitary conditions of markets and communities in general as a way of promoting, preserving and prolonging PUBLIC HEALTH.
Gastritis and Gastric Health
Gastric Health is one of the most relevant concerns in human health, with gastrointestinal infections being among the main illnesses that affect humans.
Among gastric problems, we have GASTRITIS AND GASTRIC ULCERS as the main public health problems. Gastritis and gastric ulcers normally result from inflammation and corrosion of the walls of the stomach (gastric mucosa) and are generally associated (caused) by the bacterium Helicobacter pylor, which, according to the literature, this bacterium settles on these walls (of the stomach) and starts to release urease that ends up altering the normal pH of the stomach (acid), which leads to inflammation and corrosion of the mucous membranes and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
In addition to bacterial infections, gastritis and gastric ulcers are associated with several factors, with emphasis on prolonged fasting, chemical substances including drugs, alcohol, foods with strong seasonings including chilli, which ends up causing inflammation of the stomach walls and/or corrosion. of the same, resulting in the appearance of wounds and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
Among patients with gastritis and/or ulcers, one of the dilemmas is associated with the foods to consume in order to minimize the sensation of pain and discomfort. Storyboard on Skin- Innovative Learning (M-pharm) 2nd sem. (Cosmetics)
Skin is the largest organ of the human body, serving crucial functions that include protection, sensation, regulation, and synthesis. Structurally, it consists of three main layers: the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis (subcutaneous layer).
1. **Epidermis**: The outermost layer primarily composed of epithelial cells called keratinocytes. It provides a protective barrier against environmental factors, pathogens, and UV radiation.
2. **Dermis**: Located beneath the epidermis, the dermis contains connective tissue, blood vessels, hair follicles, and sweat glands. It plays a vital role in supporting and nourishing the epidermis, regulating body temperature, and housing sensory receptors for touch, pressure, temperature, and pain.
3. **Hypodermis**: Also known as the subcutaneous layer, it consists of fat and connective tissue that anchors the skin to underlying structures like muscles and bones. It provides insulation, cushioning, and energy storage.
Skin performs essential functions such as regulating body temperature through sweat production and blood flow control, synthesizing vitamin D when exposed to sunlight, and serving as a sensory interface with the external environment.
Maintaining skin health is crucial for overall well-being, involving proper hygiene, hydration, protection from sun exposure, and avoiding harmful substances. Skin conditions and diseases range from minor irritations to chronic disorders, emphasizing the importance of regular care and medical attention when needed.
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