Contact lens for congenital aphakia and other eye conditions for infants and toddlers. The slide presentation encompasses indications for CL fitting in paediatric, contact lens options, fitting techniques, challenges and contact lens as myopia control.
2. OUTLINES:
īIndications for paediatric contact lenses fitting
īVarious contact lens option for paediatric
īFitting techniques
īChallenges that are present with paediatric
īCL as Myopia control
3. WHO is PAEDIATRIC?
īPaediatrics : A branch of medical care that deals with
infants, children and adolescents, from birth up to age of 18
(in US up to 21)
īThe word paediatric is derived from two Greek words (pais =
child and iatros = healer), which means healer of children.
īClassification by American Academy of Paediatrics:
STAGE AGE
Baby 0-12 months old
Toddler 1-3 years old
Pre School 3-5 years
Grade-schooler 5-12 years old
Teen 12-18 years old
Young adult 18-21 years old
4. INDICATIONS
âPurpose of wearing CL: Refractive and Therapeutic
1. Aphakia (congenital cataract, genetic , rubella, Post-partum
trauma, PHPV and micro-ophthalmia)
2. High Myopia â
3. High hyperopia (Accomodative esotropia) â
4. Irregular Astigmatism (trauma, HSV scarring )â
5. Photophobia (aniridia, iris coloboma, albinism,
achromatopsia â)
6. Amblyopia
7. Anisometropia (refractive>2D)â
8. Nystagmus (Often accompanied with high refractive error
â )
9. Myopia Control
5. INDICATION cont.
īAphakia
ī Congenital cataracts occur in 1.7 of 10,000 births
ī Surgeon do not insert IOL for children under 2-3 yo during the
lensectomy, due to fragile posterior capsule and the eye not yet
stable, as keep growing.
ī Resultant aphakia best corrected with Contact Lens to restore vision
īAnisometropia
ī In case of aniseikonia, contact lenses reduce differences in image
size between eyes and improve peripheral vision.
īAmblyopia
ī An occluder or opaque contact lens as alternative to patching
therapy
6. CL OPTIONS-Description
1. Soft/Hydrogel â lens
Advantages Disadvantages
īˇComfort
īˇStays in place
īˇ High cost
īˇ Low Dk ( corneal edema )
īˇ Poor handling
īˇ Not durable ( rippage , deposits)
īˇ Infection risk in EW
īˇ No UV protection avail
īˇ Cannot mask irregularity
7. CL OPTIONS-Description
2. Prosthetic Lenses
īĄ To improve appearance of disfigured eye : Aniridia,
Iris coloboma, injured cornea (ulcer or trauma)
īĄ To block light reaching back of the eyes; for photophobia to
reduce glare & increase comfort: Albinism (less pigment)
īĄ To eliminate diplopia for certain eye conditions.
īĄ Amlyopia therapy:
īĄ Pt wear two identical-appearing colored contact lens, GOOD eye wears lens with
opaque pupil to block (occlude) light from entering the eye.
īĄ More effective than applying eye patch
īĄ âHOW?: Custom painted to color match â
8. CL OPTIONS-Description
3. Silicone Elastomer/B&L Silsoft
ī Silicone elastomer lens providing the high oxygen permeability
ī Silsoft by B&L:Option for paediatric aphakia-30 days continuous wear lens
ī Advantages:
īĄ High O2 permeability
īĄ Comfort & stay in place
īĄ Easy handling
ī Disadvantages:
īĄ Poor lens wetting
īĄ Hydrophobic
īˇ Rapid lipid deposition
īĄ Limited parameters
īˇ Power range 3D step
īˇ 3 Base Curves
īˇ 1 diameter
īĄ High cost
Parameters Available range
Material Elastofilcon
Water content 0.2%
O2 permeability (Dk) 340
O2 transmission (Dk/t) 71
Base Curves 7.5, 7.7, 7.9mm
Diameter S 11.30mm
Power +23.00D to +32.00D (3.00D steps)
Optical zone 7.0mm
Centre thickness 0.51mm - 0.71mm
9. CL OPTIONS-Description
4. Rigid Gas Permeable (RGP)
ī Preference: Menicon Z
īĄ Highest level of oxygen
permeability
ī Advantages:
ī Provide clearer vision than other methods.
ī Allow improved tear flow and oxygen under the CL-high Dk
ī Easy to handle (insertion & removal)
ī Reduction in the progression of myopia
ī Flexibility designs/parameters (customize curve, power, diameter.
ī Safety profile: less bacterial and protein adherence
ī Cost: less expensive
ī Disadvantages:
ī Adaptation/ comfort
ī Lens loss/ dislocation
Parameters Details
Material Tisilfocon A with UV filter
O2 permeability , Dk 163
FDA Approval 30 days continuous wear
10. CONTACT LENS FITTING
īWhat age appropriate to fit contact lens?
īĄ American Academy of Optometry in 2004 stated :
â by the age of eight, a child was able to handle contact lenses and assume
some degree of responsibility.â
īĄ However, child's maturity and ability to handle contact lenses responsibly is
more important than age alone.
īĄ Otherwise, optometrist should educate and guide parents on proper
handling of CL.
īPre-fitting apparatus
īĄ Contact lens fitting sets
īĄ Retinoscope and loose lenses
īĄ Fluorescein strips and Wratton filter
īĄ Keratometer (optional)
īĄ Burton Lamp
īĄ Contact lens solution, case & cleaners
14. CL FITTING-PARAMETERS
īAverage Power Needed for the Aphakic Eye
īĄ 0-12 months : +29 D to +32 D
īĄ 12-24 months : +20 D to +26 D
īĄ > 2 Years : +12 D to +20 D
īCorneal Curvature (Table 1)
15. CL FITTING- CONSIDERATION
īConsiderations Specific to the Infant
īĄ maximum oxygen permeability
īĄ expanded powers
īĄ steeper base curves
īĄ smaller overall diameters
īĄ ease in handling and durability
īĄ reproducible
īĄ ability to use medication
16. CHALLENGE IN PAEDIATRIC CL MANAGEMENT
īInfant & toddler eye anatomy
īĄ Small palpebral fissure
īĄ Steeper cornea than older patient
īĄ Higher powers than the older pt (due to shorter axial length)
īParent time & motivation
īĄ Time limitation
īĄ Find difficulty on lens insertion and removal process, lens care
īUnable to understand instruction (infants)
īĄ Alternative: voice, touch & smell
īAnxiety about the procedures (for toddlers)
īĄ Resisting during procedures
17. CL as MYOPIA CONTROL
īOrthokeratology (Ortho-K)
īĄ Temporarily reverse myopia
īĄ Specially designed GP worn during night sleep, and removed in the
morning .
īâDual-Focusâ soft contact lenses:
īĄ Latest finding: able to slow the progression of nearsightedness in
children ages 11 to 14, compared with regular soft contact lenses.
īĄ Design:
īˇ Concept: peripheral defocus in the retina might reduce the lengthening of the
eyeball during childhood that is associated with myopia progression.
Central optical zone :
Fully corrects myopia
Peripheral zone:
Lesser correction
18. REFERENCES
1. Scalafani, L. August, 4 2002. Kids and Contacts: Pediatric Aphakia Contact Lens
Fitting: Review of Optometry.
2. Edmonds, C.A., October, 23 2003. Fitting Infants and Toddlers with Contact Lenses:
Review of Optometry.
3. Stephenson, M. 2014. Prosthetic Contact Lenses. Allaboutvision.com
4. Walline, J.J. 2000. Fitting Kids with Rigid Gas Permeable Lenses. Contact Lens
Spectrum.
5. Heiting,G. Are Contact Lenses a Good Choice for Kids?. Allaboutvision.com
6. Reeder, R.E.Kattouf, V. November ,1 2010.Succeeding with Kids and Contact Lenses:
Optometric Management.
7. Saltarelli, D.P. 2013. Contact Lenses For Infant Aphakia: Tips For Successful
Management.