This document provides information on contact lenses, including their indications, contraindications, types, fitting procedures, parameters, complications, and special considerations. It discusses rigid gas permeable, soft, therapeutic, extended wear, disposable, and cosmetic contact lenses. Key details include the materials used to manufacture different contact lens types, advantages and disadvantages, fitting considerations like base curve and power, and potential post-fitting complications.
Conventional contact lenses and its common problems
How to manage contact lens in covid 19 situation
Basic care & maintenance
In which aspect conventional Cl are using
Hydrogel contact lens
Conventional contact lenses and its common problems
How to manage contact lens in covid 19 situation
Basic care & maintenance
In which aspect conventional Cl are using
Hydrogel contact lens
Contact Lenses Management in PediatricsKaylie Ling
The post-surgical management of the pediatric aphakic is important. Contact lens is the best optical device in the post-operative aphakia to provide good visual quality.
Contact Lenses Management in PediatricsKaylie Ling
The post-surgical management of the pediatric aphakic is important. Contact lens is the best optical device in the post-operative aphakia to provide good visual quality.
Navigating Challenges: Mental Health, Legislation, and the Prison System in B...Guillermo Rivera
This conference will delve into the intricate intersections between mental health, legal frameworks, and the prison system in Bolivia. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current challenges faced by mental health professionals working within the legislative and correctional landscapes. Topics of discussion will include the prevalence and impact of mental health issues among the incarcerated population, the effectiveness of existing mental health policies and legislation, and potential reforms to enhance the mental health support system within prisons.
Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index is an online tool created by ILC that ranks countries on six metrics including, life span, health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. The Index helps us understand how well countries have adapted to longevity and inform decision makers on what must be done to maximise the economic benefits that comes with living well for longer.
Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair A New Horizon in Nephrology.pptxR3 Stem Cell
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair: A New Horizon in Nephrology" explores groundbreaking advancements in the use of R3 stem cells for kidney disease treatment. This insightful piece delves into the potential of these cells to regenerate damaged kidney tissue, offering new hope for patients and reshaping the future of nephrology.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
The Importance of Community Nursing Care.pdfAD Healthcare
NDIS and Community 24/7 Nursing Care is a specific type of support that may be provided under the NDIS for individuals with complex medical needs who require ongoing nursing care in a community setting, such as their home or a supported accommodation facility.
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
Health Education on prevention of hypertensionRadhika kulvi
Hypertension is a chronic condition of concern due to its role in the causation of coronary heart diseases. Hypertension is a worldwide epidemic and important risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke and renal diseases. Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels and is sufficient to maintain tissue perfusion during activity and rest. Hypertension is sustained elevation of BP. In adults, HTN exists when systolic blood pressure is equal to or greater than 140mmHg or diastolic BP is equal to or greater than 90mmHg. The
Empowering ACOs: Leveraging Quality Management Tools for MIPS and BeyondHealth Catalyst
Join us as we delve into the crucial realm of quality reporting for MSSP (Medicare Shared Savings Program) Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs).
In this session, we will explore how a robust quality management solution can empower your organization to meet regulatory requirements and improve processes for MIPS reporting and internal quality programs. Learn how our MeasureAble application enables compliance and fosters continuous improvement.
2. INDICATIONS & C/I
• Artificial device whose front surface substitutes the
anterior surface of the cornea .
• Indications • Optical • Therapeutic • Preventive •
Diagnostic • Operative • Cosmetic • Occupational
• C/I: mentaly unsound,irresposible,unable to use
hands
:eye d/s
:occupational hazards
:Nerve palsy
:poor hygeine
3. TYPES OF CONTACT LENSES
Broadly : focons & filcons
Depending upon nature of material used
• Rigid non gas Permeable Lens :PMMA
• Rigid Gas Permeable Lens :CAB,silicone
• Hydrophilic Soft Lens :hydrogel lenses
5. RGP CL/SEMISOFT LENSES
• Rigid as PMMA,but o2 permeable.
• Materials used :cellulose acetate butyrate
:silicone,silicone acrylate
:styrene
:fluoropolymers
6. Rigid CL –adv & disadv
• Better Quality of vision
• Durable
• Deposit resistant
• Low risk of infection
• Less cost & easy handling
• Correction of astigmatism
• Modified in office
• Less comfortable & adaptable
• Over wearing->pain
• Spectacle blur
• Difficult to achieve on eye stability.
• Glare,photophobia
7. SOFT CL
• Made of hydrogel[co-polymerisation products of
hydrophilic monomers with ethylene glycol
dimethyl acrylate].
• Hydrogel lens materials :HEMA
:HEMA VP
:MMA-PVD
:Glycidyl methacrylate
8. Soft CL –adv & disadv
• Easy adaptation & comfortable wear.
• Over wear reactions less
• No spectacle blur
• More on eye stability
• Varible vn :spoilage,dehydration,deposits.
• Less durable
• Correction of astigmatism not good
• Deposits high
• No office modification possible
• Not suitable in tear film abn/l p/ts
• Handling difficult
• High cost
9. MANUFACTURING,DESIGN PRESCRIPTION
& PARAMETERS OF CL
• CL blank :sheet /rod of diameter 12.7 & 15.9 mm
: thickness 3.00 & 6.5 mm.
• Semifinished blank : blank with p.curve
• Semifinished lens : both a&p curvature polished
• Finished CL : individually adjusted 4 cornea
: diameter,edge,peripheral &
intermediate areas of posterior
surface modified
10. • Diameter 1. Overall diameter (OD)
PMMA:7.5-8 mm
RGP:9-9.8 mm
Soft CL:13-15 mm
2. Optic zone diameter (OZ)
11. CURVES
• Base curve (BC) or central posterior curve (CPC)
• Peripheral curves : 1. intermediate (IPC)
2. peripheral (PPC)
• Central anterior curve (CAC) or front curve (FC)
• Peripheral anterior curve (PAC)
• Intermediate anterior curve (IAC)
• Blend:smooth area of transition between radii of
curvatures
:light,medium,heavy
12. • Edge : Union of the Peri.Postr.C & Peri.Antr.C of lens
: edge lift-extend to which the most peripheral
curve differs from the base curve radius
• Power : Measured in terms of posterior vertex
power in diopters
• Thickness : Measured at the centre of the lens
: Varies depending upon the postr. vertex
power of the lens
• Tint :Color of the lens
13.
14. OPTICS OF CL
• Contact lens placed insitu has a thin fluid film in
between it & cornea & thus it eliminates surface
irregularity of cornea & cornea is no more a ref.
surface.
• Power of corneal surface is tear-air interface.
• Corneal RI :1.37,tear film RI: 1.333
• Tear lens neutralises almost 9/10th power of a.
corneal surface , it from +48D + 5.2 D.
• CL has a fluid lens & glass lens.
15. Correction of ammetropia
• Afocal lenses:
• correction is by different curvatures of fluid lens
surfaces,mainly back vertex power of fluid lens in
air(back +front surface power).
• Disadv:too many base curves needed
:poor fitting technique
• Powered lenses:
• correction is by different curvatures of contact lens
surfaces.
• P. surface curvature is already known & a.surface
curvature is decided based on an emperical
relationship to the corneal curvature.
16. Power & magnification of CL
• CL is placed on the vertex plane.so in myopes power of CL
needed is less & hyperopes needs power than their specs
power.
• +8 D specs 125 mm
• CL 125-13 =112 mm=+8.93 D
• CL produces a magnification of 7% in aphakia.
Influence of tear lens
• RGP & tear lens :power varies with BC of CL
• BC of CL =k plano power tear lens
• BC of CL steeper than k = +ve tear lens
• BC of CL flatter than k = - ve tear lens
• For every .05mm diff in BC of CL & k,power of tear lens is
0.25 D.
• Final CL power =SAM & FAP
17. CL & accomodation
• CL accomodative & convergence requirement of
myopic eyes and decrease those of hyperopic eyes
propotionally to the amount of their refractive
errors.
18. Fitting procedure 4 rigid CL
• H/O :r/o medical C/I
Reason 4 CL wearing
General & emotional status of p/t.
• Ocular examination:
s/l examination:conjunctival,limbal,corneal injection
TBUT
blink characteristics noted
measure – corneal diameter,pupil diameter & palpebral width
4 deciding CL diameter.
Refraction :retinoscopy,subjective refraction,back vertex
distance.
Keratometry 4 measuring corneal curvature in 2 principle
meridia
Trial lens fitting:with 2 diff diametre lenses of 0.25 D in BC.
19. • Diameter : 9mm in a p/t with avg corneal diameter &
palpebral aperture.
• BC usually flatter k reading.
• Astigmatism: BC is steeper than flatter k.
• 0.5-1 D BC 0.25 D steeper than flatter k.
• 1.0-2.0 D BC 0.5 D steeper than flatter k.
• >2D 1/3RD toricity shud b added to k 4 BC.
K1=44 K2=47, BC= 44 + [ 47-44]
3
• Power of trial lens=spectacle power in minus cylinder form
corrected 4 zero vertex distance.
Specs power : -9.25/+0.50x90⁰
Minus power form : -8.75/-0.50x 180⁰
Vertex distance : 15 mm
CL power : -7.75/ -0.50X180⁰
20. • After adaptation period evaluate trial lens for
• Position of lens: High ride
• Low ride
• Horizontal decentering
• BC determination :flat
:steep
:ideal
• Finalisation of diameter
• Finalisation of power
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26. • POST FITTING MANAGEMENT
• BC radius in mm
• Optic zone & overall diameter in mm
• First back peripheral zone in mm
• 1st & 2nd peripheral curve radius in mm.
• Power of the lens in D
• BC:OZD/1ST PC r:1ST BPZ/2ND PC r :overall diameter, power (D).
• EXAMINING ORDERED LENS:
• EVALUATION OF ORDERED LENS FIT
• EDUCATE THE P/T
care
wearing schedule
how to insert & remove
recentration
• POST FIT FOLLOWUP
27.
28.
29. SOFT CL FITTING
• CORNEAL DIAMETER: measured with transparent
ruler.
• : HVID
• TRIAL LENS FITTING :3 choices of BC & overall
diameter ids provided from which 1 is chosen.
• INITIAL TRIAL LENS SELECTION:BC
:overall diameter
:power
• EVALUATION OF TRIAL LENS FIT.
• POST FITTING P/T MANAGEMENT
• ORDERING SOFT LENSES
• EXAMINING ORDERED LENSES & EVALUATE FIT.
• EDUCATING P/T
30. EXTENDED WEAR LENSES
• Worn day n night even for months
EXTENDED SOFT CL
• Elderly p/ts with handling problems
• Young p/ts to avoid frequent handling
• Low compliance to DWL
• Irregular work shifts
• habitual over wearers
• eg: low,high ,medium water content lenses
EXTENDED RGP CL
• Metabolic,allergic,visual problems with soft CL
• toric bifocal /high plus/minus power lenses
31. DISPOSABLE CL
• Lenses used on daily wear basis,disinfected with H2O2
overnight & disposed weekly/fortnight.
• Adv:lens deposits,preservative induced
keratitis,infectious keratitis are less
THERAPEUTIC CL
• Wound healing,mechanical support,maintain surface
hydration in dry eyes,reduce corneal surface
disorders,as a drug delivery system
COSMETIC soft CL
• tinted cl used to alter the appearance of n/l eyes
• Used in disfigured cornea,vision disturbing conditions
needing CL,occlusion therapy,to change eye colour
32. Types of cosmetic CL
• Disadv:toxic effect of tint,corneal edema
,deposits,drying of lens,blanching of vessels