This document discusses several key considerations for providing eye care to elderly patients. It notes that the elderly population is one of the fastest growing internet users and will require more frequent eye exams. It highlights that aging brings natural changes to vision that should be addressed sensitively. Examinations and dispensing processes should be thorough and explain recommendations in detail while showing personal attention. Multiple pairs of eyewear are often needed to meet the varied visual needs of elderly patients for tasks like reading, computers, and driving. Lens material, coatings, and frame fit considerations are especially important for comfort.
Contact lens for congenital aphakia and other eye conditions for infants and toddlers. The slide presentation encompasses indications for CL fitting in paediatric, contact lens options, fitting techniques, challenges and contact lens as myopia control.
Contact lens for congenital aphakia and other eye conditions for infants and toddlers. The slide presentation encompasses indications for CL fitting in paediatric, contact lens options, fitting techniques, challenges and contact lens as myopia control.
Global Medical Cures™ | CATARACT (What you should know)
DISCLAIMER-
Global Medical Cures™ does not offer any medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or recommendations. Only your healthcare provider/physician can offer you information and recommendations for you to decide about your healthcare choices.
Global Medical Cures™ | CATARACT (What you should know)
DISCLAIMER-
Global Medical Cures™ does not offer any medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or recommendations. Only your healthcare provider/physician can offer you information and recommendations for you to decide about your healthcare choices.
Management of visual problems of Aging by Ashith Tripathi Ashith Tripathi
This presentation contains headings - Visual performance in the ageing eye
Routine optometric and ocular examination of an older adult:
History
Ocular health examination
Visual acuity measurement
Refraction
Binocular vision
Visual field measurement
Colour vision
Management of vision problems in older adults
Frame requirement
Lens requirements
And special instructions etc.
How Primary Care ODs can Profit from Pediatric PracticeDominick Maino
I wrote "How Primary Care ODs can Profit from Pediatric Practice" some time ago....but its basic premise is still true today and you may find this useful.
This month we welcomed our first Optical Forum Editorial Board wave of members. A lot of responsibilities await us in the future. With the help of diverse, competent, and qualified board members we are confident that a lot will also be accomplished.
September is healthy aging month. The risk of vision loss due to age-related macular degeneration should not be underestimated. Eye care professionals spend a significant amount of time consulting with patients and presenting to the community about ways to reduce the risk of eye diseases as we age. We repeatedly emphasize on regular yearly eye exam, healthy diet, protection against Ultra Violet sunlight, appropriate protection against light transmitted from electronic devices, etc.
At Optical Forum and during September we continued to post new original content on daily basis. This month’s topics revolved around Eye Health, Technology, Practice Management, Motivation, emotional intelligence, along with other topics of entrepreneurship, leadership, marketing, etc…
Pediatric Ophthalmic dispensing in different visual problemsRaju Kaiti
Pediatric dispensing, introduction, different from adult dispensing, frame selection, lens selection, special case fitting, Do's and Dont's, Measurements, Down's syndrome, albinism, aphakia, strabismus, syndromes
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
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The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
2. • A recent Internet statistical report stated that the fastest-growing population
segment using the Internet is seniors-defined as persons aged 55 or older.
• In fact, the growing involvement of seniors with the visually intense task of
computer use is expected to bring seniors back to their eyecare providers
more often and in larger numbers than ever.
3. • With statistics like these, now is a good time to re-evaluate how older
patients are processed in your practice or business.
• To help you do just that, let's take a look at how the visual needs of seniors
differ from those of the general population, the importance of addressing
their "wants" as well as their needs, and how catering to seniors can help a
practice or business prosper.
4. • Merely growing old doesn't assure that elders understand the subtle changes
that have taken place in their bodies (and eyes).
• Moreover, even when they do understand, they can be reluctant to accept
these changes. They often expect, and even demand, the same vision at 70
that they enjoyed when they were 20. Your job then becomes inform
informing them of these changes in their visual system...without being
offensive.
5. • This requires considerable empathy on the part of both doctor and
dispenser.
• One good way to do this is through use of the word "natural." Explain that
these changes in the patient's visual system are natural, simply a part of the
body's aging process and that you are prepared to provide answers to help
them cope with these changes.
6. • To do that, explain everything-during both the exam and the dispensing
process-and explain your recommendations in detail. Equally important,
don't take these people for granted.
• Though they may be reluctant to make it known, older people appreciate
personal attention. Give it to them and you'll see how influential they are in
steering others to those who impress them.
7. • The activities of an 85 year-old can be as different from the activities of a 65
year-old as those of a 40 year-old vary from the activities of a teenager.
• Recent statistics reveal that 35 percent of people over 65 are still working, so
it's important to inquire about occupational vision requirements at any age.
The same holds for activities.
8. Multiple Pair Possibilities
• As people age, their priorities change, and they are more likely to cater to
their personal needs and desires. This, plus more disposable income, creates a
customer who is more apt to spend extra for a second pair ... if you show
them it can make life more comfortable for them.
• In dealing with seniors, first- and second-pair recommendations should
cover: Frames, lenses, tints, computers, and supplemental glasses, as well as
home and office environments.
9. Lens decentration
• As people age, their skin loses elasticity and the fatty tissue under the skin
thins. This is particularly noticed on the nose where there is little cushioning
between skin and the bone or cartilage underneath.
• It helps to steer the patient toward frames that have a PD close to his or her
PD because excessive lens decentration only adds to eyewear weight.
10. Bridge and frame size.
• The way the bridge fits is important. With plastic frames, the bridge area
should be in contact with the nose over as broad an area as possible. And, of
course, be sure the frame provides sufficient room for a multifocal segment
or progressive channel.
11. Material considerations.
• Lightweight lens materials such as polycarbonate help, and lightweight
designs such as aspheric or atoric lenses help even more. Consider using
materials that can be surfaced to 1.0mm centers to produce the lightest
lenses.
12. Clip-on concerns.
• Many older people consider clip-ons to be the perfect answer for multiple
needs. While clip-ons offer convenience, they have one major disadvantage-
weight. Explain this is why you strongly recommend multiple pair rather than
clip-ons.
13. Tints and coatings.
• Glare is a common complaint of older people. Because of this, seniors
sometimes request a tint to help them when driving at night. A person with
20/20 vision during daylight hours drops to 20/32 at night.
• If you then add a #2 pink tint to their lenses, they now see only 20/40 at
night. The better answer, of course, is an anti-reflective coating. This boosts
light transmission for driving at night by 8 to 10 percent and provides the
best answer for elders. Eliminating annoying reflections at night is an added
plus.
14. Photochromic benefits
• Many older people see photochromic lenses as the most practical answer to
their visual needs. These can be a good choice, but several precautions
should accompany the dispensing of photochromics to seniors.
• The first regards wearing them while driving at night. Even in the lightened
state, photochromics do not transmit as much light as clear lenses, so
recommend that the lenses be AR-coated. They won't darken quite as much
in the sun, but they will transmit 8 to 10 percent more light at night. Also, be
sure to remind seniors that photochromics take time to lighten when coming
indoors.
15. • Sensitivity to light is a common problem. If your patient complains of such
sensitivity or suffers from age-related conditions such as macular
degeneration, cataracts, and glaucoma, Corning's CPF series of glass
photochromic lenses is a good choice. Be sure to emphasize that they are not
for driving at night.
16. Computer glasses.
• James Sheedy, O.D., Ph.D, is president of CVS Doctors and Doctor Ergo,
two Websites dealing with computer vision syndrome (CVS). He reports that
14 to 17 percent of all refractions are now prompted by CVS-related
complaints.
17. • Since virtually all seniors are presbyopic, their computer problems are usually
more complex than those of younger users. There is a variety of ways to
help presbyopes working at computers. In this regard, seniors don't differ
much from younger presbyopes.
18. Multiple pair.
• You have one major goal to accomplish with seniors, and that is to firmly
implant the idea that answering visual needs as people age requires more
than one pair of eyewear. One pair of glasses simply can't provide everything
they need for "natural" vision.
• Sheedy recommends advising seniors of their options regarding additional
eyewear and explaining the impact that each pair will have on their daily
visual activities. If they feel they can't afford what is required, they will let
you know; but at least they understand exactly what will be best serve their
visual needs.
19. Progressive Lenses
• If they aren't wearing PALs, don't be intimidated about suggesting them. In
describing PALs, stress their visual benefits over the cosmetic advantages.
• Even with experienced PAL wearers, it's important to keep in mind that
seniors have stronger add powers, producing smaller reading areas. To
explain this, prepare plot illustrations that show how the size of the add area
decreases with stronger adds. Explain that experienced progressive wearers
often keep a second pair of special reading glasses for many uses.
20. Special reading glasses.
• These are invaluable for seniors in a variety of settings: For prolonged near
work (hobbies or work-related); for prolonged reading; for working or
playing at computers.
• The best lenses to recommend for special reading glasses will be variable
focus lenses.
21. Other considerations
• Most home lighting is inadequate to the visual needs of older persons. This
need is best explained by the doctor during the refraction. It doesn't take
much time-just a reminder for the patient to carefully evaluate the lighting in
his or her home and probably replace a few lamps with stronger bulbs. It's
particularly important in areas of the home where the activities are visually
intense such as the living room or hobby area.
22. • Some seniors suffer from Parkinson's or arthritis, which can make reading
difficult. Suggest where they can find reading stands and other aids.
• Whatever their needs, seniors are increasingly sensitive (thanks partly to
managed care and HMOs) to being considered a minute part of a vast herd
of patients receiving inadequate attention to their needs. When they find an
eyecare professional who demonstrates care and concern for those needs,
they become loyal patients. And they make sure their families learn about
that eyecare provider.
23. • Plus, they often have more disposable income than in their youth, so when
you relate a purchase to their quality of life, they're usually interested.
• Practitioners who take time to develop a dedicated routine for addressing the
needs and wants of seniors will inevitably dispense more multiple eyewear to
older patients. This may well be the best investment you can make for the
future.