Urinary tract infections are caused by bacteria like E. coli entering the urinary tract. Women are more prone to UTIs, which can affect the urethra, bladder, ureters or kidneys. Common symptoms include urgency, frequent urination and abdominal or back pain. Diagnosis involves testing a urine sample for bacteria and white blood cells. Left untreated, UTIs during pregnancy can travel to the kidneys due to hormonal changes. Proper treatment uses antibiotics to resolve the infection.

1. Castillo Garcia Mariela
Leal Garcia Cesar
Treviño Rodriguez Karen Alejandra

3. Infections are caused by
microbes, including fungi, viruses, and
bacteria.
Normally, bacteria that
enter the urinary tract are
rapidly removed by the
body before they cause symptoms.
Women tend to have UTI more often than
men.

4. •Urinary tract infections are the second
most common type of infection in the
body.
-Urethra: urethritis
-Bladder: cystitis
-Ureters: ureteritis
-Kidneys: pyelonephritis

5. Common pathogens UTI:
 Proteus mirabilis
Klebsiella
E. coli
Enterococci
Enterobacter
Most UTIs are caused by bacteria that
live in the bowel. The bacterium
Escherichia coli causes the vast majority
of UTIs.

6. Symptoms
 Urgency
Frequency of micturition
Pain in the abdomen
Pain on one side of the back
under the ribs.
Fever
Nausea
Vomiting

7. UTI during
pregnancy
According to some
reports, about 4 to 5
percent of pregnant
women develop a UTI.
Scientists think that
hormonal changes and
shifts in the position of the
urinary tract during
pregnancy make it easier
for bacteria to travel up
the ureters to the kidneys
and cause infection.
-routinely screen pregnant
women for bacteria in the
urine.

8. Diagnosis
To find out whether a person has a
UTI, the health care provider will ask
about urinary symptoms and then
test a sample of urine for the
presence of bacteria and white
blood cells.

9. Is a genetic disorder characterized
by the growth of numerous cysts in
the kidneys
50%
Autosomal dominant PKD + :
Symptoms usually develop
between the ages of 30 and 40, but
they can begin earlier even in
childhood. (90%)
Autosomal recessive PKD - :
Symptoms can begin in the earliest
months of life, even in the womb.
25%

10. Pain in the back
and the sides
between the ribs
and hips
Headaches
The pain can be
temporary or
persistent, mild
or severe.
 Urinary tract infections
 Hematuria
 Liver and pancreatic
cysts
 Abnormal heart valves
 High blood pressure
 Kidney stones
 Aneurysms in the brain
 Diverticulosis
 Pregnancy
complications
 Loss of kidney function

11. Ultrasound
examination
Computerized
tomography scan
Magnetic
resonance
imaging
Genetic testing

12. PKD has no cure. Treatments
include:
 Medicine to control high
blood pressure
 Medicine and surgery to
reduce pain
 Antibiotics to resolve
infections
 Dialysis to replace functions
of failed kidneys
 Kidney transplantation

13. Renal calculi; Stones kidney

14.  Definition
A kidney stone is a solid mass made up of tiny crystals. One or more stones
can be in the kidney or ureter at the same time.
 Kidney stones are a common cause of blood in the urine and pain in the
abdomen, flank, or groin. Kidney stones occur in 1 of 20 people at some time
in their life.

15. WHERE IS THE STONE?
 kidney (nephrolithiasis)
 Ureter (ureterolithiasis)
 Bladder (cystolithiasis)

16.  Symptoms
The main symptom is severe pain that starts suddenly
 Pain may be felt in the belly area or side of the back
 Pain may move to groin area (groin pain)
Other symptoms can include:
 Abnormal urine color
 Blood in the urine
 Chills
 Fever
 Nausea
 Vomiting

17. Prevention
If you have a history of
stones, drink plenty of fluids (6 - 8
glasses of water per day) to
produce enough urine.
Depending on the type of
stone, you might need to take
medications or other measures to
prevent the stones from returning.