The document discusses neural communication and the biology of the mind. It explains that neurons transmit messages through neurotransmitters at synapses between neurons. Different neurotransmitters influence mood, memory, and abilities. Drugs and chemicals can mimic or block neurotransmitters. The nervous system consists of the central and peripheral systems. The peripheral system includes the somatic and autonomic systems. The autonomic system has sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. The endocrine system is a slower chemical system that transmits hormones through the bloodstream to distant tissues and organs.
The document describes temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). It provides background on a friend who was diagnosed with TLE four years ago, including his symptoms of recurrent seizures lasting 1-2 minutes with staring, lip smacking and confusion. It defines epilepsy as recurrent spontaneous seizures and TLE as originating in the temporal lobe, often causing motor, emotional and memory issues. It then discusses the nervous system structures involved in TLE, including neurons, neurotransmitters, the temporal lobe regions, hippocampus and autonomic nervous system. It outlines functions impaired in TLE such as neural signaling, cognition, perception, autonomic functions and sensory sensations.
This document discusses the biological basis of psychology. It begins by outlining the basic units and organization of the nervous system, including neurons, nerves, synapses, and the central and peripheral nervous systems. It then describes the hierarchical structure of the brain, including the central core, limbic system, and cerebral cortex. Key areas and functions of the cerebral cortex are also identified. The document goes on to explain neural transmission and the autonomic nervous system. It concludes by briefly discussing the endocrine system and some major glands like the pituitary and adrenal glands.
Everything related to human psychology has a biological basis in the nervous system, specifically the brain and neurons. Neurons communicate with each other via electrical impulses and synaptic transmission to carry out functions like processing sensory information, memory, speech, problem-solving, and more. Key areas of the brain include the cerebral cortex, corpus callosum, Broca's area, Wernicke's area, and prefrontal cortex, each involved in distinct cognitive and mental processes.
The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, sensory organs, and all of the nerves that connect these organs with the rest of the body. Together, these organs are responsible for the control of the body and communication among its parts.
This document discusses the biological basis of behavior, including the structure and function of neurons, neurotransmission, and the nervous system. It describes how neurons communicate via electrical and chemical signals to transmit information throughout the brain and body. Specifically, it outlines how neurons, glial cells, neurotransmitters, and the endocrine system all contribute to human behavior and psychological processes.
The document discusses the structure and function of the nervous system. It describes the central nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system, which relays messages between the central nervous system and the rest of the body. It then discusses the basic unit of the nervous system, the neuron, including its main parts like dendrites, the cell body, and axon. It also explains how neurons communicate electrically within themselves and chemically between each other using neurotransmitters. Imaging techniques like EEG, CT, MRI, fMRI, and PET are also summarized that are used to study the brain.
This document provides an overview of the key concepts in chapter 2 of the biology of the mind textbook. It discusses the building blocks of the mind including neurons and how they communicate via neurotransmitters. It describes the major structures and functions of the nervous system including the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, and autonomic nervous system. Key areas of the brain are also outlined such as the brainstem, limbic system, cerebral cortex, and lobes. Investigation techniques for studying the brain like lesions, brain imaging, and stimulation are summarized.
The document summarizes key concepts in neuroscience and behavior, including:
1) Plato correctly placed the mind in the brain, while Aristotle believed it was in the heart. Today we understand mind and brain are interconnected.
2) In the 1800s Franz Gall suggested bumps on the skull represented mental abilities, introducing the idea that abilities are modular in the brain.
3) Neurons are the basic building blocks of the nervous system and communicate via electrical and chemical signals.
4) The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system, while sensory and motor neurons comprise the peripheral nervous system.
The document describes temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). It provides background on a friend who was diagnosed with TLE four years ago, including his symptoms of recurrent seizures lasting 1-2 minutes with staring, lip smacking and confusion. It defines epilepsy as recurrent spontaneous seizures and TLE as originating in the temporal lobe, often causing motor, emotional and memory issues. It then discusses the nervous system structures involved in TLE, including neurons, neurotransmitters, the temporal lobe regions, hippocampus and autonomic nervous system. It outlines functions impaired in TLE such as neural signaling, cognition, perception, autonomic functions and sensory sensations.
This document discusses the biological basis of psychology. It begins by outlining the basic units and organization of the nervous system, including neurons, nerves, synapses, and the central and peripheral nervous systems. It then describes the hierarchical structure of the brain, including the central core, limbic system, and cerebral cortex. Key areas and functions of the cerebral cortex are also identified. The document goes on to explain neural transmission and the autonomic nervous system. It concludes by briefly discussing the endocrine system and some major glands like the pituitary and adrenal glands.
Everything related to human psychology has a biological basis in the nervous system, specifically the brain and neurons. Neurons communicate with each other via electrical impulses and synaptic transmission to carry out functions like processing sensory information, memory, speech, problem-solving, and more. Key areas of the brain include the cerebral cortex, corpus callosum, Broca's area, Wernicke's area, and prefrontal cortex, each involved in distinct cognitive and mental processes.
The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, sensory organs, and all of the nerves that connect these organs with the rest of the body. Together, these organs are responsible for the control of the body and communication among its parts.
This document discusses the biological basis of behavior, including the structure and function of neurons, neurotransmission, and the nervous system. It describes how neurons communicate via electrical and chemical signals to transmit information throughout the brain and body. Specifically, it outlines how neurons, glial cells, neurotransmitters, and the endocrine system all contribute to human behavior and psychological processes.
The document discusses the structure and function of the nervous system. It describes the central nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system, which relays messages between the central nervous system and the rest of the body. It then discusses the basic unit of the nervous system, the neuron, including its main parts like dendrites, the cell body, and axon. It also explains how neurons communicate electrically within themselves and chemically between each other using neurotransmitters. Imaging techniques like EEG, CT, MRI, fMRI, and PET are also summarized that are used to study the brain.
This document provides an overview of the key concepts in chapter 2 of the biology of the mind textbook. It discusses the building blocks of the mind including neurons and how they communicate via neurotransmitters. It describes the major structures and functions of the nervous system including the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, and autonomic nervous system. Key areas of the brain are also outlined such as the brainstem, limbic system, cerebral cortex, and lobes. Investigation techniques for studying the brain like lesions, brain imaging, and stimulation are summarized.
The document summarizes key concepts in neuroscience and behavior, including:
1) Plato correctly placed the mind in the brain, while Aristotle believed it was in the heart. Today we understand mind and brain are interconnected.
2) In the 1800s Franz Gall suggested bumps on the skull represented mental abilities, introducing the idea that abilities are modular in the brain.
3) Neurons are the basic building blocks of the nervous system and communicate via electrical and chemical signals.
4) The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system, while sensory and motor neurons comprise the peripheral nervous system.
Introduction to CNS Pharmacology, with Anatomy and physiology of CNS, mode of neuro-transmission via action potential and role of major neurotransmitter in the brain with drug design pharmacology of CNS drugs.
The document discusses the structure and function of neurons and the nervous system. It notes that neurons are the basic building blocks and come in three types: sensory, motor, and interneurons. It describes the parts of neurons and how they communicate via action potentials. The central topics covered include the brain and its major parts like the cerebral cortex, limbic system, and how scanning technologies provide insights into brain function.
The nervous system is composed of nerve cells and neurons that collect sensory information, integrate it, and coordinate responses. The basic functional unit is the neuron, which transmits electrochemical signals. There are three main types: sensory, motor, and interneurons. The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system (nerves). The peripheral system connects the central system to the rest of the body. Sensory input is processed and motor responses are generated to coordinate organismal functions.
lecture 5 from a college level introduction to psychology course taught Fall 2011 by Brian J. Piper, Ph.D. (psy391@gmail.com) at Willamette University, includes Golgi, Cajal, parts of the neuron, action potentials, synapse, neurotransmitters, agonist, antagonist, parts of the nervous system
This document provides an overview of the brain and biological psychology. It begins with an introduction to the major parts of the brain including structures like the cerebrum, cerebellum, hypothalamus, and amygdala. Later lessons discuss the lobes of the cerebral cortex, split brain research, neurons, and neurotransmitters. It also distinguishes between the nervous and endocrine systems. The document aims to explain how biological processes and systems impact human behavior.
The central nervous system (CNS) is made up of the brain and spinal cord. The brain controls most body functions, including awareness, movements, sensations, thoughts, speech and memory. The spinal cord is connected to the brain at the brain stem and is covered by the vertebrae of the spine.
The document discusses the connection between the mind and body. It explains that thoughts and feelings can influence physical health and behavior, and physical states can also impact mental health and cognition. It then focuses on the brain and nervous system, describing neurons, neurotransmitters, and how neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin are involved in functions like movement, mood, and mental illnesses. The central and peripheral nervous systems are outlined, including the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions that work to activate and relax the body.
This document provides an overview of the biological foundations of psychology, including neurons, the nervous system, brain anatomy and functions, and the endocrine system. It discusses the basic elements and types of neurons, how they fire via the all-or-none principle and action potentials. It describes the roles of synapses and neurotransmitters in neural communication. It outlines the major regions and lobes of the brain, including the functions of the frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital lobes. Finally, it summarizes the major endocrine glands and hormones that regulate growth, metabolism, reproduction and stress responses.
The document provides an overview of the biological perspective and the nervous system. It discusses the structure and function of neurons, nerves, and the nervous tissue. It describes the nervous system as a network of specialized cells that carry information throughout the body. It also summarizes the key parts of the nervous system including the central nervous system made up of the brain and spinal cord, as well as the peripheral nervous system. It outlines the somatic and autonomic nervous systems and their functions in controlling voluntary and involuntary actions.
NERVOUS REGULATION OF FUNCTIONS . EXCITATION AND INHIBITION IN CNSDeep Patel
This document provides an overview of nervous regulation of functions, including central nervous system excitation and inhibition. It discusses regulatory systems and feedback mechanisms that maintain homeostasis. The key points are:
- The nervous system provides rapid control of body functions through the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.
- Neurons are the basic structural and functional units, receiving and integrating sensory information and generating motor responses.
- Reflexes are basic response circuits involving afferent neurons, central processing, and efferent motor output. Reflexes coordinate to regulate functions.
- The central nervous system exhibits properties like summation and transformation that allow complex processing and integration of sensory information to coordinate motor functions.
The document provides information about the central nervous system. It discusses that the central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord. It then describes the three main parts of the brain - the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. For each part, it lists their locations and main functions. The forebrain controls complex functions like thinking and memory. The midbrain is involved in movement and sensory processing. The hindbrain controls basic functions vital for survival like breathing and heart rate.
The document provides information about the structure and function of neurons and the nervous system. It defines the main parts of a neuron including the soma, dendrites, axon and terminal buttons. It describes how neurons communicate via action potentials and neurotransmitters at synapses. Sensory, motor and interneurons are discussed. The main divisions and structures of the central nervous system are outlined including the forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain. The functions of key structures like the cerebral cortex, limbic system, basal ganglia, thalamus and hypothalamus are summarized.
This document discusses sensation and perception. It defines sensation as the process by which the senses gather information and send it to the brain. Perception refers to how we interpret what we sense. There are several key points made: sensation occurs when sensory organs absorb stimuli and sensory receptors send neural impulses to the brain; perception follows as the brain organizes this information into something meaningful. The document also discusses thresholds, selective attention, sensory adaptation, and how sensation and perception work together in processing the environment.
physiology of Sensory nervous system, updated 2021dina merzeban
This document discusses the sensory system. It begins by defining the main components of the sensory system - sensory receptors, sensory pathways, and the somatic sensory cortex. It then goes into detail about the different types of sensory receptors, including their classification, properties, and the sensations they detect. It describes the pathways that sensory signals travel through to reach the brain, including the dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway and spinothalamic pathway. It concludes by discussing sensory coding and the areas of the cortex involved in processing sensory information.
One of the greatest gift of Allah. The brain and its impact on the living existence is also great. The function and malfunction of brain can effect our behavior. In this presentation we try to cover certain angles of brain which have a direct or indirect influence on our behavior.
The document summarizes key concepts related to the sensory system and pain perception. It discusses:
- The basic process of sensation from receptor stimulation to brain interpretation
- Adaptation of sensory receptors to continuous stimulation
- Organization and processing of sensory information at the receptor, circuit, and perceptual levels in the somatosensory system
- Ascending pathways that transmit sensory information from receptors to the brain
- Theories of pain perception including specificity, pattern, and gate control theories
- Modulation and inhibition of pain at different levels including presynaptic inhibition and descending pathways from the brain
The document summarizes key aspects of brain structure and function in 3 paragraphs or less:
The brainstem controls automatic functions like breathing and heart rate. The cerebellum aids in movement coordination and balance. The limbic system processes emotions and memories. The cerebral cortex is the brain's control center, with different lobes having distinct functions - frontal lobe for planning, parietal for senses, occipital for vision, and temporal for hearing. Within the cortex, specialized areas control motor skills, language processing, and other cognitive abilities. The brain is plastic and can reorganize over time based on experiences. Sensory systems like vision, hearing, touch, taste and smell detect environmental inputs which the brain interprets as perceptions
The document provides an overview of the brain and its functions. It discusses that the brain is composed of different parts that work together to control movements, thoughts, emotions and behaviors. It also notes that the brain receives support and protection from other body parts like blood vessels, the skull and membranes. The document then describes the main sections of the brain - the hindbrain, midbrain and forebrain - and provides details on the roles and structures within each section. It also discusses neurons, neurotransmitters and how they facilitate communication within the brain and nervous system.
The document provides an overview of the nervous system, including its structure and function. It discusses the key components of the nervous system such as neurons, glial cells, the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, and neurons and synapses. It describes the nervous system's role in controlling the body by processing sensory information and coordinating responses. The document also examines neural circuits and systems, as well as reflexes and other stimulus-response circuits in the nervous system.
The document provides an overview of the nervous system, including:
1. It describes the organization and main components of the nervous system, including neurons, neuroglia, nerves, and the central and peripheral nervous systems.
2. It explains the functions of the nervous system in sensation, motor control, and higher cognitive processes. It also describes the types of sensory receptors and motor responses.
3. It provides details on the structure and function of neurons, neurotransmission, and the generation and propagation of nerve impulses through neurons.
The document provides an overview of neurobiology, including:
- The central and peripheral nervous systems are composed of neurons and glial cells. Neurons transmit messages while glial cells provide support.
- Neurons have a cell body, dendrites, axon, and axon terminals. The axon transmits signals and the terminals release neurotransmitters.
- The brain is organized into regions including the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem. The cerebrum is divided into lobes and hemispheres.
- Neurotransmission can be electrical or chemical. Chemical neurotransmission involves the release and binding of neurotransmitters like glutamate, GABA, serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine.
Introduction to CNS Pharmacology, with Anatomy and physiology of CNS, mode of neuro-transmission via action potential and role of major neurotransmitter in the brain with drug design pharmacology of CNS drugs.
The document discusses the structure and function of neurons and the nervous system. It notes that neurons are the basic building blocks and come in three types: sensory, motor, and interneurons. It describes the parts of neurons and how they communicate via action potentials. The central topics covered include the brain and its major parts like the cerebral cortex, limbic system, and how scanning technologies provide insights into brain function.
The nervous system is composed of nerve cells and neurons that collect sensory information, integrate it, and coordinate responses. The basic functional unit is the neuron, which transmits electrochemical signals. There are three main types: sensory, motor, and interneurons. The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system (nerves). The peripheral system connects the central system to the rest of the body. Sensory input is processed and motor responses are generated to coordinate organismal functions.
lecture 5 from a college level introduction to psychology course taught Fall 2011 by Brian J. Piper, Ph.D. (psy391@gmail.com) at Willamette University, includes Golgi, Cajal, parts of the neuron, action potentials, synapse, neurotransmitters, agonist, antagonist, parts of the nervous system
This document provides an overview of the brain and biological psychology. It begins with an introduction to the major parts of the brain including structures like the cerebrum, cerebellum, hypothalamus, and amygdala. Later lessons discuss the lobes of the cerebral cortex, split brain research, neurons, and neurotransmitters. It also distinguishes between the nervous and endocrine systems. The document aims to explain how biological processes and systems impact human behavior.
The central nervous system (CNS) is made up of the brain and spinal cord. The brain controls most body functions, including awareness, movements, sensations, thoughts, speech and memory. The spinal cord is connected to the brain at the brain stem and is covered by the vertebrae of the spine.
The document discusses the connection between the mind and body. It explains that thoughts and feelings can influence physical health and behavior, and physical states can also impact mental health and cognition. It then focuses on the brain and nervous system, describing neurons, neurotransmitters, and how neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin are involved in functions like movement, mood, and mental illnesses. The central and peripheral nervous systems are outlined, including the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions that work to activate and relax the body.
This document provides an overview of the biological foundations of psychology, including neurons, the nervous system, brain anatomy and functions, and the endocrine system. It discusses the basic elements and types of neurons, how they fire via the all-or-none principle and action potentials. It describes the roles of synapses and neurotransmitters in neural communication. It outlines the major regions and lobes of the brain, including the functions of the frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital lobes. Finally, it summarizes the major endocrine glands and hormones that regulate growth, metabolism, reproduction and stress responses.
The document provides an overview of the biological perspective and the nervous system. It discusses the structure and function of neurons, nerves, and the nervous tissue. It describes the nervous system as a network of specialized cells that carry information throughout the body. It also summarizes the key parts of the nervous system including the central nervous system made up of the brain and spinal cord, as well as the peripheral nervous system. It outlines the somatic and autonomic nervous systems and their functions in controlling voluntary and involuntary actions.
NERVOUS REGULATION OF FUNCTIONS . EXCITATION AND INHIBITION IN CNSDeep Patel
This document provides an overview of nervous regulation of functions, including central nervous system excitation and inhibition. It discusses regulatory systems and feedback mechanisms that maintain homeostasis. The key points are:
- The nervous system provides rapid control of body functions through the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.
- Neurons are the basic structural and functional units, receiving and integrating sensory information and generating motor responses.
- Reflexes are basic response circuits involving afferent neurons, central processing, and efferent motor output. Reflexes coordinate to regulate functions.
- The central nervous system exhibits properties like summation and transformation that allow complex processing and integration of sensory information to coordinate motor functions.
The document provides information about the central nervous system. It discusses that the central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord. It then describes the three main parts of the brain - the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. For each part, it lists their locations and main functions. The forebrain controls complex functions like thinking and memory. The midbrain is involved in movement and sensory processing. The hindbrain controls basic functions vital for survival like breathing and heart rate.
The document provides information about the structure and function of neurons and the nervous system. It defines the main parts of a neuron including the soma, dendrites, axon and terminal buttons. It describes how neurons communicate via action potentials and neurotransmitters at synapses. Sensory, motor and interneurons are discussed. The main divisions and structures of the central nervous system are outlined including the forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain. The functions of key structures like the cerebral cortex, limbic system, basal ganglia, thalamus and hypothalamus are summarized.
This document discusses sensation and perception. It defines sensation as the process by which the senses gather information and send it to the brain. Perception refers to how we interpret what we sense. There are several key points made: sensation occurs when sensory organs absorb stimuli and sensory receptors send neural impulses to the brain; perception follows as the brain organizes this information into something meaningful. The document also discusses thresholds, selective attention, sensory adaptation, and how sensation and perception work together in processing the environment.
physiology of Sensory nervous system, updated 2021dina merzeban
This document discusses the sensory system. It begins by defining the main components of the sensory system - sensory receptors, sensory pathways, and the somatic sensory cortex. It then goes into detail about the different types of sensory receptors, including their classification, properties, and the sensations they detect. It describes the pathways that sensory signals travel through to reach the brain, including the dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway and spinothalamic pathway. It concludes by discussing sensory coding and the areas of the cortex involved in processing sensory information.
One of the greatest gift of Allah. The brain and its impact on the living existence is also great. The function and malfunction of brain can effect our behavior. In this presentation we try to cover certain angles of brain which have a direct or indirect influence on our behavior.
The document summarizes key concepts related to the sensory system and pain perception. It discusses:
- The basic process of sensation from receptor stimulation to brain interpretation
- Adaptation of sensory receptors to continuous stimulation
- Organization and processing of sensory information at the receptor, circuit, and perceptual levels in the somatosensory system
- Ascending pathways that transmit sensory information from receptors to the brain
- Theories of pain perception including specificity, pattern, and gate control theories
- Modulation and inhibition of pain at different levels including presynaptic inhibition and descending pathways from the brain
The document summarizes key aspects of brain structure and function in 3 paragraphs or less:
The brainstem controls automatic functions like breathing and heart rate. The cerebellum aids in movement coordination and balance. The limbic system processes emotions and memories. The cerebral cortex is the brain's control center, with different lobes having distinct functions - frontal lobe for planning, parietal for senses, occipital for vision, and temporal for hearing. Within the cortex, specialized areas control motor skills, language processing, and other cognitive abilities. The brain is plastic and can reorganize over time based on experiences. Sensory systems like vision, hearing, touch, taste and smell detect environmental inputs which the brain interprets as perceptions
The document provides an overview of the brain and its functions. It discusses that the brain is composed of different parts that work together to control movements, thoughts, emotions and behaviors. It also notes that the brain receives support and protection from other body parts like blood vessels, the skull and membranes. The document then describes the main sections of the brain - the hindbrain, midbrain and forebrain - and provides details on the roles and structures within each section. It also discusses neurons, neurotransmitters and how they facilitate communication within the brain and nervous system.
The document provides an overview of the nervous system, including its structure and function. It discusses the key components of the nervous system such as neurons, glial cells, the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, and neurons and synapses. It describes the nervous system's role in controlling the body by processing sensory information and coordinating responses. The document also examines neural circuits and systems, as well as reflexes and other stimulus-response circuits in the nervous system.
The document provides an overview of the nervous system, including:
1. It describes the organization and main components of the nervous system, including neurons, neuroglia, nerves, and the central and peripheral nervous systems.
2. It explains the functions of the nervous system in sensation, motor control, and higher cognitive processes. It also describes the types of sensory receptors and motor responses.
3. It provides details on the structure and function of neurons, neurotransmission, and the generation and propagation of nerve impulses through neurons.
The document provides an overview of neurobiology, including:
- The central and peripheral nervous systems are composed of neurons and glial cells. Neurons transmit messages while glial cells provide support.
- Neurons have a cell body, dendrites, axon, and axon terminals. The axon transmits signals and the terminals release neurotransmitters.
- The brain is organized into regions including the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem. The cerebrum is divided into lobes and hemispheres.
- Neurotransmission can be electrical or chemical. Chemical neurotransmission involves the release and binding of neurotransmitters like glutamate, GABA, serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine.
Neurology is a clinical discipline that developed in the 18th century to study the nervous system. It uses specialized investigation methods and has distinguished various neurological disorders. The nervous system regulates and coordinates the organism's activity and interaction with the external environment through interconnected nerve structures. It consists of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system. The brain and spinal cord develop from ectoderm and mesoderm tissues during embryogenesis. Neurological examinations evaluate mental status, cranial nerves, motor strength, sensation, reflexes, coordination and gait to localize pathology. Neurological disorders are common causes of illness and can affect the brain, spinal cord or nerves.
Neurological Basis Of Behavior Presentation.pptxMahekShaikh72
The document discusses neurons, synapses, and neurotransmitters. It begins by describing the structure of neurons including dendrites, cell body, and axon. There are two main types of synapses - electrical and chemical. Chemical synapses transmit signals across a synaptic cleft using neurotransmitters stored in synaptic vesicles. The central and peripheral nervous systems are described along with their components like the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Key neurotransmitters are discussed and how they work by being released from neurons and binding to receptors on target cells to trigger actions.
Peripheral Nervous System, Audumbar MaliAudumbar Mali
Peripheral Nervous System,
Types of PNS,
Spinal nerves,
Types of neuron (3 basic types),
Plexus,
Cranial nerves,
Autonomic nervous system,
Structure of Neuron,
Human Anatomy and Physiology-I,
Syllabus As per PCI,
B. Pharm-I
General Physiology - The nervous system, basic functions of synapsesHamzeh AlBattikhi
The document summarizes the organization and functions of the nervous system. It discusses the following key points:
1. The central nervous system contains over 100 billion neurons with dendrites that receive signals and axons that transmit signals in a forward direction via synapses.
2. There are three major levels of the central nervous system - the spinal cord level controls basic reflexes, the lower brain/subcortical level controls subconscious functions, and the higher brain/cortical level is responsible for thought processes and stores memories.
3. Synaptic transmission occurs either chemically via neurotransmitters like acetylcholine and glutamate, or electrically through direct connections. Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles and released
The document discusses the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system. It describes the main components of the nervous system including neurons, glial cells, and nerves. It explains the structure and function of the central nervous system including the brainstem, cerebellum, diencephalon, and cerebrum. It also discusses disorders that can affect the nervous system such as multiple sclerosis, tumors, strokes, and seizures. Various imaging techniques used to study the brain are also outlined such as EEG, CT scans, MRI, and PET scans.
The nervous system is made up of the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system (CNS) is made up of the brain and spinal cord. The brain controls most body functions, including awareness, movements, sensations, thoughts, speech and memory.
Human Anatomy and Physiology 1 - Chapter 7 and 8.pptxRuchithChandeepa
This document provides an overview of the nervous system and its components. It discusses the structure and function of the central nervous system including the brain and spinal cord. It describes the peripheral nervous system including nerves, ganglia and the autonomic nervous system. It covers the properties of neurons and neuroglia. Specific topics covered include the spinal cord and spinal nerves, reflexes, and the special senses.
The autonomic nervous system is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The sympathetic system originates from the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord and generally increases heart rate and constricts blood vessels. The parasympathetic system originates from the brainstem and sacral spinal cord and generally decreases heart rate and dilates blood vessels. Both systems work in opposition to regulate organ functions through cholinergic and adrenergic receptors.
This document provides an overview of neuropharmacology and neurotransmission. It defines neuropharmacology and describes the two main branches. It explains what neurotransmission is and how it works, describing the role of neurons, neurotransmitters, and the mechanism of neurotransmission. It discusses different types of neurons, neurotransmitters like acetylcholine and dopamine, and conditions they are involved in like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. The document also provides interesting facts about neurons and neurotransmitters. It concludes with a recent discovery about how endocannabinoids travel in the brain to reach receptors.
This document discusses the structure and function of neurons. It begins by introducing neurons as the basic building blocks of the nervous system that transmit electrochemical messages. Neurons have dendrites for receiving connections, a cell body for protein production, and an axon covered by a myelin sheath for signal transmission. Neurons can be classified structurally as unipolar, bipolar, or multipolar and functionally as sensory, motor, or interneurons. The primary function of neurons is communication between neurons and other cells by carrying electrical and chemical signals throughout the body to coordinate functions. Some neuronal disorders like Alzheimer's are currently incurable but research seeks treatments.
The nervous system is composed of the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord, while the peripheral nervous system connects the central nervous system to other parts of the body. The nervous system allows for complexity, integration, adaptability, and electrochemical transmission of signals through neurons and neurotransmitters. It processes information through sensory input and motor output.
This document provides an overview of the structure and function of the nervous system. It discusses the basic unit of the nervous system, the neuron, including its three main parts - the axon, dendrites, and cell body. It describes how neurons communicate within the body via electrical signaling and the release and reception of neurotransmitters. The document also outlines the major divisions and structures of the central and peripheral nervous systems, including the brain lobes and key areas like the hypothalamus and amygdala. Additionally, it notes differences in brain organization and function between gender and the two hemispheres.
Overview of nervous system,mental healthvelveenamaran
The document provides an overview of the nervous system presented by M. Velveena for their 1st year MSC course. It begins with an introduction to the basic functions and components of the nervous system. It then describes the main cell types - neurons and neuroglial cells. It discusses the central nervous system which contains the brain and spinal cord. The brain is divided into the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. Each of these sections and their subsections are described in detail. The peripheral nervous system is also introduced. In closing, a brief overview of the spinal cord is provided.
Coordination & Response Part 1 - The Nervous SystemNirmala Josephine
The document provides information about the coordination and response system in biology. It discusses the following key points:
- Living organisms respond to stimuli in their internal and external environments through coordination between different body systems. The nervous and endocrine systems play major roles in coordination.
- Stimuli are changes in the environment that are detected by sensory receptors and elicit responses. There are internal and external stimuli.
- The nervous system detects stimuli and coordinates responses. It has three main parts: sensory receptors, an integrating center (brain and spinal cord), and effectors.
- The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord. The brain is divided into different regions that control various functions like movement, sensation, thinking,
Nervous tissue is composed of neurons and glial cells and is found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. It coordinates and controls many body functions through electrical signals transmitted between neurons. Neurons have a cell body and branching dendrites that receive signals and a long axon that transmits signals. Glial cells support neuron function. The central nervous system contains neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and ependymal cells. The peripheral nervous system contains neurons, satellite cells, and Schwann cells. Neurons are classified based on their function as sensory, motor, or interneurons and by their structure as multipolar, bipolar, pseudounipolar, or
This document discusses different types of therapies used to treat psychological disorders. It describes the differences between psychotherapy, which uses psychological techniques, and biomedical therapy, which uses prescribed medications or procedures to directly impact physiology. Several major psychotherapy approaches are then outlined, including psychoanalysis, psychodynamic therapy, humanistic therapies, behavior therapy, cognitive therapy, and family/group therapies. The techniques and goals of each approach are defined. The document also evaluates the effectiveness of psychotherapy in general.
This document provides an overview of psychological disorders that will be discussed in Part 16, including:
- Classifying and differentiating between anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, depressive disorders, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, dissociative disorders, personality disorders, eating disorders, and antisocial personality disorder.
- Explaining the symptoms associated with each disorder such as hallucinations, delusions, disturbances in thoughts/behaviors, and mood changes.
- Noting the influences of brain abnormalities, genetics, and environment on several disorders like schizophrenia.
The document discusses several theories of personality, including:
- Psychoanalytic theory, which views personality as formed by unconscious drives and childhood experiences. Key aspects include the unconscious mind, defense mechanisms, and Freud's psychosexual stages.
- Humanistic theories, which focus on self-actualization and fulfillment rather than disorders. Important figures included Maslow and Rogers.
- Trait theories, which describe personality in terms of patterns of behavior and traits that can be measured via self-reports. Factor analysis is used to identify core personality traits.
This document provides an overview of key topics in social psychology, including:
- Social psychologists study social influences on behavior and how people explain their own and others' actions using attribution theory.
- Conformity experiments demonstrate how social influence can affect judgments and behavior. Obedience studies show people often follow unjustified orders from authorities.
- Prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination can negatively impact individuals based on their social groups.
- Proximity, physical attractiveness, and similarity influence attraction and relationship formation according to social psychology research.
- Altruism and helping behavior are driven by situational and dispositional factors like the bystander effect.
1) The document discusses emotions, stress, and health. It describes how emotions involve a mix of bodily arousal, expressive behaviors, and conscious experiences like thoughts and feelings.
2) While there are subtle differences in brain activity for some emotions, these differences cannot be easily seen through measures of heart rate, breathing, and perspiration.
3) Most humans are good at detecting nonverbal cues of emotions in others. Experience can make people more sensitive to detecting certain emotions through gestures, facial expressions, and voice tones.
This document discusses different theories of human motivation from a psychological perspective. It describes Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, which proposes that people are motivated to fulfill basic needs for physiological survival and security before pursuing higher-level needs for love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization. The document outlines Maslow's hierarchy, which forms a pyramid from lowest to highest level of needs as: 1) hunger, 2) sex, 3) need to belong, and 4) motivation at work. It also briefly summarizes other theories of motivation including instinct, drive-reduction, and arousal theories.
This document discusses various aspects of thinking and problem solving. It defines concepts and prototypes, and explains how algorithms, heuristics and insight can aid problem solving. It also discusses how intuition, heuristics like availability and framing, overconfidence, and confirmation bias can influence decisions and judgments. The document contrasts convergent and divergent thinking, and lists factors that can foster creativity such as expertise, imagination, motivation, and environment.
The document discusses key aspects of human memory, including its three measures (recall, recognition, relearning), models of memory (sensory, short-term, working, and long-term memory), and strategies for improving memory through effortful processing like chunking, mnemonics, hierarchies, distributed practice, and deep levels of processing. It also covers differences between explicit and implicit memory formed through effortful vs. automatic processing.
This document provides an overview of learning concepts covered in Psychology, including classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning. It discusses Pavlov's classical conditioning experiments with dogs, in which he showed that a neutral stimulus paired with an unconditioned stimulus could become a conditioned stimulus that elicited a conditioned response. The document defines key terms related to classical conditioning like unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, and conditioned response. It also covers processes in classical conditioning such as acquisition, extinction, spontaneous recovery, generalization, and discrimination.
The document discusses basic principles of sensation and perception including:
- Bottom-up and top-down processing in sensory analysis.
- Transduction which converts stimulus energies into neural impulses.
- Absolute and difference thresholds and how they operate in processing sensory information.
- Sensory adaptation which diminishes sensitivity with constant stimulation across the senses.
- Perceptual sets which influence perception through expectations and experiences.
The document discusses human development from infancy through childhood. It covers three key areas:
1) Physical development, noting that infants' brains and motor skills rapidly develop after birth as genetic growth tendencies guide maturation.
2) Cognitive development, explaining Piaget's theory that children's thinking progresses through sensorimotor, preoperational, and concrete stages as they construct schemas and make sense of their experiences.
3) The techniques researchers use to study infant cognition, like habituation tasks, and findings on memory development from infancy into adolescence.
This document discusses several key topics regarding nature, nurture, and human diversity:
1. It outlines the objectives of studying behavior genetics and how heredity and environment influence traits. Twin and adoption studies are discussed as ways to determine genetic and environmental influences.
2. Evolutionary psychology is introduced as examining human nature through principles of natural selection. Examples of adaptive behaviors are provided.
3. The roles of genes, environments, and their interactions in influencing development are explored. Behavior genetics aims to use molecular genetics to predict risks and disorders from a young age in order to prevent problems.
4. In summary, the document covers research methods for distinguishing the effects of nature versus nurture on human traits and behaviors
1. The document discusses various topics related to consciousness and the two-track mind, including the biology of consciousness, dual processing, sleep and dreams, hypnosis, and drugs and consciousness.
2. It describes how cognitive neuroscientists have taken the first step in relating specific brain states to conscious experiences through the field of cognitive neuroscience. There is also growing evidence that humans have two minds, each supported by separate neural systems, known as dual processing.
3. The document discusses the sleep cycle and its four stages, including REM sleep where dreams commonly occur. It also outlines several major sleep disorders like insomnia, sleep apnea, and narcolepsy. The functions of sleep and why sleep deprivation affects
This document provides an overview of the history and development of psychology. It discusses:
1) How psychology originated in the late 19th century with Wilhelm Wundt establishing the first psychology laboratory and the schools of structuralism and functionalism emerging.
2) How psychology continued developing in the early 20th century with behaviorism introduced by John Watson and humanistic psychology by Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.
3) Today's definition of psychology encompasses both behavior and inner mental processes, and examines phenomena from biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis to gain a full understanding.
The document discusses different research methods used in psychology including descriptive, correlational, and experimental methods. Descriptive methods observe and describe behavior through case studies, naturalistic observation, and surveys. Correlational methods study relationships between variables through correlation analysis and scatterplots. While correlations can predict outcomes, they do not determine causation. Experimental methods are needed to infer causation by manipulating an independent variable and controlling other factors to see the effect on a dependent variable.
This document discusses stress, procrastination, and techniques for managing both. It begins by outlining the objectives of identifying emotional and physical symptoms of stress and different types of procrastination. It then explains how stress can stem from external and internal factors and affect the brain and body. Different types of procrastination are also defined. The document concludes by providing various techniques for avoiding procrastination and managing stress, such as breaking tasks into smaller parts, deep breathing, exercise, and adjusting one's attitude.
This document provides study strategies for test preparation. It discusses learning isolated facts through mnemonic devices like acronyms and acrostics. For conceptual learning, it recommends strategies like concept mapping and deep processing tables to show relationships between concepts. Deep processing tables organize information to connect concepts through elaboration, contrasting, and personalization. The document also provides exam strategies like arriving early, pacing yourself, and reviewing mistakes after an exam. Overall it offers memory techniques and test preparation best practices for effective studying.
The document discusses different learning styles and note-taking methods. It describes visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learners and their tendencies. It also outlines the SQ3R reading strategy of surveying, questioning, reading, reciting, and reviewing. Finally, it provides details on the Cornell note-taking method involving a recall column for questions and cues and a notes column.
This document discusses various time management strategies and techniques. It addresses juggling multiple responsibilities, prioritizing tasks, creating schedules, breaking large tasks into smaller parts, managing procrastination, effectively using study time, balancing extracurricular activities, finding motivation, scheduling, using to-do lists, and managing stress. The overall message is that planning, organization, prioritization, and maintaining a balanced lifestyle are key aspects of effective time management.
This document provides guidance on proper email etiquette for students when communicating with professors. It discusses poor examples of student emails regarding late assignments, absences from class, general inquiries, and other topics. The document outlines core etiquette principles such as including a respectful greeting and closing, putting your best foot forward, and referencing relevant facts from the syllabus. It also discusses personal responsibilities like expressing what actions you will take to make up missed work and efforts made to resolve issues independently. A proper email example for an absence and general inquiry is then provided that demonstrates applying these etiquette principles.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
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it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptxKavitha Krishnan
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.