This document discusses different types of therapies used to treat psychological disorders. It describes the differences between psychotherapy, which uses psychological techniques, and biomedical therapy, which uses prescribed medications or procedures to directly impact physiology. Several major psychotherapy approaches are then outlined, including psychoanalysis, psychodynamic therapy, humanistic therapies, behavior therapy, cognitive therapy, and family/group therapies. The techniques and goals of each approach are defined. The document also evaluates the effectiveness of psychotherapy in general.

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Psychology, Twelfth Edition (Myers, D. G.)
© T.G. Lane 2018

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• Discuss the differences between psychotherapy and
biomedical therapies.
• Discuss the major techniques for psychoanalysis,
psychodynamic, humanistic, behavior, cognitive,
group and family therapies.
• Discuss the effectiveness of psychotherapy.
• Discuss how biomedical therapy can be used to treat
psychological disorders.
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How do psychotherapy and the biomedical therapies differ?
• Modern Western therapies can be classified into two main
categories, psychotherapy and biomedical therapy.
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• psychotherapy: treatment involving psychological
techniques; consists of interactions between a
trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome
psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth
INTRODUCTION TO THERAPY …
TREATING PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS
• biomedical therapy: prescribed medications or
procedures that act directly on the person’s
physiology (biological treatments)

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• Most psychotherapy theoretical techniques can be used one-on-
one or in groups.
© T.G. Lane 2018
PART17:THERAPYINTRODUCTION TO THERAPY …
TREATING PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS
• eclectic approach: an approach to psychotherapy
that uses techniques from various forms of
therapy
• Some therapists use an eclectic approach.
+
talk therapy medicine

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• The first major psychological therapy was Sigmund Freud’s
psychoanalysis; although few clinicians today practice therapy as
Freud did, it helped form the foundation for treating psychological
disorders.
PSYCHOANALYSIS AND PSYCHODYNAMIC THERAPIES
What are the goals and techniques of psychoanalysis, and how have
they been adapted in psychodynamic therapy?
• psychoanalysis: Freud’s theory of personality that
attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious mot-
ives and conflicts. (2) It is used to treat psychological
disorders; Freud believed that the patient’s free
associations, resistances, dreams, and
transferences—and the therapist’s inter-
pretations of them—released previously
repressed feelings, allowing the patient
to gain self-insight.
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Psychodynamics
PSYCHOANALYSIS AND PSYCHODYNAMIC THERAPIES
• psychodynamic therapy: therapy deriving from the
psychoanalytic tradition; views individuals as
responding to unconscious forces and childhood
experiences, and seeks to enhance self-insight
• Although influenced by Freud’s ideas, psychodynamic therapists
don’t talk much about id, ego, and superego. Instead they try to
help people understand their current symptoms.
• Therapists using psychodynamic techniques “are in a position to
introduce them [clients] to themselves…”
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HUMANISITIC THERAPIES
• insight therapies: a variety of therapies that aim to
improve psychological functioning by increasing a
person’s awareness of underlying motives and
defenses
• Psychodynamic and humanistic therapies are often referred to as
insight therapies.
• Humanistic therapies:
• aim to boost people’s self-fulfillment through self-
awareness and self-acceptance
• promotes growth (responsibilities for one’s feelings and
actions)
• emphasis on conscious thoughts (present and future are
the focus)
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BEHAVIOR THERAPIES
• behavior therapy: therapy that applies learning
principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors
• Proponents of behavior therapies assume that problem behaviors
are the problems, and the application of learning principles can
eliminate them.
• classical conditioning techniques:
• counterconditioning
• exposure therapies
• systematic desensitization
• virtual reality exposure therapy
• aversive conditioning
• operant conditioning technique:
• token economy
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BEHAVIOR THERAPIES
• cognitive therapy: therapy that teaches people
new, more adaptive ways of thinking; based on the
assumption that thoughts intervene between
events and our emotional reactions
• The cognitive therapies assume that our thinking colors our
feelings.
What are the goals and techniques of cognitive therapy and of cognitive-
behavioral therapy?
• The most widely practiced psychotherapy is
cognitive-behavioral therapy.(CBT)
• cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT): a popular
integrative therapy that combines cognitive
therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with
behavior therapy (changing behavior)
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BEHAVIOR THERAPIES
• Saves therapists’ time and clients’ money
• Helps to explore social behaviors and develop
social skills
• Enables people to see that others share their
problems
• Provides feedback as clients try out new ways
of behaving
Group Therapy (benefits)
• Family therapy treats the family as a system; it
views an individual’s unwanted behaviors as
influenced by, or directed at, other family members.
What are the aims and benefits of group and family therapies?
Family Therapy
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COMPARINING MODERN PSYCHOTHERAPIES
Psychotherapies Chart
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© T.G. Lane 2018
PART17:THERAPYEVALUATING PSYCHOTHERAPIES
• Research has found that all forms of psychotherapy offer at
least three benefits:
HOW DO PSYCHOTHERAPIES HELP PEOPLE?
• Hope for demoralized people.
• A new perspective leading to new behaviors.
• An empathetic, trusting, caring relationship.
How do psychotherapy and the biomedical therapies differ?
• All therapies offer hope, and nearly all
therapists attempt to enhance their clients’
sensitivity, openness, personal responsibility,
and sense of purpose

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© T.G. Lane 2018
PART17:THERAPYTHE BIOMEDICAL THERAPIES
Biomedical Therapies Chart