The document discusses paper batteries, which are thin, flexible energy storage devices made by combining cellulose paper with carbon nanotubes. Paper batteries function as both batteries and supercapacitors, providing both steady power and bursts of energy. They are constructed using a cathode of carbon nanotubes, an anode of lithium metal, and electrolytes soaked into the paper. Paper batteries are lightweight, flexible, eco-friendly and can work in extreme temperatures, making them a promising alternative battery technology.

1. PAPER BATTERY
PRESENTING BY
MOUNIKA.S

2. CONTENTS:
• History of Paper Battery
• What is Paper Battery
• Construction
• Structure of Paper Battery
• CNT
• Working
• Advantages
• Dis-Advantages
• Applications
• Conclusion

3. HISTORY OF PAPER BATTERY:
• Ajayan, Omkaram Nalamasu with a joint meeting in Material
Science and engineering developed the Paper Battery, which is
also known as Nano Composite Paper. In December 2009,Yi
Cui and his team at Stanford University successfully made an
actual prototype that gave a terminal voltage of 1.5 V.

4. PAPER BATTERY:
• The flexible and thin energy storage device which can be used
as a battery is called as paper battery. It can also be used as a
super capacitor.
• This battery can be produced by merging the nanotubes (made
using carbon) and nano-composite paper (made using
cellulose).
• It is basically formed by combination of cellulose with
carbon nanotubes.
PAPER BATTERIES = PAPER(CELLULOSE) +CARBON
NANO TUBES(CNT)

5. • The paper battery mainly can act as:
property of a battery –
high energy storage capacity
property of super capacitor –
high energy density and thus, produces
extre me power.

6. WHY TO USE PAPER BATTERY?
• Ultra-thin size & flexible structure.
• Exhibits property of super-capacitor(22F-36F per gram)
• Operating temperature(-75 to 100 degree celsius)
• provide both long-term, steady power production and bursts of
energy.
• Cost-effective.

7. PAPER BATTERY CONSTRUCTION:
A paper battery construction
involves the following components:
• Cathode: Carbon Nanotube (CNT)
• Anode: Lithium Metal (Li+)
• Electrolyte: All electrolytes
(including bio Electrolytes like
sweat, blood etc.)
• Separator: Paper (Cellulose)

8. CONSTRUCTION OF A PAPER BATTERY MAINLY
INCLUDES THESE STEPS:
Step 1: Take a cellulose-based paper and apply black carbon ink
on it
Step2: Spread this ink applied on the paper
Step3: After spreading ink, laminate a thin film over the cellulose
surface
Step4: Heat the cellulose paper for 5min at 80 degrees C
Step5: Then, peel off the film from the substrate
Step6: The electrodes of paper battery are formed by film. The
electrolytes LTO and LCO are connected to different films
Step7: The functioning of paper battery can be checked by
connecting battery terminals to the LED

9. CLICK TO ADD TITLE
• CNT thin films were coated onto stainless steel (SS) substrates with a
solution based process.
• The concentration of CNT is 1.7 mg/mL.
• A dried film with a thickness of 2 micrometer was formed after
drying the CNT ink on the SS substrate at 80 °C for 5 min.This film is
then peeled off from substrate.
• These films act as electrodes of paper battery.
• one film is pasted to electrolyte LTO (Li4Ti5O12) and the other film
is pasted to electrolyte LCO (LiCoO2).
• Paper is sandwiched between two electrolytes LTO and LCO with
PVDF(poly vinylidene fluoride) acting as glue.

10. Paper
battery
structure

11. CARBON NANO TUBES (CNT):
• Carbon nanotube is an allotrope of carbon. Allotropy is nothing but different
structural modifications of an element.
• CNTs exhibit extraordinary strength and unique electrical properties, and are
efficient thermal conductors.
• The paper battery based on carbon nanotube provides both long-term steady
power production as well as bursts of energy. Because the paper battery based
on carbon nanotube can function both as a high-energy battery and super
capacitor.
• Carbon nanotubes can be used as anode for lithium ion battery.
•

12. PROPERTIES OF CNT:
• Ratio of Width: Length: 1:107
• High tensile Strength (Greater than Steel).
• Low Mass density & High Packing Density.
• Very Light and Very Flexible.
• Very Good Electrical Conductivity (better than Silicon).

13. STRUCTURE OF CNT:

14. WORKING:
1.Batteries produce electrons through a chemical reaction
between electrolyte and metal in the traditional battery.
2. Chemical reaction in the paper battery is between electrolyte
and carbon nanotubes.
3. Electrons collect on the negative terminal of the battery and
flow along a connected wire to the positive terminal
4. Electrons must flow from the negative to the positive terminal
for the chemical reaction to continue.

16. DURABILITY:
• The sheets can be rolled, twisted, folded, or cut into numerous
shapes with no loss of integrity or efficiency, or stacked like
printer paper to boost total output.
• The components are molecularly attached to each other: the
carbon nanotube print is embedded in the paper, and the
electrolyte is soaked into the paper

17. ADVANTAGES:
• Biodegradable & Non Toxic
• Reusable & Recyclable,Durable,Rechargeable
• No Leakage & Overheating
• Eco friendly, biocompatible
• Durable: shelf life of three years
• Works during extreme conditions -75°C to 150 °C
• No leakage of electrolyte
• No over heating
• Light weight and flexible
• Easily mouldable in desired shape
• More power in less space
• Customizable output voltage by staking, slicing

18. DISADVANTAGES:
• Low shear strength can be torn easily
• CNT production technique is expensive
• Nano-toxic for CNT manufacturing workers
• Can cause fibrosis in lungs
• Aquatic like damaged by CNT

19. APPLICATIONS:
• RFID tags and other tracking
• Smart Newspapers
• Credit/Debit cards ,Greeting card with audio, light ,Hybrid
cards
• Laptops, smartphones etc.
• Aircraft and spacecraft
• Blood and sugar monitoring portable devices
• Toys and novelties,Calculator and wrist watches
• Wireless mouse, keyboards other computer accessories
• Bluetooth headphones, microphones,Digital camera,etc
• Printed circuit board (PCB)

21. AUTOMOBILES AND AIRCRAFTS
USED PAPER BATTERY IN INDIA:
• in Hybrid Car batteries
• in Long Air Flights reducing Refueling
• for Light weight guided missiles
• for powering electronic devices in Satellite programs
Cost of paper battery:2,250(3.2v)

22. CONCLUSION:
• Standing at a point in the present where there can’t be a day
without power, Paper Batteries can provide an altogether path-
breaking solution to the same.
• Being Biodegradable, Light-weight and Nontoxic, flexible paper
batteries have potential adaptability to power the next
generation of electronics, medical devices and hybrid vehicles,
allowing for radical new designs and medical technologies.

23. ANY QUERIES?

24. THANK YOU !!!
&
BE SAFE