This study evaluated a physically based distributed hydrological model in snow-fed river basins in the Hindu Kush Himalayan region. The model was calibrated and validated using streamflow and snow cover data from 2000-2006. Streamflow was reasonably well simulated with NSE values of 0.73-0.78. Snow cover extent was also well captured, with average snow pixel efficiency of 78.7% between modeled and observed snow cover maps. A multivariate approach incorporating both streamflow and snow cover data helped address equifinality issues. Bias correction of precipitation inputs improved the model results. While the model performed well, limitations included assumptions around temperature, treatment of glaciers, and spatial coverage. Overall, the study demonstrated the
Mapping Gradex values on the Tensift basin (Morocco)IJERA Editor
The aim of this study is to elaborate the cartography of Gradex parameter used in the Gradex method for estimating flood peaks in order to size hydraulic structures. Map of spatial variation is elaborated using the geostatistical method of kriging. Several reference functions (exponential model, spherical, linear, Gaussian and cubic) were used for modeling the kriging variogram. Cross-validation enabled a comparison between the results of these models and choice of spherical model with anisotropy and trend fit by a second-order polynomial as the most suitable. The use of available series of annual maximum daily rainfall recorded at 23 rainfall stations, distributed over the Tensift basin, led also to develop the cartography of standard prediction errors‟ values associated to the predicted parameter for each point of Tensift basin. These errors vary from acceptable values (16.8%) to very high ones depending on the density of the rainfall stations at the desired site.
Full proceedings available at: http://www.extension.org/72818
Phosphorus indices provide relative loss ratings that then have a corresponding management response. Because most state Phosphorus Indices are qualitative it is not clear how the relative loss rating corresponds to actual phosphorus inputs into the receiving water and how the receiving water would react to these additions. Even with qualitative Phosphorus Indices, unless the water resource has a specific Total Maximum Daily Load, it is not clear how losses correspond to water quality outcomes. These issues will be discussed in the context of the 590 Natural Resources Conservation Standard for nutrient management.
Regional Rainfall Frequency Analysis By L-Moments Approach For Madina Region,...IJERDJOURNAL
ABSTRACT:- In arid regions, extreme rainfall event frequency predictions are still a challenging problem, because of the rain gauge stations scarcity and the record length limitation, which are usually short to insure reliable quantile estimates. Regional frequency analysis is one of the popular approaches used to compensate the data limitation. In this paper, regional frequency analysis of maximum daily rainfall is investigated for Madinah province in the Western Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The observed maximum daily rainfall records of 20 rainfall stations are selected from 1968 to 2015. The rainfall data is evaluated using four tests, namely, Discordance test (Di), Homogeneity test (H), Goodness of fit test (Zdist) and L-moment ratios diagram (LMRD). The Di of L-moments shows that all the sites belong to one group (Di <3.0).><1). Finally, the Zdist is used to evaluate five probability distribution functions (PDFs) including generalized logistic (GLO), generalized extreme value (GEV), generalized normal (GNO), generalized Pareto (GPA), and Pearson Type III (PE3). Zdist and LMRD both showed that PE3 distribution is the best among the other PDFs. The regional parameters of the candidate PDF are computed using L-moments approach and accordingly the regional dimensionless growth curve is developed. The results enhance the accuracy of extreme rainfall prediction at-sites and also they can be used for ungauged catchment in the region.
The presentation summarizes the work on the thesis for investigating different dynamic stall models and their utilization for modeling unsteady aerodynamics for wind turbines.
Thesis: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Muhammad_Arsalan_Khan2/publication/337466116_Dynamic_Stall_Modelling_for_Wind_Turbines/links/5dd92037a6fdccdb445cb860/Dynamic-Stall-Modelling-for-Wind-Turbines.pdf
Water balance assessment of the Gandaki River BasinHI-AWARE
Understanding the hydrological aspects of the Himalayan Rivers is important for water resource planning and development. The transboundary Gandaki River originates from high altitude areas of Nepal (and few tributaries from China) and flows downstream to the Indo-Gangetic Plain before meeting with the mighty Ganges.
Mapping Gradex values on the Tensift basin (Morocco)IJERA Editor
The aim of this study is to elaborate the cartography of Gradex parameter used in the Gradex method for estimating flood peaks in order to size hydraulic structures. Map of spatial variation is elaborated using the geostatistical method of kriging. Several reference functions (exponential model, spherical, linear, Gaussian and cubic) were used for modeling the kriging variogram. Cross-validation enabled a comparison between the results of these models and choice of spherical model with anisotropy and trend fit by a second-order polynomial as the most suitable. The use of available series of annual maximum daily rainfall recorded at 23 rainfall stations, distributed over the Tensift basin, led also to develop the cartography of standard prediction errors‟ values associated to the predicted parameter for each point of Tensift basin. These errors vary from acceptable values (16.8%) to very high ones depending on the density of the rainfall stations at the desired site.
Full proceedings available at: http://www.extension.org/72818
Phosphorus indices provide relative loss ratings that then have a corresponding management response. Because most state Phosphorus Indices are qualitative it is not clear how the relative loss rating corresponds to actual phosphorus inputs into the receiving water and how the receiving water would react to these additions. Even with qualitative Phosphorus Indices, unless the water resource has a specific Total Maximum Daily Load, it is not clear how losses correspond to water quality outcomes. These issues will be discussed in the context of the 590 Natural Resources Conservation Standard for nutrient management.
Regional Rainfall Frequency Analysis By L-Moments Approach For Madina Region,...IJERDJOURNAL
ABSTRACT:- In arid regions, extreme rainfall event frequency predictions are still a challenging problem, because of the rain gauge stations scarcity and the record length limitation, which are usually short to insure reliable quantile estimates. Regional frequency analysis is one of the popular approaches used to compensate the data limitation. In this paper, regional frequency analysis of maximum daily rainfall is investigated for Madinah province in the Western Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The observed maximum daily rainfall records of 20 rainfall stations are selected from 1968 to 2015. The rainfall data is evaluated using four tests, namely, Discordance test (Di), Homogeneity test (H), Goodness of fit test (Zdist) and L-moment ratios diagram (LMRD). The Di of L-moments shows that all the sites belong to one group (Di <3.0).><1). Finally, the Zdist is used to evaluate five probability distribution functions (PDFs) including generalized logistic (GLO), generalized extreme value (GEV), generalized normal (GNO), generalized Pareto (GPA), and Pearson Type III (PE3). Zdist and LMRD both showed that PE3 distribution is the best among the other PDFs. The regional parameters of the candidate PDF are computed using L-moments approach and accordingly the regional dimensionless growth curve is developed. The results enhance the accuracy of extreme rainfall prediction at-sites and also they can be used for ungauged catchment in the region.
The presentation summarizes the work on the thesis for investigating different dynamic stall models and their utilization for modeling unsteady aerodynamics for wind turbines.
Thesis: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Muhammad_Arsalan_Khan2/publication/337466116_Dynamic_Stall_Modelling_for_Wind_Turbines/links/5dd92037a6fdccdb445cb860/Dynamic-Stall-Modelling-for-Wind-Turbines.pdf
Water balance assessment of the Gandaki River BasinHI-AWARE
Understanding the hydrological aspects of the Himalayan Rivers is important for water resource planning and development. The transboundary Gandaki River originates from high altitude areas of Nepal (and few tributaries from China) and flows downstream to the Indo-Gangetic Plain before meeting with the mighty Ganges.
RETRIEVAL OF FOREST BACKSCATTER FROM SAR DATA TO IMPROVE SNOW COVER AREA ESTI...Surya Ganguly
Himalayan snow cover area(SCA) is an essential parameter for environmental, meteorological, hydrological and climatologically applications. Due to the hostile climate condition and remoteness of Himalaya, it is very difficult to estimate the SCA. Conventional methods have limitations in measuring SCA in this region especially during extreme weather condition. Optical remote sensing have given good results of SCA in cloud free conditions. But haze, fog and cloud in the snow melting season hinders the capability of optical SCA estimation. Passive microwave remote sensing have given good results in low forested areas. In the dense forest, passive microwave does not provides accurate SCA estimation. The Himalayan glacier and snow lines are very poorly surveyed and continuous monitoring is needed. Comprehensive measurement of SCA has been made in major forested area around the world, but there remains a significant gap in Himalayan snow cover research. Microwave remote sensing with its all weather and cloud penetration ability has already proven good result in estimating SCA in forest and mountainous areas. Considering the Himalayas and coniferous forest characteristics - SCA determining methodology using SAR data have been done for this region in this study. The microwave scattering models - Water Cloud model and Semi-empirical model have been used to estimate the radar backscattering contribution of forest and snow below the forest from the total backscatter using L-band and C-band SAR data. Once the modelling has been done by using the forest in-situ measurements, the forest backscatter contribution have been subtracted to get the backscatter contribution from wet snow covered forest floor. Single reference ratio technique have been used on the forest floor backscatter to determine wet SCA. The forest backscatter Water Cloud Model in L-band have shown a promising result with low RMSE and high coefficient of determination. After the forest minimisation with this model, the SCA estimation (33 Km^2) have shown good co-relation (94%) with MODIS SCA estimation (35 Km^2). Semi-empirical backscatter model with C-band have not able to give much comprehensive result due to fluctuating model parameters. The SCA estimation is not reliable for consideration, although the co-relation with MODIS snow cover estimation is high. The C-band have been tried with Water Cloud Model, which gave a better model with low RMSE and high coefficient of determination. The SCA estimation (35 Km^2) from this have show a good symmetry (97%) with the MODIS SCA estimation (36 Km^2).
Workshop on Storm Water Modeling ApproachesM. Damon Weiss
The attached presentation was prepared by Pennoni Associates and Michael Baker Corporation to the Pittsburgh Parks Conservancy and members of the Pennsylvania Environmental Council Green Infrastructure Network. The presentation discussed various watershed modeling techniques for regional, watershed and local projects, as well as an overview of the different tools that engineers use to create these models.
Objectives:
Develop a replicable integrated model (methodology) for evaluating the extent and development potential of renewable (non-renewable) groundwater resources in arid lands, with the Eastern Desert of Egypt as a pilot site.
The model will be replicable for similar arid areas; North of Sudan, Tibesty, Yemen, and Saudi Arabia.
Building national capacities.
Soil mapping helps to improve catchment hydrological modelling. The water that ends up in streams passes through hillslopes encountering various controls in the process. One of these controls is the hydropedology type of the soils that govern among other things recharge or percolation, interflow or overland flow processes and how these contribute to streamflow.
From all comments received by the LTER Network Office, this year's meeting in Estes Park was a complete success! The 2015 LTER All Scientists Meeting was held from August 30 through the evening of September 2. The Conference was organized around the theme: " From Long-Term Data to Understanding: Toward a Predictive Ecology". Almost 600 people attended the meeting. There were over 300 poster presentations and more than 75 formal and ad-hoc working group meetings. Drs. James Olds, Diana Wall, Knute Nadelhoffer, Ned Gardener and Christine O'Connell provided excellent plenary presentations to highlight the meeting. Chloe Wardropper (NTL) won 1st place in the student poster competition with Alexandra Conway (BNZ), Shinjini Goswami (HBR), Hafsah Nahrawi (GCE) and Bonnie McGill (KBS) winning runner-up awards.
spsann - optimization of sample patterns using spatial simulated annealingAlessandro Samuel-Rosa
Presentation at the European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2015 (EGU2015), Soil System Sciences section 11.3 - Statistical, computational and visualization tools for assessing and communicating soil complexity and variability
1. Multivariate evaluation of
a physically based distributed model in
snow-fed river basins of
Hindu Kush Himalayan Region
Dr. Sangam Shrestha
Assistant Professor, WEM, AIT
Pallav Kumar Shrestha
Research Associate, WEM, AIT
[PRESENTER]
2. Background, Study AreaINTRODUCTION
OUTLINE
Bias correction, Modeling approach,
Evaluation approach
METHODOLOGY
Sensitivity Analysis, Model evaluation –
hydrologic and snow response, Equifinality
RESULTS
Findings, LimitationsCONCLUSION
3. BACKGROUND
- Recent evidences
- Low latitude mountainous cyrosphere
undergoing change
- HKH lies in this range
- Distinct pattern – glaciers east of
Karakoram experiencing negative mass
balances
- Hindu-Kush-Karakoram-Himalaya
(HKH)
- Third pole, Water Towers of Asia
- Highest points on Earth – data scarcity
- Snow Dominant hydrology…
- Snow as a second variable to
validate!
- Multivariate Model Evaluation
- Q and Snow Cover (MODIS)
- Snow cover – spatial distribution
- Distributed modeling
- Precipitation coverage
- Precipitation forcing at higher
altitudes
- APHRODITE estimates
- Panday et al (2013) - Tamor
- Hydrology evaluation
- Drawbacks of NSE and R2
- Tailoring of balanced set of criteria
INTRODUCTION
10. Multivariate Evaluation – Snow Cover Extent
RESULTS
- Hundreds of maps
representing daily Snow Cover
from SWAT throughout 2000 -
2007
- Overall average Snow Pixel
Efficiency (Seff) throughout
model years : 78.7 %
- Median – 76.2%
- Maximum – 89.4%
- Seff utilized by Pelliciotti et al
(2012) Average of
Model Period
Seff : 78.7 %
12. CONCLUSIONS
- Power Transformation Method - a
successful Bias correction method
- Precipitation forcing – Hybrid
approach : gridded data + ground
data – tackle data scarcity
- Distributed modelling – possibility
of Multivariate evaluation
- SWAT model – Decent
performance in both hydrology
and snow extent
- Hydrology evaluation indices –
balanced set of evaluation criteria
with NSErel and weighted R2
- Multivariate evaluation – dealing
with Equifinality
13. CONCLUSIONS
- Bias correction of temperature
- APHRODITE – daily single value
- SWAT – daily extremes (2 values)
- Temporal variability of Lapse rates
- SWAT – single value for all seasons
- Temporal stationarity
- Glacial hydrology
- 10.6 % of Tamor is Glaciers (GLIMS database)
- Next step – models with glacier/ ice module
- SWAT Holes - Why??
- Spatial coverage incomplete due to thresholds
in HRU definition step
- ~22% blank in Tamor SWAT model
- Next step – fully distributed model
LIMITATIONS
![Multivariate evaluation of
a physically based distributed model in
snow-fed river basins of
Hindu Kush Himalayan Region
Dr. Sangam Shrestha
Assistant Professor, WEM, AIT
Pallav Kumar Shrestha
Research Associate, WEM, AIT
[PRESENTER]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pallavkumarshrestha-150216031429-conversion-gate01/85/Pallav-kumar-shrestha-1-320.jpg)
