A new procedure for continuous discharge estimation is proposed that combines recorded stream gauge water levels with remote sensing data from SAR sensors. The procedure uses a hydraulic model calibrated with SAR-derived water levels to estimate discharges from recorded stage data. This overcomes limitations of traditional rating curves. The method was tested on a 2003 flood event on the Alzette River, where two SAR images were used to calibrate the hydraulic model. Recorded and estimated hydrographs matched well, demonstrating the potential of this approach for sites lacking velocity data needed for rating curves.
Flood Risk Assessment Using GIS Tools, By Dr. Omar Elbadawy, CEDARE, Land and Water Days in Near East & North Africa, 15-18 December 2013, Amman, Jordan
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Determining The Coefficient Of Tr, Α And River Length (L) Of Flood Runoff Mod...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of mechanical and civil engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in mechanical and civil engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A Fully Automated System for Monitoring Pit Wall DisplacementsJOSE ESPEJO VASQUEZ
ABSTRACTO.
El Monitoreo automatizado de taludes empinados, excavaciones y terraplenes altos; permite la detección temprana de la inestabilidad y se puede utilizar para evitar o mitigar las posibles fallas de taludes.
Los sistemas que utilizan múltiples y diferentes tipos de sensores se han desarrollado y probado con éxito en la Mina Highland Valley Copper en la Columbia Británica. Estos sistemas utilizan estaciones totales robóticas (RTS) como principales sensores de medición, con levantamientos repetidas en intervalos predefinidos seleccionados para optimizar la eficiencia operativa.
Esta metodología ha sido desarrollada para mejorar el sistema de exactitud y fiabilidad mediante la reducción de los efectos de errores sistemáticos creados por la refracción atmosférica e instrumento inestable y posiciones de punto de referencia. La inclusión de sensores GPS para monitorear las posiciones RTS crea flexibilidad operativa adicional y mantiene la integridad del sistema cuando las estaciones de referencia disponibles son insuficientes.
Flood Risk Assessment Using GIS Tools, By Dr. Omar Elbadawy, CEDARE, Land and Water Days in Near East & North Africa, 15-18 December 2013, Amman, Jordan
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Determining The Coefficient Of Tr, Α And River Length (L) Of Flood Runoff Mod...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of mechanical and civil engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in mechanical and civil engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A Fully Automated System for Monitoring Pit Wall DisplacementsJOSE ESPEJO VASQUEZ
ABSTRACTO.
El Monitoreo automatizado de taludes empinados, excavaciones y terraplenes altos; permite la detección temprana de la inestabilidad y se puede utilizar para evitar o mitigar las posibles fallas de taludes.
Los sistemas que utilizan múltiples y diferentes tipos de sensores se han desarrollado y probado con éxito en la Mina Highland Valley Copper en la Columbia Británica. Estos sistemas utilizan estaciones totales robóticas (RTS) como principales sensores de medición, con levantamientos repetidas en intervalos predefinidos seleccionados para optimizar la eficiencia operativa.
Esta metodología ha sido desarrollada para mejorar el sistema de exactitud y fiabilidad mediante la reducción de los efectos de errores sistemáticos creados por la refracción atmosférica e instrumento inestable y posiciones de punto de referencia. La inclusión de sensores GPS para monitorear las posiciones RTS crea flexibilidad operativa adicional y mantiene la integridad del sistema cuando las estaciones de referencia disponibles son insuficientes.
Using Computer-simulated hydrological model (SWAT) to estimate the ground-wat...Dhiraj Jhunjhunwala
This work is the result of a project-based course, Water Resources Engineering. The project is about the estimation of ground-water recharge due to rainfall in a US-based watershed. The semi-distributed hydrological model(SWAT) has been used to simulate the monthly input and output sub-basin-wise streamflow values,which have been used to compute the total infiltration. The results have been depicted in th form of various monthy and yearly infilration values
Impact of the Hydrographic Changing in the Open Drains Cross Sections on the ...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
Hydrological Application of Remote – Sensing and GIS for Handling of Excess R...IDES Editor
A GIS based hydrological analysis has been carried
out to explore the possibility of diverting storm runoff
generated from the upper catchment safely through a canal
system constructed at the foothill to avoid flooding at
downstream. The study area consisted of Kalapahar-Udyachal
hills (5.38 km sq) in the Kahilipara- Odalbakra area, situated
in the city of Guwahati, Assam. The Digital Elevation Model
(DEM) of the study area was developed from the Survey of
India(SOI) toposheet (1972) using Arcgis software. Watershed
delineation and derivation of required topographic parameters
for for calculating the peak discharge from different
watersheds were done with the help of the generated DEM.
Based on the hydrological analysis, means of safe diversion
of runoff water from hillocks was found out and canal
design of varying geometry capable of handling the peak
discharge suggested.
Scale-dependency and Sensitivity of Hydrological Estimations to Land Use and ...Beniamino Murgante
Scale-dependency and Sensitivity of Hydrological Estimations to Land Use and Topography for a Coastal Watershed in Mississippi - Vladimir J. Alarcon and Charles G. O’Hara
Delineating faults using multi-trace seismic attributes: Example from offshor...iosrjce
Techniques for delineating faults have been applied to a 3D seismic data acquired over parts of
offshore Niger Delta. The volumetric dip and azimuth of the seismic traces was first computed directly from the
seismic reflection data. Noise cancellation techniques were then applied to the data to highlight overall
structural dip trend. An attribute that highlight seismic discontinuities based on trace-trace similarity was then
computed over a user-defined window using the seismic reflectivity and smoothened dip data as input. The dip
and similarity volumes reveal a structural framework consisting of a major NE-SW trending lineament
separating two zones of contrasting structural styles. In the northern part of the lineament, deformation is
compressional, with NNE-SSW to N-S trending thrusts and folds. In the south, deformation is characterized by a
network of predominantly NW-SE trending extensional faults. Although the structural trend is clearly evident in
the computed dip volumes, estimating multi-trace similarity along structural dips has significantly improved the
ability to recognize faults in the data
Workshop on Storm Water Modeling ApproachesM. Damon Weiss
The attached presentation was prepared by Pennoni Associates and Michael Baker Corporation to the Pittsburgh Parks Conservancy and members of the Pennsylvania Environmental Council Green Infrastructure Network. The presentation discussed various watershed modeling techniques for regional, watershed and local projects, as well as an overview of the different tools that engineers use to create these models.
Suspended Sediment Rating Curve for Tigris River Upstream Al- Betera RegulatorIJRES Journal
In this study, suspended sediment rating curves for sediment concentration for a section of Tigris
River located upstream AL-Betera regulator, Maysan province. For this purpose. Also, for each observation, the
river discharge was measured using the ADCP . Abased previous years data have been benefiting from the
vicissitudes of time of study area and took the annual discharge rate for each year and then entered into the
equation for calculation of suspended sediment through draw the relationship between discharge and sediment
suspended ,noticed power link between data and a good agreement between the power relation and the observed
data were achieved depending on the value of correlation coefficient R.
Quick tutorial of how to conduct a bridge scour computation within HECRAS. Characteristics of stream stability fundamentals are also discussed. Abutment, pier, and contraction methodologies from HEC 18 are summarized. Tips to avoid common mistakes are provided. Helpful data sources to assist design are suggested.
Streamflow simulation using radar-based precipitation applied to the Illinois...Alireza Safari
This paper describes the application of a spatially distributed hydrological model WetSpa (Water and Energy Transfer between Soil, Plants and Atmosphere) using radar-based rainfall data provide by the United States Hydrology Laboratory of NOAA's National Weather Service for a distributed model intercomparison project. The model is applied to the
river basin above Tahlequah hydrometry station with 30-m spatial resolution and one hour time--step for a total simulation period of 6 years. Rainfall inputs are derived from radar. The distributed model parameters are based on an extensive database of watershed characteristics available for the region, including digital maps of DEM, soil type, and land use. The model is calibrated and validated on part of the river flow records. The simulated hydrograph shows a good correspondence with observation (Nash efficiency coeffiecient >80%, indicating that the model is able to simulate the relevant hydrologic processes in the basin accurately.
Using Computer-simulated hydrological model (SWAT) to estimate the ground-wat...Dhiraj Jhunjhunwala
This work is the result of a project-based course, Water Resources Engineering. The project is about the estimation of ground-water recharge due to rainfall in a US-based watershed. The semi-distributed hydrological model(SWAT) has been used to simulate the monthly input and output sub-basin-wise streamflow values,which have been used to compute the total infiltration. The results have been depicted in th form of various monthy and yearly infilration values
Impact of the Hydrographic Changing in the Open Drains Cross Sections on the ...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
Hydrological Application of Remote – Sensing and GIS for Handling of Excess R...IDES Editor
A GIS based hydrological analysis has been carried
out to explore the possibility of diverting storm runoff
generated from the upper catchment safely through a canal
system constructed at the foothill to avoid flooding at
downstream. The study area consisted of Kalapahar-Udyachal
hills (5.38 km sq) in the Kahilipara- Odalbakra area, situated
in the city of Guwahati, Assam. The Digital Elevation Model
(DEM) of the study area was developed from the Survey of
India(SOI) toposheet (1972) using Arcgis software. Watershed
delineation and derivation of required topographic parameters
for for calculating the peak discharge from different
watersheds were done with the help of the generated DEM.
Based on the hydrological analysis, means of safe diversion
of runoff water from hillocks was found out and canal
design of varying geometry capable of handling the peak
discharge suggested.
Scale-dependency and Sensitivity of Hydrological Estimations to Land Use and ...Beniamino Murgante
Scale-dependency and Sensitivity of Hydrological Estimations to Land Use and Topography for a Coastal Watershed in Mississippi - Vladimir J. Alarcon and Charles G. O’Hara
Delineating faults using multi-trace seismic attributes: Example from offshor...iosrjce
Techniques for delineating faults have been applied to a 3D seismic data acquired over parts of
offshore Niger Delta. The volumetric dip and azimuth of the seismic traces was first computed directly from the
seismic reflection data. Noise cancellation techniques were then applied to the data to highlight overall
structural dip trend. An attribute that highlight seismic discontinuities based on trace-trace similarity was then
computed over a user-defined window using the seismic reflectivity and smoothened dip data as input. The dip
and similarity volumes reveal a structural framework consisting of a major NE-SW trending lineament
separating two zones of contrasting structural styles. In the northern part of the lineament, deformation is
compressional, with NNE-SSW to N-S trending thrusts and folds. In the south, deformation is characterized by a
network of predominantly NW-SE trending extensional faults. Although the structural trend is clearly evident in
the computed dip volumes, estimating multi-trace similarity along structural dips has significantly improved the
ability to recognize faults in the data
Workshop on Storm Water Modeling ApproachesM. Damon Weiss
The attached presentation was prepared by Pennoni Associates and Michael Baker Corporation to the Pittsburgh Parks Conservancy and members of the Pennsylvania Environmental Council Green Infrastructure Network. The presentation discussed various watershed modeling techniques for regional, watershed and local projects, as well as an overview of the different tools that engineers use to create these models.
Suspended Sediment Rating Curve for Tigris River Upstream Al- Betera RegulatorIJRES Journal
In this study, suspended sediment rating curves for sediment concentration for a section of Tigris
River located upstream AL-Betera regulator, Maysan province. For this purpose. Also, for each observation, the
river discharge was measured using the ADCP . Abased previous years data have been benefiting from the
vicissitudes of time of study area and took the annual discharge rate for each year and then entered into the
equation for calculation of suspended sediment through draw the relationship between discharge and sediment
suspended ,noticed power link between data and a good agreement between the power relation and the observed
data were achieved depending on the value of correlation coefficient R.
Quick tutorial of how to conduct a bridge scour computation within HECRAS. Characteristics of stream stability fundamentals are also discussed. Abutment, pier, and contraction methodologies from HEC 18 are summarized. Tips to avoid common mistakes are provided. Helpful data sources to assist design are suggested.
Streamflow simulation using radar-based precipitation applied to the Illinois...Alireza Safari
This paper describes the application of a spatially distributed hydrological model WetSpa (Water and Energy Transfer between Soil, Plants and Atmosphere) using radar-based rainfall data provide by the United States Hydrology Laboratory of NOAA's National Weather Service for a distributed model intercomparison project. The model is applied to the
river basin above Tahlequah hydrometry station with 30-m spatial resolution and one hour time--step for a total simulation period of 6 years. Rainfall inputs are derived from radar. The distributed model parameters are based on an extensive database of watershed characteristics available for the region, including digital maps of DEM, soil type, and land use. The model is calibrated and validated on part of the river flow records. The simulated hydrograph shows a good correspondence with observation (Nash efficiency coeffiecient >80%, indicating that the model is able to simulate the relevant hydrologic processes in the basin accurately.
Forecasting Model of Flood Inundated Areas along Sharda River in U.P.iosrjce
Paper has illuminated the satellite data of previous flood and hydrological data to estimate the
inundated areas near Sharda River. Modeling of flood inundated areas predicted 10 cm rises in water level in
affected areas by flood. IRS-P6/AWiFS and RADARSAT data were used. The RADARSAT satellite data have
shown the flood water, water in low lying areas and real time flood data. The geo referenced IRS-P6/AWiFS,
IRS-P6/LISS-III and PAN satellite data were useful for preparation of various thematic maps. Results revealed
that most heavily flood affected villages at three gauge stations on Sharda River during year 2009 were: 13
villages of Puranpur Block of Pilibhit District downstream to Banbasa gauge station at 220.35m water level; 22
villages of Nighasan Block of Lakhimpur-khiri District downstream to Paliyakala gauge station at 154.62m
water level and 26 villages of Behta Block of Sitapur District downstream to Sharda Nagar gauge station at
136.10m water level.
Estimation of morphometric parameters and runoff using rs & gis techniqueseSAT Journals
Abstract
Land and water are the two vital natural resources, the optimal management of these resources with minimum adverse environmental
impact are essential not only for sustainable development but also for human survival. Satellite remote sensing with geographic
information system has a pragmatic approach to map and generate spatial input layers of predicting response behavior and yield of
watershed. Hence, in the present study an attempt has been made to understand the hydrological process of the catchment at the
watershed level by drawing the inferences from moprhometric analysis and runoff. The study area chosen for the present study is
Yagachi catchment situated in Chickamaglur and Hassan district lies geographically at a longitude 75⁰52’08.77”E and
13⁰10’50.77”N latitude. It covers an area of 559.493 Sq.km. Morphometric analysis is carried out to estimate morphometric
parameters at Micro-watershed to understand the hydrological response of the catchment at the Micro-watershed level. Daily runoff
is estimated using USDA SCS curve number model for a period of 10 years from 2001 to 2010. The rainfall runoff relationship of the
study shows there is a positive correlation.
Keywords: morphometric analysis, runoff, remote sensing and GIS, SCS - method
Estimation of morphometric parameters and runoff using rs & gis techniqueseSAT Journals
Abstract
Land and water are the two vital natural resources, the optimal management of these resources with minimum adverse environmental
impact are essential not only for sustainable development but also for human survival. Satellite remote sensing with geographic
information system has a pragmatic approach to map and generate spatial input layers of predicting response behavior and yield of
watershed. Hence, in the present study an attempt has been made to understand the hydrological process of the catchment at the
watershed level by drawing the inferences from moprhometric analysis and runoff. The study area chosen for the present study is
Yagachi catchment situated in Chickamaglur and Hassan district lies geographically at a longitude 75⁰52’08.77”E and
13⁰10’50.77”N latitude. It covers an area of 559.493 Sq.km. Morphometric analysis is carried out to estimate morphometric
parameters at Micro-watershed to understand the hydrological response of the catchment at the Micro-watershed level. Daily runoff
is estimated using USDA SCS curve number model for a period of 10 years from 2001 to 2010. The rainfall runoff relationship of the
study shows there is a positive correlation.
Keywords: morphometric analysis, runoff, remote sensing and GIS, SCS - method
-
ASSESSING THE EFFECTS OF SPATIAL INTERPOLATION OF RAINFALL ON THE STREAMFLOW ...civej
Precipitation within a river basin varies spatially and temporally and hence, is the most relevant input for
hydrologic modelling. Various interpolation methods exist to distribute rainfall spatially within a basin.
The sparse distribution of raingauge stations within a river basin and the differences in interpolation
methods can potentially impact the streamflow simulated using a hydrologic model. The present study
focuses on assessing the effect of spatial interpolation of rainfall using Theissen polygon, Inverse distance
weighted (IDW) method and Ordinary Kriging on the streamflow simulated using a physically based
spatially distributed model-SHETRAN in Vamanapuram river basin in Southern Kerala, India. The
SHETRAN model in the present study utilises rainfall data from the available rain gauge stations within the
basin and potential evapo-transpiration calculated using Penman-Monteith method, along with other input
parameters like soil and landuse. Four years of rainfall and evapo-transpiration data on a daily scale is
used for model calibration and one year data for validation. The performance of the different spatial
interpolation methods were assessed based on the Mean Annual flow and statistical parameters like NashSutcliffe
Efficiency, coefficient of determination. The ordinary kriging and IDW methods were found to be
satisfactory in the spatial interpolation of rainfall.
The Aerial Wetted Path of Geostationary Transmissionijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
The Aerial Wetted Path of Geostationary Transmissionijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Multi-Resolution Analysis: MRA Based Bright Band Height Estimation with Preci...Waqas Tariq
A method for reconstruction of cross section of rainfall situations with precipitation radar data based on wavelet analysis of Multi-Resolution Analysis (MRA) which allows extract a peak of the radar reflectivity is proposed in order to detect bright band height. It is found that the bright band height can be estimated by using the MRA with the basis of Daubechies wavelet family. It is also found that the boundaries in rainfall structure can be clearly extracted with MRA.
International Journal of Research in Engineering and Science is an open access peer-reviewed international forum for scientists involved in research to publish quality and refereed papers. Papers reporting original research or experimentally proved review work are welcome. Papers for publication are selected through peer review to ensure originality, relevance, and readability.
Mapping Gradex values on the Tensift basin (Morocco)IJERA Editor
The aim of this study is to elaborate the cartography of Gradex parameter used in the Gradex method for estimating flood peaks in order to size hydraulic structures. Map of spatial variation is elaborated using the geostatistical method of kriging. Several reference functions (exponential model, spherical, linear, Gaussian and cubic) were used for modeling the kriging variogram. Cross-validation enabled a comparison between the results of these models and choice of spherical model with anisotropy and trend fit by a second-order polynomial as the most suitable. The use of available series of annual maximum daily rainfall recorded at 23 rainfall stations, distributed over the Tensift basin, led also to develop the cartography of standard prediction errors‟ values associated to the predicted parameter for each point of Tensift basin. These errors vary from acceptable values (16.8%) to very high ones depending on the density of the rainfall stations at the desired site.
Analysis of river flow data to develop stage discharge relationshipeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Analysis of river flow data to develop stage discharge relationshipeSAT Journals
Abstract For investigation and design of river valley projects, assessment of the water resources potential of river basins and peak discharge is to be made. For these, the collection of daily discharge data is necessary. But direct measurement of daily discharge in a number of points in all streams is not only prohibitive in cost, but also very much time consuming, which can be best achieved by using stage-discharge relationship. In the present work, field data of three gauging sites, i.e. Theni (Basin: Mahanadi to Kanyakumari), Pingalwada (Basin: Mahi, Sabarmati and others) and Ghatsila (Basin: Subarnarekha, Burhabalang & Baitarni) were analysed to develop the steady-state stage-discharge relationship. Stage and Discharge data with the time of the gauging stations were available. Erroneous values were identified by comparative examination of the stage-hydrograph and discharge-hydrograph plotted one above the other. These values were rectified before developing stage-discharge equations. Keywords: Basins, Discharge, Gauge, Hydrograph, Rating curve and Stage.
1. To propose a new procedure for continuous discharge
estimation. The procedure is based on the use of the DORA
hydraulic model (Noto and Tucciarelli, 2001) to turn recorded
stages into discharges and the exploiting remote sensing
derived water levels for Manning's roughness calibration.
The flood event of January 2003, occurred along the Alzette
River, is investigated by using two available SAR images.
Purpose
Conclusions
Introduction
References
Method
Results
Case Study
Reliable discharge estimations at a river site depend on local hydraulic conditions, which are usually defined by recording water level. In
fact, stage monitoring is relatively inexpensive, especially when compared to the cost necessary to carry out flow velocity
measurements. However, there is the need of converting stage records into discharge values. This task is generally addressed through a
reliable rating curve, which can be unknown, in the case of gauged sites where velocity measurements cannot be carried out, or limited
for low flows. In addition, a rating curve differs from the one-to-one stage-discharge relationship when unsteady flows occur. In order to
relate stage and discharge hydrographs at a selected river section also during unsteady flow conditions, 1D hydraulic modelling can be
adopted (Corato et al., 2011). Nevertheless, a reliable use of hydraulic modelling is strictly related to the river cross sections geometry
data availability along with an accurate Manning's roughness coefficient calibration. For this latter, many studies (Aronica et al.,
2002;Hostache et al., 2009; Prestinizi et al., 2011) show that it is possible to use the remote sensing derived (RSD) information to
calibrate a hydraulic model. The most exploited sensors are the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) ones, due to their high spatial
resolution and the all weather and day-and-night capability. Therefore, a reliable continuous discharge monitoring system can be
obtained using a hydraulic model and combining the in situ information provided by a stream gauge with RSD information, coming from
SAR sensors.
Ø
Ø
Ø
Ø
Ø
Ø
Aronica, G., Bates, P. D. , Horritt, M. S., Assessing the uncertainty in distributed model predictions
using observed binary pattern information with in GLUE, Hydrol. Process., vol. 16, no. 10, pp.
2001–2016, 2002.
Corato, G., Moramarco, T., and Tucciarelli, T.: Discharge estimation combining flow routing and
occasional measurements of velocity, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 2979-2994.
Durand M., Rodriguez E., Alsdorf D.E., Trigg M., Estimating river depth from remote swath
interferometry measurements of river height, slope and width, IEEE Journal of selected topics in
applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 3(1), 20-31, 2007.
Hostache, R., Matgen, P., Schumann, G., Puech, C., Hoffmann, L., Pfister, L., Water level estimation
and reduction of hydraulic model calibration uncertainties using satellite SAR images of floods, IEEE T.
Geosci. Remote, 47, 431–441, 2009.
Noto, L. and Tucciarelli, T.: DORA algorithm for network flow models with improved stability and
convergence properties." J Hydraul Eng, ASCE, 127(5), 380-391, 2001.
Prestininzi, P, Di Baldassarre, G, Schumann, G., Bates, PD., Selecting the appropriate hydraulic model
structure using low-resolution satellite imagery, Advances in Water Resources, 34, 38-46, 2011.
ü
ü
A new procedure for discharge estimation in natural channel has been proposed. The procedure
combines a continuous ‘in-situ’ information coming from a stream gauge with a sporadic RSD
information obtained by a SAR sensor:
The main advantage of this procedure consists in the fact that the RSD information coming from SAR
sensors is globally available, without limits of site accessibility or weather conditions. These
features make the proposed procedure suitable for
recorded water levels are turned into discharge values by
using a hydraulic model calibrated with a RSD information.
The results show that RSD information is suitable for an efficient hydraulic model calibration,
oriented to discharge estimation at river site where only stages are recorded.
gauged site not equipped for velocity
measurements or located in an area that is not easily reachable by operators. On the other hand, the
main disadvantages are related to the time resolution of the RSD information that is, at the present,
still limited to sporadic snapshots.
Next missions, like SWOT, promise to furnish more accurate information that might be used also for
bathymetry modelling (Durand et al., 2010).
ü
ü
The RSD water levels are estimated on the basis of following steps (Hostache et al., 2009):
extraction of flood extents using a double treshold set on the basis of a land use map;
estimation of water levels coupling RSD flood extents and DEM;
constrain water levels using hydraulic coherence: for subcritical flow, energy can not
increase moving from upstream to downstream.
ü
ü
ü
The procedure was applied using the two SAR images, available for the flood event of January 2003. Fig. 2a
illustrates the flood limit extents estimated using the method proposed by Hostache et al. (2009), while related
water levels are shown in Fig. 2b. The model calibration has been performed with 3500 Monte Carlo simulations and
Fig. 2c shows the pattern of the objective function. Using both images, it has been possible to calibrate the hydraulic
model. The optimum parameter sets along with related performances in discharge estimation at Phaffenthal gauged
section are listed in Tab. 1. As shown in Fig. 2d and listed in tab. 2, using both images a good matching between
observed and simulated discharge hydrographs has been obtained at the upstream end (Pfaffenthal) where water
levels are recorded. Therefore rating curve can be inferred (see Fig. 2e).
Manning’s roughness set is calibrated minimizing the distance of simulated water levels
from the RSD water levels bounds:
and are the min and max RSD water levels respectively, and z| is the
simulated one.
sim
RSD information is available only for overbank flood, so that two areas with different
roughness can be identified depending on the availability of RSD information.
Fig. 2 - ERS-2 Image: (a) Flood limit extents extraction (b) water levels estimation and hydraulic coherence
constraining (c) map of error function (d) discharge estimation at Pfaffenthal gauged site.
Distance from Pfaffenthal [km]
Waterlevel[masl]
Pfaffenthal
RSD Water levelsFlood limit extents Calibration: Error Map
n1
nSAR
nSAR
Pfaffenthal Discharge
Steinsel
Hunsdorf
Lintgen
Mersch
n1
no RSD
data
no RSD
data
RSD data
noRSDdata
n1
DORA Hydraulic
Model
Calibration
Sim. hydraulic
profile
Recorded
Water Level
hydrograph
(Upstream
Boundary
Condition)
Stream gauge SAR sensor
RSDWaterLevels
Optimum
Manning set
Simulated
discharge hydrograph
q =lat q =kup upq
Ainter
Aup
Hydraulic
assumtions
min
SAR
iz
( ) ( ) ( )
=
ì <
ï
ï
= = £ £í
ï
- >ï
î
å
min min
1 min max
1,
max max
- if
, , with , 0 if
if
SAR SAR
i i i isim sim
SAR SAR
up SAR i up SAR i SAR i i isim
i n
SAR SAR
i i i isim sim
z z z z
f n n d n n d n n z z z
z z z z
max
SAR
iz
RSD
waterlevels
Calibration
Image Acquisition time Band Pixel spacing Polarization
ERS-2 2-jan-2003 11:00 C 12.5 m VV
ENVISAT 2-jan-2003 21:57 C 12.5 m VH
Image n [sm ]1
-1/3
nSAR [sm ]
-1/3
NS ΔQ [%]p
ENVISAT 0.047 0.07 0.975 16.11
ERS-2 0.053 0.10 0.990 1.34
360 km2
261 km2
Tab. 1 - Optimum parameter set and performances in discharge
estimation at Pfaffenthall in terms of Nash-sutcliffe efficency, NS,
and peak discharge error ΔQ . n and n are the Manning’s values
for the area without and with RSD information, respectevely.
p 1 SAR
Rating Curve from SAR imagery Space Applications
in Environmental Management
Space Applications
in Environmental Management
Rating Curve from SAR imagery
Luxembourg Earth Observation and Integrated Applications Dayand Integrated Applications Day
Luxembourg, 16 March 2012
1
2
3
Research Institute for Geo-hydrological Protection, National Research Council, via M. Alta 126, 06128 Perugia, Italy
Centre de Recherche Public - Gabriel Lippmann, Rue du Brill 41, L - 4422 Belvaux - Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg
Dep. of Civil,Environmental and Aerospace Engineering, University of Palermo, viale delle Scienze, I-09128 Palermo, Italy
G. Corato , R. Hostache , P. Matgen , T. Moramarco and T. Tucciarelli(1) (2) (2) (1) (3)
G. Corato , R. Hostache , P. Matgen , T. Moramarco and T. Tucciarelli(1) (2) (2) (1) (3)
(b) (c)
(d)
Discharge[m/s]
3
Time [h]
Waterlevel[masl]
Time [h]
ERS-2
ENVISAT
(a)
Lateral Inflow, and upstream discharge, , are proportional to the related basin areas,
:
q , q
A and A
lat up
inter up
is the upstream basin areaA is the interbasin area and Ainter up
Q[m/s]3
h [m]
(e)
Available
Rating Curve
ERS-2
ERS-2
ENVISAT
ENVISAT
Fig. 1 - Water levels
hydrograph of January 2003
event at Pfafenthal with
indication of the acquisition
time of the two SAR images.
Main properties of images
are listed in the table below.