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Praju gurung
- 1. Evaluating the potentialof ecosystem services management to alleviate poverty in the Upper Mustang Region, Nepal International conference on climate change innovation and resilience for sustainable livelihood 12- 14 January 2015 Kathmandu, Nepal Jagat K. Bhusal, Keshav P. Sharma, Deepak Paudel, Santos Regmi, Praju Gurung, Zed Zulkafli, Timos Karpouzoglou, Wouter Buytaert, David M. Hannah, Bhopal Pandey (Mountain EVO Team- SOHAM Nepal)
- 2. Research Objective Tocollect data on Ecosystem Services To understand processes like who, how and where decisions on ESS are being made To understand the existing pressure on these ecosystem services
- 3. Literature Review General Situation Analysis Selection of Village Development Committee Socio-economic Survey Selection of Research Site Detailed Situation Analysis Participatory tools Methodology
- 4. Physiography: Trans-Himalayan Region Area:3144.1 km2 (11 VDC) Population: 7,154 (CBS, 2011)(11 VDC) Climate: Alpine cold, dry, and arid climate Main income source: On farm and off farm Activities Major Ecosystem Services: Provisional services (Food and Water); soil, Rangeland ecosystem, Recreational services and regulating Research Area- Upper Mustang
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- 6. 1. Provisional services (Foodand Water) Mainly yak & goat Cereal crops, cash crops and vegetables, distillery, Fuel wood, Timber, Dry leaves and fodders, Grassland Water for irrigation, drinking, hydro-electricity, mills 2. Regulating services (climate and natural hazards) Maintenance of soil fertility; Biodiversity; Soil erosion, landslide, floods, droughts, Purification of water and air, Pest and disease control 3. Recreational services Key ESS in Upper Mustang
- 7. Practices combinationof agriculture, livestock farming and winter trade followed by tourism Major agricultural production : naked wheat, buckwheat, barley, potato, pulses, wheat and maize. Major fruit : apple and apricot. Major livestock : cow, goat, horse, jhopa and mule Herbs: Yarsagumba, Panchaule, Jimbu Only one crop a year in Upper Mustang and two crop a year in Central Mustang Major Stresses on: Irrigation water : Decreasing stream flow Drinking water: Drying spring sources Agricultural land Pasture land: decreasing grass productivity Livelihood
- 8. Climate change inducedstress on water Annual precipitation has increasing trend where as winter precipitation has decreasing trend Percentage of winter precipitation to annual is more compare to other part of country Yields of water sources found to be continuously decreasing as accumulation of snowfall over the watershed is decreasing Water is sufficient only from June to August
- 9. A Case study:Dhakarjung and Phalyak Village Common source of water- ‘Lumbhuk Stream’ Share water- 3 day for Phalyak and 2 day for Dhakarjung Water collection pond at each village- to store water at night time and irrigate field at day time Shifting farming practice
- 10. Barren Agricultural lands Irrigationwater pond Irrigation practice Apple farming
- 11. Governance Two localleaders: Mukhiya (traditional) and Ward Chairman (elected) Mukhiya (village head) is more effective and major decision maker at local level VDC and DDC are the formal decision making bodies Presence of government and governance is lacking
- 12. Conclusion Agriculture andlivestock rearing followed by tourism and winter trading are major activities Less water availability for irrigation, less manpower, less knowledge on use of advance tools and technology, low information on weather condition and climatic variability , decrease on grassland on grazing area are major problems Improved agriculture practice might play crucial role on poverty alleviation Eco-tourism and trade have opened new avenues of livelihood Effective Mukhiya system has reduced the presence of government and governance Bridging between the governmental bodies and local community is necessary
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