Ozone depletion
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An ozone layer located 20-25 km above the earth's surface absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun, protecting life on earth. Ultraviolet rays decompose oxygen into atomic oxygen, which then combines with molecular oxygen to form ozone. However, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) released into the atmosphere destroy ozone molecules. One chlorine atom can destroy up to 100,000 ozone molecules over time. The Montreal Protocol was formed to phase out the production of CFCs and other ozone-depleting substances.
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Ozone depletion (preetamm iiserb)
1) The document discusses the ozone layer and the effects of ozone depletion on human health and the environment.
2) It describes how chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) released chemicals that destroy the ozone layer, increasing UV radiation levels and potentially causing skin cancer, cataracts, and other negative impacts.
3) International agreements like the Montreal Protocol have sought to phase out CFCs and other ozone-depleting substances to allow the ozone layer to recover over time.
Ozone Layer Depletion
The ozone layer is a thin part of the stratosphere that protects the Earth from harmful UV radiation from the sun. It contains high concentrations of ozone which absorbs most UV radiation. Ozone depletion is caused by ozone-depleting substances like CFCs releasing chlorine and bromine atoms that destroy ozone. This allows more UV radiation to reach the Earth's surface and increases risks of skin cancer, eye cataracts, and harm to plants and animals. International agreements like the Montreal Protocol phased out most ozone-depleting substances, and models predict the ozone layer will recover by 2050-2075.
Ozone Depletion
The document discusses ozone depletion, its causes, effects, and potential solutions. It defines the ozone layer and depletion, noting a large hole observed over the poles. The worst affected region is Antarctica, where ozone levels have dropped over 50% since 1975. Main causes of depletion include chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), sulfur, and stratospheric clouds containing chlorine and bromine. Depletion leads to increased UV rays and consequences like higher skin cancer rates, reduced crop yields, and damage to planktons and eyes. Suggested solutions include phasing out pollutants, international cooperation, and destroying CFCs.
Ozone depletion
The document discusses ozone layer depletion caused by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and the international response. It explains that CFCs released into the atmosphere rise into the stratosphere and destroy ozone molecules, thinning the ozone layer. This allows more harmful ultraviolet radiation to reach the Earth's surface, increasing health and environmental risks. In response, the 1987 Montreal Protocol phased out CFC production and led to the ozone layer's gradual recovery, with full restoration expected by 2060-2075. The Montreal Protocol is considered very successful global environmental cooperation.
Ozone depletion
This document summarizes a seminar on ozone depletion presented by Ravi Singh Jadaun on March 23, 2017 at Jiwanji University in Gwalior, India. It defines the ozone layer, discusses its structure and history. It then explains the causes of ozone depletion, both natural and man-made, focusing on ozone depleting substances like CFCs. The effects of depletion on human health, the environment, marine life and animals are outlined. Finally, solutions to reduce depletion like banning pesticides and using public transportation are proposed.
Ozone layer
The document discusses ozone depletion and the importance of the ozone layer. It explains that the ozone layer is found in the stratosphere between 10-50km above the Earth's surface and protects the surface from harmful UV radiation. It also discusses how CFCs released into the atmosphere were depleting the ozone layer by causing a chemical reaction that breaks down ozone molecules. As a result of the thinning ozone layer, more UV radiation reaches the Earth's surface, increasing risks of skin cancer, eye disease, and damage to food crops and marine life.
Ozone layer depletion
The ozone layer is situated 20-30 km above the Earth's surface and contains 90% of the atmospheric ozone. It is formed through photochemical reactions involving oxygen, molecular oxygen, UV radiation, and ozone. Chlorofluorocarbons and other ozone depleting chemicals released these reactions and led to thinning of the ozone layer, most pronounced in the lower stratosphere. Depletion of the ozone layer has negative effects on human health through increased UV exposure and impacts ecosystems and climate through changes in temperatures and CO2 absorption. The Montreal Protocol was enacted in 1987 to phase out ozone depleting substances and has been successful in stabilizing and beginning to repair the ozone layer.
Ozone layer depletion ppt
The document discusses the ozone layer and the factors contributing to its depletion. It notes that the ozone layer shields the Earth from UV radiation and was discovered to be depleting in the 1970s due to ozone-depleting substances (ODS) released into the atmosphere. The main ODS that damage the ozone layer are listed. The text then outlines the principal steps in how ODS reach the stratosphere and cause ozone depletion, as well as the human health and environmental effects of increased UV exposure due to ozone layer thinning. International agreements like the Montreal Protocol and domestic policies in countries like the Philippines are mentioned as mitigation efforts to prevent further ozone depletion.
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Ozone depletion (preetamm iiserb)
1) The document discusses the ozone layer and the effects of ozone depletion on human health and the environment.
2) It describes how chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) released chemicals that destroy the ozone layer, increasing UV radiation levels and potentially causing skin cancer, cataracts, and other negative impacts.
3) International agreements like the Montreal Protocol have sought to phase out CFCs and other ozone-depleting substances to allow the ozone layer to recover over time.
Ozone Layer Depletion
The ozone layer is a thin part of the stratosphere that protects the Earth from harmful UV radiation from the sun. It contains high concentrations of ozone which absorbs most UV radiation. Ozone depletion is caused by ozone-depleting substances like CFCs releasing chlorine and bromine atoms that destroy ozone. This allows more UV radiation to reach the Earth's surface and increases risks of skin cancer, eye cataracts, and harm to plants and animals. International agreements like the Montreal Protocol phased out most ozone-depleting substances, and models predict the ozone layer will recover by 2050-2075.
Ozone Depletion
The document discusses ozone depletion, its causes, effects, and potential solutions. It defines the ozone layer and depletion, noting a large hole observed over the poles. The worst affected region is Antarctica, where ozone levels have dropped over 50% since 1975. Main causes of depletion include chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), sulfur, and stratospheric clouds containing chlorine and bromine. Depletion leads to increased UV rays and consequences like higher skin cancer rates, reduced crop yields, and damage to planktons and eyes. Suggested solutions include phasing out pollutants, international cooperation, and destroying CFCs.
Ozone depletion
The document discusses ozone layer depletion caused by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and the international response. It explains that CFCs released into the atmosphere rise into the stratosphere and destroy ozone molecules, thinning the ozone layer. This allows more harmful ultraviolet radiation to reach the Earth's surface, increasing health and environmental risks. In response, the 1987 Montreal Protocol phased out CFC production and led to the ozone layer's gradual recovery, with full restoration expected by 2060-2075. The Montreal Protocol is considered very successful global environmental cooperation.
Ozone depletion
This document summarizes a seminar on ozone depletion presented by Ravi Singh Jadaun on March 23, 2017 at Jiwanji University in Gwalior, India. It defines the ozone layer, discusses its structure and history. It then explains the causes of ozone depletion, both natural and man-made, focusing on ozone depleting substances like CFCs. The effects of depletion on human health, the environment, marine life and animals are outlined. Finally, solutions to reduce depletion like banning pesticides and using public transportation are proposed.
Ozone layer
The document discusses ozone depletion and the importance of the ozone layer. It explains that the ozone layer is found in the stratosphere between 10-50km above the Earth's surface and protects the surface from harmful UV radiation. It also discusses how CFCs released into the atmosphere were depleting the ozone layer by causing a chemical reaction that breaks down ozone molecules. As a result of the thinning ozone layer, more UV radiation reaches the Earth's surface, increasing risks of skin cancer, eye disease, and damage to food crops and marine life.
Ozone layer depletion
The ozone layer is situated 20-30 km above the Earth's surface and contains 90% of the atmospheric ozone. It is formed through photochemical reactions involving oxygen, molecular oxygen, UV radiation, and ozone. Chlorofluorocarbons and other ozone depleting chemicals released these reactions and led to thinning of the ozone layer, most pronounced in the lower stratosphere. Depletion of the ozone layer has negative effects on human health through increased UV exposure and impacts ecosystems and climate through changes in temperatures and CO2 absorption. The Montreal Protocol was enacted in 1987 to phase out ozone depleting substances and has been successful in stabilizing and beginning to repair the ozone layer.
Ozone layer depletion ppt
The document discusses the ozone layer and the factors contributing to its depletion. It notes that the ozone layer shields the Earth from UV radiation and was discovered to be depleting in the 1970s due to ozone-depleting substances (ODS) released into the atmosphere. The main ODS that damage the ozone layer are listed. The text then outlines the principal steps in how ODS reach the stratosphere and cause ozone depletion, as well as the human health and environmental effects of increased UV exposure due to ozone layer thinning. International agreements like the Montreal Protocol and domestic policies in countries like the Philippines are mentioned as mitigation efforts to prevent further ozone depletion.
ozone layer depletion
The document summarizes information about the ozone layer, including:
1. The ozone layer is found in the stratosphere and protects life on Earth by absorbing harmful UV radiation.
2. Ozone in the stratosphere ("good ozone") is important, while ground-level tropospheric ozone ("bad ozone") can harm health.
3. Ozone depletion is caused by ozone-depleting substances like CFCs released from products, and one chlorine atom can destroy 100,000 ozone molecules. Depletion is most severe over Antarctica.
Ozone Layer by Girishwar
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OZONE DEPLETION
The atmosphere is divided into five layers. The troposphere contains half of the Earth's atmosphere and is where weather occurs. The stratosphere contains the ozone layer, which absorbs harmful ultraviolet rays from the sun. The mesosphere is where meteors burn up. The thermosphere contains the ionosphere. The outermost layer is the exosphere, which merges into space.
The ozone layer in the stratosphere protects life on Earth by absorbing most of the sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) released chemicals like chlorine when broken down by UV light, which depleted the ozone layer by destroying ozone molecules. International agreements like the Montreal Protocol aimed
The Ozone Layer Depletion
The informative presentation discusses the ozone layer, how it is being depleted, and the effects of depletion. The main causes of ozone layer depletion are harmful gases like CFCs and HFCs used in products like air conditioners and refrigerators. Depletion of the ozone layer leads to increased UV radiation, which can cause skin cancer, eye damage, and weaken the immune system. Solutions discussed include banning harmful gases, reducing pesticide and fossil fuel usage, and increasing public awareness of the problem. The presentation emphasizes the importance of global cooperation to address ozone depletion and mitigate its effects.
Ozone Layer Depletion
The document discusses ozone layer depletion, including that ozone exists in the stratosphere and protects the Earth from UV radiation. Depletion is caused by ozone-destroying chemicals and has led to the formation of the ozone hole, with effects like increased skin cancer rates. Stopping pollution, raising awareness, planting trees, and using renewable energy can help reduce depletion.
Ozone layer depletion
The ozone layer sits 9.3 to 18.6 miles above Earth and shields it from harmful UV radiation. It is formed from ozone, a molecule containing three oxygen atoms that absorbs most UV rays. The ozone layer has been depleted since the 1960s due to gases like CFCs released from aerosols and refrigerants, leading to holes forming. This depletion allows more UV radiation to reach Earth and increases health risks like skin cancer for humans, infections for animals, and decreased crop yields. The 1987 Montreal Protocol aimed to phase out ozone-depleting substances by 2010.
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Ozone layer and depletion
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This document discusses ozone layer depletion. It defines ozone and distinguishes between good and bad ozone. The ozone layer in the stratosphere protects the Earth from UV radiation. Certain chemicals like CFCs used in manufacturing and products deplete the ozone layer when they reach the stratosphere. Volcanic ash also contributes to ozone depletion. Increased UV radiation due to depletion causes health effects in humans like skin cancer and environmental effects like climate change and reduced plankton. The largest ozone hole forms over Antarctica each year. Prevention efforts include using eco-friendly products and reducing emissions.
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The document discusses the ozone layer, how it is formed through the Chapman cycle, and how it is depleted. The ozone layer is a layer in the stratosphere that contains 90% of atmospheric ozone and protects the Earth from harmful UV rays. It is formed through a process called the Chapman cycle where oxygen is converted to ozone. Ozone depletion occurs when gases like CFCs and halons react with ozone due to UV light, destroying the ozone molecules. This depletion leads to the formation of the ozone hole over Antarctica and increased UV radiation reaching the Earth's surface, harming human health, aquatic life, and contributing to global warming.
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The ozone hole
The document discusses the ozone layer, including its location in the stratosphere above the Earth's surface, where it protects life from UV radiation. It describes how CFCs were destroying the ozone layer by being carried into the stratosphere where UV radiation breaks them apart and the chlorine atoms then destroy ozone molecules. In response, the international community enacted the Vienna Convention in 1985 and Montreal Protocol in 1987 to ban CFCs and help the ozone layer recover.
Ozone Layer
The ozone layer in the stratosphere absorbs most UV light from the sun. Ozone is formed when oxygen molecules are split by UV light or lightning, then join with other oxygen molecules to form ozone (O3). Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) used in refrigerants and air conditioners were depleting the ozone layer as they take 10-20 years to break down in the stratosphere, and each chlorine atom can destroy 100,000 ozone molecules. This was causing seasonal thinning of the ozone layer over Antarctica, known as the ozone hole. Thinning of the ozone layer allows more harmful UV-B radiation to pass through, which can damage DNA and
Ozone layer
The ozone layer is a planetary sunscreen located 15-48 kilometers above the Earth's surface that protects life from UV radiation. It is composed of ozone (O3), which is formed when oxygen (O2) absorbs ultraviolet light and splits into single oxygen atoms. Depletion of the ozone layer allows more UV to reach the lower atmosphere and surface, increasing risks of skin cancer, cataracts, and harming plants, plankton, fish and other organisms. Solutions include limiting sun exposure, applying sunscreen, phasing out ozone-depleting chemicals via the Montreal Protocol, and reducing air pollution.
The ozone layer & Its Importance
The PPT Brief About the Ozone Layer?,
Where it is located?,
Why It is Important?
Why it is depleting?,
What are the effects of the Ozone Depletion?,
What to be done to save the ozone layer ?.
Ozone depletion
The document discusses the history of ozone depletion, including the discovery of the ozone layer's protective function and the role of CFCs in damaging it. It describes how scientists in the 1970s hypothesized that CFCs could deplete stratospheric ozone, leading some countries to ban non-essential CFC uses in the late 1970s. The 1987 Montreal Protocol established an international agreement to phase out CFCs, though challenges remain regarding other ozone-depleting substances like methyl bromide. Coordinated global action and the development of alternatives have slowed ozone depletion, but full recovery is not expected until around 2050.
Ozone depletion
The document discusses ozone depletion in the stratosphere. It notes that a thin layer of ozone in the stratosphere protects the Earth from harmful UV radiation. The concentration of ozone is highest at mid-latitudes in the stratosphere. The document then explains that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) released into the atmosphere can travel to the stratosphere and destroy ozone molecules. It highlights that annual ozone depletion over Antarctica reaches up to 70% due to chemical reactions on polar stratospheric clouds that release chlorine. The 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo increased mid-latitude ozone depletion by injecting sulfur into the stratosphere. International agreements aim to phase out CFC production but developing nations
Ozone depletion
Ozone exists naturally in two forms - good ozone in the stratosphere and bad ozone in the troposphere. The ozone layer is a region of the stratosphere that contains naturally occurring ozone. Ozone depletion refers to the reduction of ozone in the stratosphere caused by human emissions of chlorofluorocarbons and other ozone-depleting substances. Effects of ozone depletion include increased UV radiation at the Earth's surface, which can harm humans, plants and animals. While volcanoes also release ozone-depleting substances, human activities are the primary contributor. The only way to stop ozone depletion is to reduce emissions of chlorofluorocarbons and other chemicals that destroy stratospheric o
Ozone layer depletion ppt
The ozone layer absorbs most UV radiation from the sun. It contains high concentrations of ozone and is mainly located in the lower stratosphere. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other halogenated compounds released by human activities are the primary cause of ozone depletion by destroying ozone molecules. This has led to a 4% decline in ozone per decade and the formation of an ozone hole over Antarctica. Increased UV radiation due to ozone depletion poses risks to human health, animals, and crop production. The Montreal Protocol was adopted in 1987 to phase out ozone depleting substances to protect the ozone layer.
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ozone layer depletion
The document summarizes information about the ozone layer, including:
1. The ozone layer is found in the stratosphere and protects life on Earth by absorbing harmful UV radiation.
2. Ozone in the stratosphere ("good ozone") is important, while ground-level tropospheric ozone ("bad ozone") can harm health.
3. Ozone depletion is caused by ozone-depleting substances like CFCs released from products, and one chlorine atom can destroy 100,000 ozone molecules. Depletion is most severe over Antarctica.
Ozone Layer by Girishwar
This is PPT was presented by Mr. Girishwar of 9th std, JNV Lepakshi, to the INOVIT-2015 organised by Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamilnadu on 24-25th Jan 2015.
OZONE DEPLETION
The atmosphere is divided into five layers. The troposphere contains half of the Earth's atmosphere and is where weather occurs. The stratosphere contains the ozone layer, which absorbs harmful ultraviolet rays from the sun. The mesosphere is where meteors burn up. The thermosphere contains the ionosphere. The outermost layer is the exosphere, which merges into space.
The ozone layer in the stratosphere protects life on Earth by absorbing most of the sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) released chemicals like chlorine when broken down by UV light, which depleted the ozone layer by destroying ozone molecules. International agreements like the Montreal Protocol aimed
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Ozone Layer Depletion
The document discusses ozone layer depletion, including that ozone exists in the stratosphere and protects the Earth from UV radiation. Depletion is caused by ozone-destroying chemicals and has led to the formation of the ozone hole, with effects like increased skin cancer rates. Stopping pollution, raising awareness, planting trees, and using renewable energy can help reduce depletion.
Ozone layer depletion
The ozone layer sits 9.3 to 18.6 miles above Earth and shields it from harmful UV radiation. It is formed from ozone, a molecule containing three oxygen atoms that absorbs most UV rays. The ozone layer has been depleted since the 1960s due to gases like CFCs released from aerosols and refrigerants, leading to holes forming. This depletion allows more UV radiation to reach Earth and increases health risks like skin cancer for humans, infections for animals, and decreased crop yields. The 1987 Montreal Protocol aimed to phase out ozone-depleting substances by 2010.
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This document discusses CFC pollution and the politics around regulating it. It provides background on what CFCs are and their effects on the ozone layer. It then outlines the Montreal Protocol which established international agreements to phase out CFC production. While CFC levels have decreased due to these regulations, illegal smuggling continues, with India now being one of the largest producers. The document ends by discussing India's environmental legislation around pollution control.
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Ozone layer and depletion
India has a variety of forest, soil, water, mineral, and energy resources. Forests are classified as tropical, subtropical, or temperate depending on climate and vegetation. Soils include alluvial, black, red, and laterite. Water resources are obtained from the southern oceans and include fish, pearls, and algae. Minerals are located in specific regions and include metals like iron as well as non-metals. Energy comes from non-renewable sources like coal as well as renewable sources such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power.
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This document discusses ozone layer depletion. It defines ozone and distinguishes between good and bad ozone. The ozone layer in the stratosphere protects the Earth from UV radiation. Certain chemicals like CFCs used in manufacturing and products deplete the ozone layer when they reach the stratosphere. Volcanic ash also contributes to ozone depletion. Increased UV radiation due to depletion causes health effects in humans like skin cancer and environmental effects like climate change and reduced plankton. The largest ozone hole forms over Antarctica each year. Prevention efforts include using eco-friendly products and reducing emissions.
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The document discusses the ozone layer, how it is formed through the Chapman cycle, and how it is depleted. The ozone layer is a layer in the stratosphere that contains 90% of atmospheric ozone and protects the Earth from harmful UV rays. It is formed through a process called the Chapman cycle where oxygen is converted to ozone. Ozone depletion occurs when gases like CFCs and halons react with ozone due to UV light, destroying the ozone molecules. This depletion leads to the formation of the ozone hole over Antarctica and increased UV radiation reaching the Earth's surface, harming human health, aquatic life, and contributing to global warming.
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The ozone hole
The document discusses the ozone layer, including its location in the stratosphere above the Earth's surface, where it protects life from UV radiation. It describes how CFCs were destroying the ozone layer by being carried into the stratosphere where UV radiation breaks them apart and the chlorine atoms then destroy ozone molecules. In response, the international community enacted the Vienna Convention in 1985 and Montreal Protocol in 1987 to ban CFCs and help the ozone layer recover.
Ozone Layer
The ozone layer in the stratosphere absorbs most UV light from the sun. Ozone is formed when oxygen molecules are split by UV light or lightning, then join with other oxygen molecules to form ozone (O3). Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) used in refrigerants and air conditioners were depleting the ozone layer as they take 10-20 years to break down in the stratosphere, and each chlorine atom can destroy 100,000 ozone molecules. This was causing seasonal thinning of the ozone layer over Antarctica, known as the ozone hole. Thinning of the ozone layer allows more harmful UV-B radiation to pass through, which can damage DNA and
Ozone layer
The ozone layer is a planetary sunscreen located 15-48 kilometers above the Earth's surface that protects life from UV radiation. It is composed of ozone (O3), which is formed when oxygen (O2) absorbs ultraviolet light and splits into single oxygen atoms. Depletion of the ozone layer allows more UV to reach the lower atmosphere and surface, increasing risks of skin cancer, cataracts, and harming plants, plankton, fish and other organisms. Solutions include limiting sun exposure, applying sunscreen, phasing out ozone-depleting chemicals via the Montreal Protocol, and reducing air pollution.
The ozone layer & Its Importance
The PPT Brief About the Ozone Layer?,
Where it is located?,
Why It is Important?
Why it is depleting?,
What are the effects of the Ozone Depletion?,
What to be done to save the ozone layer ?.
Ozone depletion
The document discusses the history of ozone depletion, including the discovery of the ozone layer's protective function and the role of CFCs in damaging it. It describes how scientists in the 1970s hypothesized that CFCs could deplete stratospheric ozone, leading some countries to ban non-essential CFC uses in the late 1970s. The 1987 Montreal Protocol established an international agreement to phase out CFCs, though challenges remain regarding other ozone-depleting substances like methyl bromide. Coordinated global action and the development of alternatives have slowed ozone depletion, but full recovery is not expected until around 2050.
Ozone depletion
The document discusses ozone depletion in the stratosphere. It notes that a thin layer of ozone in the stratosphere protects the Earth from harmful UV radiation. The concentration of ozone is highest at mid-latitudes in the stratosphere. The document then explains that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) released into the atmosphere can travel to the stratosphere and destroy ozone molecules. It highlights that annual ozone depletion over Antarctica reaches up to 70% due to chemical reactions on polar stratospheric clouds that release chlorine. The 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo increased mid-latitude ozone depletion by injecting sulfur into the stratosphere. International agreements aim to phase out CFC production but developing nations
Ozone depletion
Ozone exists naturally in two forms - good ozone in the stratosphere and bad ozone in the troposphere. The ozone layer is a region of the stratosphere that contains naturally occurring ozone. Ozone depletion refers to the reduction of ozone in the stratosphere caused by human emissions of chlorofluorocarbons and other ozone-depleting substances. Effects of ozone depletion include increased UV radiation at the Earth's surface, which can harm humans, plants and animals. While volcanoes also release ozone-depleting substances, human activities are the primary contributor. The only way to stop ozone depletion is to reduce emissions of chlorofluorocarbons and other chemicals that destroy stratospheric o
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Ozone layer depletion ppt
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Ozone depletion
- 2. A layer of ozone (o3) is present in the stratosphere 20-25 km above the surface of the earth . This layer filters out harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sunlight, thus protects various life form on the earth . It acts like a natural sunscreen for the earth .
- 3. O2 + hv O + O Ultraviolet rays decomposes oxygen in to atomic oxygen by photolytic decomposition . The atomic oxygen thus farmed rapidly reacts with molecular oxygen to form ozone . O + O2 + O3 + ( M is a third body necessary to carry away the energy released in the reaction )
- 4. Ozone thus formed distributes itself in the stratosphere and absorb harmful ultraviolet radiation (200-320 nm ) and it continuously converted back to molecular oxygen . O3 + hv O2 + O
- 5. The destruction is mostly caused by chlorofluoro-carbon (CFC) CCl3F UV CCl2F + Cl CCl2F2 UV CClF2 + Cl Cl + O3 ClO + O2 ClO + O Cl + O2
- 6. In previous reaction Cl Just acts as a catalyst and reappears . It is estimated that one Cl atom can destroy 1,00,000 ozone molecules in one or two years . F C ClCl Cl F C Cl Cl Cl UV radiation hits CFC molecule O OO O Cl O O O Cl ClCl O O O Chlorine atom breaks away Chlorine atom takes one oxygen atom to creat chlorine monoxide Oxygen atom hits Chlorine monoxide molecule Chlorine atom is free and repeat the depletion process Chlorine atom hits Ozone molecule Two oxygen atoms form an oxygen molecule
- 7. CFC is a combination of carbon , hydrogen , fluorine and chlorine . Use of CFC : (1) Used as coolant in refrigerator and air Conditioners . (2) Propellants . (3) Cleaning solvents . (4) Stuffing of Mattresses . CFC released in the troposphere reach the stratosphere and remains there for 65-110 years destroying O3 molecules .
- 8. Ozone – depleting potential (ODP) is the ratio of the impact on ozone caused by a chemical compared to the impact of a similar mass of CFC-11 .The ODP of CFC-11 is 1.0 .
- 9. Substance Uses Ozone Depleting Potential Global warming Potential Chloroflurocarbons (CFCs) Refrigerants, Cleaning solvents, aerosol propellants 0.6 – 1.0 4,680 – 10,72 Halons Fire extinguishers , Explosion protection 3 - 10 1,620 – 7,030 Carbon tetrachloride(CCl4) Production of CFCs , Solvent/diluents 1.1 1380 Methyl chloroform (CHCl3) Industrial solvent for cleaning , inks , correction fluid 0.1 144 Methyl Bromide (CH3Br) Fumigant used to control – Borne pests & diseases in crops prior 0.6 5 Hydro Chloroflurocarbons (HCFCs) Transitional CFC replacements used as refrigerants , solvents 0.01 – 0.5 76 - 2,270 Hydro Flurocarbons (HFCs) CFC replacements used as refrigerants , aerosol propellants , Solvents 0 122 – 14,130
- 10. Ozone depletion in the stratosphere will result in more UV radiation reaching the earth especially UV-B (290-320 nm) . The UV-B radiation affects DNA and the photosynthetic chemicals . Any change in DNA can result in cancer . Easy absorption of UV rays by the lens and cornea of eye will result in increase in incidents of cataract . Melanin producing cells of the apidermis will be destroyed by UV-rays resulting in immunesuppression . Phytoplanktons are sensitive to UV exposure to UV exposure . Ozone depletion will result in decrease in their population thereby affecting the population of zooplankton , fish .
- 11. If the model and measurement of ozone depletion and its possible effects are correct , it is highly essential to stop producing any ozone depleting chemicals now . Even after stopping the production of ozone depletion chemicals , the models indicated that we still will have to wait to 50 – 100 years for the ozone layer to return to 1985 levels , and another 100 – 200 years for full recovery . So the best methord to reduce ozone depleting potential like HCFC , hydrocarbons , ammonia etc . Montreal protocol was formed in 1987 and the participants agreed to freeze production of CFC at 1986 levels and to reduce production by 50% by 1999 .