Brief Introduction to Sericulture, lifecyle of silk worm, types of silk, processing silk production and its marketing, government scheme of production of mulberry and silkworm.
Presentation (1) diseases and pest of silkworm.Dev Dixit
pest of silkworm : Uzifly, Dermestid beetle. diseases: Grasserie,flacherie, muscardine, pebrine . pests and diseases of mulberry tree plant: morus alba, morus indica etc.
Presentation (1) diseases and pest of silkworm.Dev Dixit
pest of silkworm : Uzifly, Dermestid beetle. diseases: Grasserie,flacherie, muscardine, pebrine . pests and diseases of mulberry tree plant: morus alba, morus indica etc.
The rearing of silkworms for the production of silk
is called sericulture.
India is the second largest silk producing country in
the world next to China.
Silk is the secretion from the salivary glands which
are found on both sides of the alimentary canal of
silkworm larvae and this secretion hardens into
fine threads called silk.
Introduction
Sericulture, or silk farming, is the rearing of silkworms for the production of silk.
Species of silkworm
Mulberry silkworm
Tasar silkworm
Muga silkworm
Eri silkworm
Oak silkworm
Giant silkworm
History
Types of silk
Tasar
Eri
Mulberry
Muga
Life cycle
Advantages
Uses
Diseases
Pebrene
Grasserie
Flacherie
Muscardine
Production of silk India
Research Institutes
Artificial production
In vitro culture of embryo
Tissue culture media- Grace’s medium
Cell line production
Nutrition production
Notes on "SERICULTURE" for the school , UG and PG Students.PRANJAL SHARMA
Sericulture, the production of raw silk by means of raising caterpillars (larvae), particularly those of the domesticated silkworm (Bombyx mori). ... Care of the silkworm from the egg stage through completion of the cocoon. Production of mulberry trees that provide leaves upon which the worms feed.
silk worm is a holo metabolous insect four stages are there in its life cycle. 1. Egg 2. Larva ( 5 instars) 3. Pupa 4. Adult. rearing of silkworms is called sericulture. Moriculture is the science of mulberry cultivation to rear silk worms for silk production. Bombyx mori feed specifically on mulberry leaves, Different types of silk worms. There are five major types of silk of commercial importance, obtained from different species of silkworms which in turn feed on a number of food plants: Except mulberry, other varieties of silks are generally termed as non mulberry silks. India has the unique distinction of producing all these commercial varieties of silk. SILK WORM TYPES ARE:- 1. Mulberry silk worm. 2. Tasar silk worm. 3. Oak Tasar silk worm. 4. Eri silk worm. 5. Muga silk worm. silk gland is modified salivary gland produces silk, The silk of silkworms is secreted by a pair of labial gland, known as silk glands. The silk glands lie ventral to the alimentary canal. In full grown larvae, these occupy most of the body cavity. The silk glands are tubular in shape with different diameters in different regions. Each gland has 3 distinct regions
Sericulture is the silk producing agro-industry
India is the second largest silk producing country in the world after china.
Sericulture or silk farming is the rearing of silkworm for the production of silk
Silk is known as queen of textile and biosteel because of its strength
A Chinese tale of the discovery of the silkworm’s silk was by an ancient empress Lei Zu , the wife of the emperor.
She was drinking tea under tree, when a silk cocoon fell into her tea cup and the hot tea loosened the long strand of silk
As she it out, and started to wrap the silk thread around her flinger, she felt the warm sensation
When silk ran out, an larva appeared. She realized that it was this larva that produces the silk
Soon, she taught this to people and it became wide spread
Filling fibers and their scope in pakistanSyedaQandeel
Assalam O Alaikum!
this is where you can find the filling fibers in the world, their uses and also about the scope in Pakistan, the description is given and detailed study can be done by checking the references mentioned. Hope you all like it.
Thanks
The rearing of silkworms for the production of silk
is called sericulture.
India is the second largest silk producing country in
the world next to China.
Silk is the secretion from the salivary glands which
are found on both sides of the alimentary canal of
silkworm larvae and this secretion hardens into
fine threads called silk.
Introduction
Sericulture, or silk farming, is the rearing of silkworms for the production of silk.
Species of silkworm
Mulberry silkworm
Tasar silkworm
Muga silkworm
Eri silkworm
Oak silkworm
Giant silkworm
History
Types of silk
Tasar
Eri
Mulberry
Muga
Life cycle
Advantages
Uses
Diseases
Pebrene
Grasserie
Flacherie
Muscardine
Production of silk India
Research Institutes
Artificial production
In vitro culture of embryo
Tissue culture media- Grace’s medium
Cell line production
Nutrition production
Notes on "SERICULTURE" for the school , UG and PG Students.PRANJAL SHARMA
Sericulture, the production of raw silk by means of raising caterpillars (larvae), particularly those of the domesticated silkworm (Bombyx mori). ... Care of the silkworm from the egg stage through completion of the cocoon. Production of mulberry trees that provide leaves upon which the worms feed.
silk worm is a holo metabolous insect four stages are there in its life cycle. 1. Egg 2. Larva ( 5 instars) 3. Pupa 4. Adult. rearing of silkworms is called sericulture. Moriculture is the science of mulberry cultivation to rear silk worms for silk production. Bombyx mori feed specifically on mulberry leaves, Different types of silk worms. There are five major types of silk of commercial importance, obtained from different species of silkworms which in turn feed on a number of food plants: Except mulberry, other varieties of silks are generally termed as non mulberry silks. India has the unique distinction of producing all these commercial varieties of silk. SILK WORM TYPES ARE:- 1. Mulberry silk worm. 2. Tasar silk worm. 3. Oak Tasar silk worm. 4. Eri silk worm. 5. Muga silk worm. silk gland is modified salivary gland produces silk, The silk of silkworms is secreted by a pair of labial gland, known as silk glands. The silk glands lie ventral to the alimentary canal. In full grown larvae, these occupy most of the body cavity. The silk glands are tubular in shape with different diameters in different regions. Each gland has 3 distinct regions
Sericulture is the silk producing agro-industry
India is the second largest silk producing country in the world after china.
Sericulture or silk farming is the rearing of silkworm for the production of silk
Silk is known as queen of textile and biosteel because of its strength
A Chinese tale of the discovery of the silkworm’s silk was by an ancient empress Lei Zu , the wife of the emperor.
She was drinking tea under tree, when a silk cocoon fell into her tea cup and the hot tea loosened the long strand of silk
As she it out, and started to wrap the silk thread around her flinger, she felt the warm sensation
When silk ran out, an larva appeared. She realized that it was this larva that produces the silk
Soon, she taught this to people and it became wide spread
Filling fibers and their scope in pakistanSyedaQandeel
Assalam O Alaikum!
this is where you can find the filling fibers in the world, their uses and also about the scope in Pakistan, the description is given and detailed study can be done by checking the references mentioned. Hope you all like it.
Thanks
Silk Mark Authorised Users and salesmen are given training about Natural Silk, Silk Mark and other aspects for purchase and sale of pure silk materials
Cotton is a Kharif crop, used in making clothes and in the textile industry. This Kharif crop requires 6-8 months to mature. It’s sown in April-may and harvested in December-January before the winter frost can damage the crop.
ReshaMandi is establishing a value chain for the wool sector of Kashmir.pdfAKASHRai812944
ReshaMandi is developing a wool value supply chain and trying to resolve other glitches for wool growers by facilitating hassle-free procurement of wool.
ReshaMandi is establishing a value chain for the wool sector of Kashmir.pptxAKASHRai812944
ReshaMandi is developing a wool value supply chain and trying to resolve other glitches for wool growers by facilitating hassle-free procurement of wool.
We, the students of Indira Institute of Management, Pune have discussed the International and Indian views on Leather Industry. We discussed the major initiatives taken by the Indian Government for the Leather industry and have suggested leather substitutes in it.
Reference - www.ibef.org
Stored product insect pest:
Primary grain pests attack the whole grain. The eggs are laid inside the grain, before the larvae mature inside the grain and then chew their way out. Some of these pests include the Lesser grain borer, Granary weevil (Sitophilus granarius, the Wheat weevil) and Rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae).
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
Introduction to sericulture
1. Dr. T. RAMESH
Assistant Professor of Zoology
Vivekananda College, Tiruvedakam
IGNOU - Academic Counsellor
faunaldiversity@gmail.com
online counselling session
on
2. CONTENT
• Introduction
• History of Silk
• Silk production in India
• Life cycle of Silkworm
• Types of Silk
• Quality of Cocoons
• Sericulture and rural development
• Economics for Sericulture development
• Funding schemes in India
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3. Introduction
• Sericulture- it is the cultivation of silkworms to produce silk.
• It is a kind of Agro-industry (Agriculture & Industry).
• India stands 5th rank in production of silk (5%) in the world after the China.
• The total annual production of raw silk in India is about 31 lakhs kg.
• Silk is called “Queen of Textiles”.
• Sericulture or silk farming is involves cultivation of host plants & rearing of
silkworm for production of Cocoon- Raw Silk.
• Bombyx mori is the most widely used and intensively studied silkworm.
• Sericulture playing vital role in rural employment, development & economy
growth.
Bombyx mori 3
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4. History of Silk
Silk was discovered by Xilingji (Hsi-ling-chi), wife of China’s 3rd Emperor,
Huangdi (Hoang-Ti), in 2640 B.C. While making tea, Xilingji accidentally
dropped a silkworm cocoon into a cup of hot water and found that the silk
fibre could be loosened and unwound.
After 1200 B.C. Chinese immigrants who had settled in Korea helped in the
emergence of silk industry in Korea.
3rd century B.C. Semiramus establishment silk industries in Japan
Chinese Princess married an Indian Prince- Silk production spread in India
550 A.D. Smuggled from China to other countries.
7th century it spread middle east and Africa.
19th centaury almost machinery in all countries.
First mill was established by “East India Company”
at Howrah in 1832. 4
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5. Silk Production in India
States Production in MT
Karnataka 9800
Andhra Pradesh 5000
Assam 3300
West Bengal 2400
Jharkhand 2300
https://businessfinancearticles.org/silk-producing-countries
Note: MT- Metric Ton
More than 6 million people are involved in the culture
The value of silk product in India is about Rs. 80 corers /annum.
Export of silk brings about Rs. 15 corers in foreign exchange.
Most contribution of silk production by Karnataka & Andra Pradesh.
Bihar, WB, MP, Assam, J&K, TN & Odisha are prominent in silk manufacturing.
At present Karnataka is the premier producing state in India 52%.
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7. Taxonomy
Silk producing insects - Sericigenous insects
Silk moths belong to
Phylum - Artropoda
Class - Insecta
Order - Lepidoptera
Super family - Bombycoidea
Bombycoidea comprises eight families
Bombycidae and Saturnidae are the two important families the
members of which produce natural silk.
There are many commercial species are involved for Silk
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8. Silkworm Lifecycle
Life cycle of the silkworm consists of four stages
i.e. adult, egg, larva, and pupa.
The duration of life cycle is 6 to 8 weeks
depending upon racial characteristics & climatic
conditions.
The moths mate and the females lay 300, to more
than 350 eggs, then
die.
Larvae eat for 20-30
days, consuming
large amounts of
mulberry leaves, and
molt through four
changes of skin or
'instars‘ and then
cocooning. 8
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9. There are Four types of silks
i. MULBERRY
ii. TASAR
iii. ERI
iv. MUGA
Types of Silk
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Major silk produced by Japan, Korea, Russia, Brazil
Bulgaria, China, Italy & India
India 5% Raw Silk & 10 % Tasar- Globally by India
India – Produced all four type of silk
Production is increased 40 %- last 15 years in India
Total raw silk production- 31 lakhs kg/ annum
Mulberry alone- 25 lakhs+Non mulberry- 6 lakhs
Tasar production high in central & north eastern
parts of India. Bihar- 1.25 lakhs people
Eri-limited states- Gangetic plains of Ranchi, Patna
10. Mulberry Silk
It is superior in quality
Mulberry is the food plant of
mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori &
B. mandarina.
Domesticated & reared indoors
About 92 % of the total
production in India.
Bivoltine silk is superior than
Multivoltine.
Well practiced in KA, TN AP, KL
MH, WB & JK
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Life cycle of mulberry worm
11. • It is reared tropical & temperate zones .
• It is from species of Genus Antheraea
A. mylitta (Tropical India)
A. proyli (Temperate India)
A. pernyi (China & USSR)
A. yamamai (Japan)
• It copperish colour used for furnishings &
interiors. It has 3 types of voltinism - reared
outdoors the trees of Asan & Arjuna.
• Bihar, Jharkhand, Chattisgarh, Odisha, MH, AP,
WB.
• Tasar culture main stay for tribal community in
India.
TASAR SILK
A. mylitta
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12. • This silkworm is Philosamia ricini
• Polyphagous- Caster oil plants
• It silkworm has protein rich pupae
• ERI is a multivoltine silk- Indoor reared
• Indigenous preparation of Chaddars-
Tribals own use
• Practised in Assam, Tripura & WB. Now
commercially in many parts of India
ERI SILK
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13. • Muga silk worm- Antheraea assama & produced
golden yellow coloured cocoon
• Muga is pride of Assam- Only in our country
• It contributes only 2% of total silk in India
• Polyphagous- feeds aromatic leaves of Som & Soalu
plants and reared on that trees
• Life span- 50 days in summer & 120 days in winter.
• Produces Sarees, Mekhalas, Chaddars & costly.
• Practised very common in Assam, Nagaland & South
Tripura.
MUGA Silk
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Antheraea assama
14. Lifecycle Silkworm
The larvae extrudes two kind of filaments -protein namely Fibroin (70-80%)
and Gum Protein Sericin (20-30%)
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15. • Globalization- Quality is playing vital role in Sericulture
• Stockholders focusing to produced better quality-International Silk
Standards.
• Quality of Cocoon- Uniform Shape, Size, Colour, less defective
cocoon and good reelability.
• Visual cocoon examination- Melted, Double, Stained, Thin end,
Filmsy and Malformed.
• Quality parameters of Silk- Non breakable filament, evenness,
neatness, elongation, Cohesion, Cleanliness
• The cocoons are priced on the basis Rendita and reeling
parameters. Rendita may be defined as number of kg of cocoon
producing 1 kg of raw silk.
Quality of Cocoon and Silk
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16. • One laying contains 450-500 eggs/12-15kg of mulberry leaves for its
rearing.
• Average 70 – 80 kg of cocoon yield can be obtained from 100 DFLs.
• Production of 1 kg of cocoon needs 18-20 kg of mulberry leaves
• It is purely depends on variety, quality of leaves and season of rearing.
• To rear 100 DFL a bed space required of 700-750 sq.ft. for Multivoltine
and 800-900 sq.ft. for Bivoltine silkworm races.
• Proper systematic planning of silkworm rearing to meet day to day
requirements it should be necessary to asses the leaf production, supply
of in time Chawki worms and labour requirement in addition to
disinfectants to the rearing house.
DFL- Diseases Free Layings
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17. 1. It has high employment potential
2. Important Agro based enterprise
3. Low investment and high returns
4. Women friendly occupations
5. Eco friendly
Importance of silk industry
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18. India has achieved significantly in silk production and productivity, but still facing
certain problems
• Bulk of production achieved only viz Multi or Bivoltine breeds- Silk quality is low by
International Silk Standards.
• Culture practice is very difficult to introduce in many states. National Sericulture
Project (NSP) Since 1990 still limited production.
• Indian Silk Cost is much higher than China. So Indian weavers are imported from China
in cheaper price.
• Production system of China much better than ours. It is essential to improve the quality
and productivity of Indian Silk
• Many places are uprooted mulberry garden- Urbanization & Improper rainfall
• Reeling sector is unorganised in India
• Current productivity of raw silk is low & not fulfil our demand- Import from other
countries .
Constraints of Sericulture Industry in India
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19. Mulberry area : 2.00 acres
Silkworm rearing shed size : 60’L x 20’W (Feet)
A. Mulberry cultivation & maintenance expenditure- First Invest.
B. Silkworm rearing shed- First Invest.
C. Expenditure on Silkworm Rearing Materials- First Invest
D. Silkworm Rearing Expenses
E. Income
Sericulture Economics-as per TNAU
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20. • Mulberry area : 2.00 acres
Silkworm rearing shed size : 60’L x 20’W (Feet)
A. Mulberry cultivation and maintenance expenditure- First Invest.
Sericulture Economics-as per TNAU
Sl.No. Particulars Amount Rs
1. Ploughing 1,000.00
2. FYM 16 tons/ Rs. 450 / tonne) 7,200.00
3. Forming Ridges and Furrows 1,600.00
4. Mulberry cuttings/ Seedlings (@Rs. 1) per 10,000 Nos 10,000.00
5. Transplanting (Labour charges) 1,000.00
6. Weeding 3,000.00
7. Fertilizers cost 1,500.00
8. Foliar spray of nutrients 500.00
9. Irrigation 800.00
Total 26,600.00
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21. 1. Silkworm rearing shed size (60’ x 20’) : 1200 Sq.ft
2. Walls with Hallow blocks( 7’ to 8’ )
3. Coconut fronds for top
3. Door - 6’ to 4’ (one number)
4. Windows - 6’ to 3’ - 13 numbers
5. Cement floor
Total cost of building construction Rs. 1, 25,000
B. Silkworm rearing shed- First Invest.
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22. C. Expenditure on Silkworm Rearing Materials- First Invest
Sl.No. Particulars Amount (Rs.)
1. Shoot harvesting 1500 sq.ft. (1 sq.ft. = Rs.7/-) 10,500.00
2. Chandrike 300 Nos (@Rs. 40/- chandrike) 12,000.00
3. Bed cleaning net s (100 m) (Rs. 2. Per/m) 2,000.00
Total 24,500.00
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23. d. Silkworm Rearing Expenses
Sl.No. Particulars Amount
(Rs.)
1. Cost of eggs for 2000 dfls @ Rs. 5/dfls 5,000.00
2. Spraying for mulberry (10 crops @ Rs.500/ crop) 5,000.00
3. Labour charges 30,000.00
4. Chemical fertilizers for 10 crops 5,000.00
5. Weeding (10 times @ Rs. 500/ weeding) 5,000.00
6. Cost of pesticides and foliar nutrients 2,500.00
7. Irrigation 2,500.00
8. Transport charges to cocoon market 5,600.00
Total 60,100.00
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24. e. Income
Sl.No. Particulars Amount (Rs.)
1. Cocoon harvested per annum (@ 70 kg cocoon/100 dfls) 1400 kg
2. Return (@ Rs. 120 per / kg) 1,68,000.00
3. Annual expenditure 60,100.00
Net profit 1,07,800.00
http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/sericulture/economic%20of%20seri_late%20rearing.html
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25. It is playing vital role on rural economy & employment
1. Raising of Mulberry saplings- Nursery
2. Raising of mulberry garden and silkworm rearing
3. Silkworm egg production/DFLs
4. Reeling and Spinning of Cocoons
5. Twisting of Reeled Silk
6. Weaving
7. Dyeing and Printing
8. Miscellaneous activities
Sericulture and Rural Economy
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26. Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojona (SGRY)
On 2001, Merging some of earlier rural schemes allotted Rs. 6000 Crores
Food for work programme (or NREP)
Scheme 1977 Provide work for rural poor and livelihood security
Development of women and children in Rural areas (DWCRA)
Sub Scheme of IRDP, 1982-1983
Sustainable income generating activities through self
employment
Training of rural youth for self employment (TRYSEM)
On 15 AUG 1979
Technical skill development for self employability to
cross the poverty line
Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP)
Launched 1974-1979 by DRDA Assist them to cross poverty line
Financial Schemes
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27. 1. Central Sericulture Research and Training Institute, Behrampur (WB).
2. Central Sericulture Research and Training Institute, Mysore (KA).
3. Central Tasar Research and Training Institute, Ranchi (Jh).
4. Central Silk Technological Research Institute, Bangalore (KA).
Training centres in India
There are four major research centres for Sericulture in India:
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28. Introduction to sericulture (2008) published by School of Agriculture, IGNOU, ISBN-978-81-266-3341-8.
http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/sericulture/economic%20of%20seri_late%20rearing.html
https://www.aplustopper.com/sericulture-process-of-silk-production/
Reference
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