very easy and best ppt on ozone layer..
you ca understand easily about ozone layer..
it will be some what helpful for you..
i have describe about each basic points accoring to me..
very easy and best ppt on ozone layer..
you ca understand easily about ozone layer..
it will be some what helpful for you..
i have describe about each basic points accoring to me..
Strategic Communication Plan Synthesis Proposal for TalentiAnna Ferrari
My group designed the strategic plan for the brand "Snapple". We Conducted primary and secondary research. I created multi-media advertisements informed by the groups research (pages 15-18).
Build a-bear workshop communication plan final version benchmark assignmentMarchella Christian
This is a benchmark assignment for MAED/AET/560 with Dr. Christine Nortz. It is a communication plan for change within Build-A-Bear organization. This communication plan describes the steps in how to implement change within the organization as well as dispel rumors and address concerns about the change as a change leader. It includes how to launch the plan, the technology needed to accomplish the plan and how to test its effectiveness; as well as how to generate feedback for continuous improvement and to address negative responses or communications about the change. It also will address how change can affect organizational change.
Change Management And Communications for Complex IT ProjectsJanaLee
Explanation of what Small Planet Works includes as part of "Org Change and Communications" for a large, complex IT project. Also an explanation of why these "people issues" are a critical success factor for IT projects.
Ozone is the one and only layer to protect our earth from harmful UV radiation. There are a lot of initiatives taken by many countries to save the ozone layer. Ozone depletion is nowadays one of the hot topics in conferences and seminars. In this presentation, I have briefed on the cause and side effects of ozone depletion. The students from school to master's may take advantage of this presentation
This slides includes all the topics about the ozone layer, ozone depletion, causes and effects. the significant of ozone layer.
This slide emphasize the purpose of ozone layer in our daily living.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdf
Newsletter the ozone
1. The effects of ozone depletion
The definition
of the ozone
layer Teamwork
Resources
The main ozone-
depleting
The ozone
substances
analysis
The
importance
of the ozone
layer
2. The definition of the ozone layer:
The ozone layer is a layer in Earth's atmosphere which contains relatively high concentrations of
ozone (O3). This layer absorbs 97–99% of the Sun's high frequency ultraviolet radiation, which
damages the life forms on Earth. It is mainly located in the lower part of the stratosphere from
approximately 20 to 30 kilometers (12 to 19 mi) above Earth, though the thickness varies seasonally
and geographically. The ozone layer was discovered in 1913 by the French physicists Charles Fabry
and Henri Buisson. Its properties were explored in detail by the British meteorologist G. M. B.
Dobson.
The ozone analysis (Chlorofluorocarbons and ozone):
Many people have heard that the ozone hole is caused by chemicals called chlorofluorocarbons or CFCs.
CFCs spread into the atmosphere from refrigeration and propellant devices. In the lower atmosphere, they
are so stable that they last for years, even decades. This long lifetime allows some of the CFCs to reach the
stratosphere eventually. In the stratosphere, ultraviolet light breaks the bond holding chlorine atoms (Cl) to
the CFC molecule. A free chlorine atom goes on to participate in a series of chemical reactions that both
destroy ozone and return the free chlorine atom to the atmosphere unchanged, where it can destroy more
and more ozone molecules. While the chlorine atoms freed from CFCs do ultimately destroy ozone, the
destruction doesn’t happen immediately. Most of the roaming chlorine that gets separated from CFCs
actually becomes part of two chemicals that—under normal atmospheric conditions—is so stable that
scientists consider them to be long-term reservoirs for chlorine.
The importance of the ozone Layer:
The Ozone Layer acts as a shield for us from very harmful UV rays. If we damage the Ozone Layer any
more, we will put ourselves at an increasingly greater risk.
Without the Ozone Layer we wouldn't be able to survive. UV rays cause skin cancer, damage crops, and
harm ocean life. Without the Ozone Layer the risk of these things would greatly increase. An example of this
is in Australia, where a large amount of ozone has depleted. Around 97% of the citizens have or have had
skin cancer problems due to the exposure to harmful UV rays that leak through the Ozone layer. Another risk
is polar shifting; a complex event occurs when uneven melting of ice shelves occurs. A major hole is now
over Antarctica, where there are ice shelves. If these ice shelves melt, there could be increase coastal
flooding and the poles could shift, causing a violent shift in climate.
3. The Main Ozone-Depleting Substances (ODS):
• Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
The most widely used, accounting for over 80% of total stratospheric ozone depletion.
• Used as coolants in refrigerators, freezers and air conditioners in buildings and cars
manufactured before 1995.
• Found in industrial solvents, dry-cleaning and hospital sterilizers.
• Also used in foam products — such as soft-foam padding (e.g. cushions and mattresses) and
rigid foam (e.g. home insulation).
• Halons (compound gases that damage the ozone layer)
• Used in some fire extinguishers, in cases where materials and equipment would be destroyed by
water or other fire extinguisher chemicals. Halons cause greater damage to the ozone layer than do
CFCs.
• Methyl Chloroform
Used mainly in industry: in vapor degreasing, cleaning, adhesives and chemical processing.
• Carbon Tetrachloride
• Used in solvents and some fire extinguishers.
• Hydro fluorocarbons (HCFCs)
• HCFCs have become major, “transitional” substitutes for CFCs. They are less harmful to
stratospheric ozone than CFCs are. But HCFCs still cause some ozone destruction and are
potent greenhouse gases.
The effects of ozone depletion are:
1- The depletion of the ozone layer and the resulting increase in ultraviolet radiation may lead to accelerate
the rate of the smog, which remains suspended in the air for several days, as happened in London in 1952,
when there was haze atmosphere of this city, during days to nights over a few days, and led to heavy loss of
life, It got to about 4 thousand deaths.
2- Perhaps the most affected areas are the tropical region, a result of high temperature, and the power of the
sun. As some research suggests that half of the plants exposed to radiation UVB, reduced production and
smaller size of their leaves, affecting the production of agricultural crops.
3- As it is explained in some reports, that there is potential for soybean production decreased by 23% as a
result of exposure to this type of radiation. Add to that the chemical compositions, for some types of plants,
may change because of this situation, to the detriment of their content of minerals and nutritional value.
4. 4- The ultraviolet rays of the type of UVB, plays a major role in the formation of skin diseases, and that
means an almost 300 thousand cases of skin cancer every year.
5- Some disease such as: cataracts in the lens of the eye, in addition to injuring the eye disease glaucoma, in
which the eye is unable to resist these rays, and that weakens the effectiveness of the immune system in
humans, and this is what makes people more susceptible to infectious diseases, caused by viruses such as
scabies, as well as the resulting Tuberculosis as a disease by bacteria.
6- Do not stop the negative effects of reducing the ozone layer on humans alone, Contributes destruction of
the ozone layer and the widening hole in this layer to increase the temperature of the earth's surface, and
thus lead to the so-called global warming.
7- On the other hand, there are fears of a weakening of clusters of micro-organisms in the seas and oceans,
known as plankton plant, because of exposure to UV radiation. These objects are an important basis for the
food chain in ecosystems in fresh and salt water, primarily fish.
Resources
1-http://www.research.noaa.gov/climate/t_ozonelayer.html
2-www.oar.noaa.gov/climate/t-ozonelayer.html
Teamwork:
Editor: Hala Alnashed
Designer: Batool Abdeen
Publisher: Marwa Attar& Afaf Alkhalil
Alkods High School/Grade: Second secondary scientific
Supervisor: Mrs. Tonia Bitar
Toniabitar@gmail.com