Overview of Research process
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Research is a scientific process that involves 7 steps: 1) defining the research problem, 2) reviewing relevant literature, 3) formulating hypotheses, 4) preparing the research design, 5) collecting data, 6) analyzing the data, and 7) interpreting the results and writing a report. The overall goal is to systematically collect empirical data to draw conclusions.
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Research process quantitative and qualitative
The document outlines the steps in conducting qualitative research, including: 1) identifying a broad research problem area and objectives; 2) reviewing literature to gain preliminary information; 3) entering the research setting and contacting key informants; 4) selecting a small, qualitative sample and semi-structured data collection tools; 5) collecting data through interviews and observations while building rapport; 6) organizing and analyzing data through techniques like coding and thematic analysis; and 7) disseminating findings in publications or presentations.
Method of data collection and analysis based in Grounded Theory
The document outlines different methods for collecting data in grounded theory research, including continuous monitoring during observations, semi-structured interviews with prepared questions, informal interviews to allow respondents to speak freely, scanning relevant documents, and taking notes from meetings and conversations. It also describes the iterative process of analyzing the data by scanning for themes, summarizing text with labels, identifying frequently used labels, weighing emerging theories, and developing mini theories through triangulation until theoretical saturation is reached.
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This document discusses pilot studies and pretesting research instruments. It defines a pilot study as a miniature version of the planned research that tests various research elements to identify problems. A pilot study covers the entire research process from planning to data collection and analysis. The objectives of a pilot study are to test all aspects of the research proposal and identify issues. Pretesting refers specifically to testing a research instrument like a survey. The purposes of pretesting are to evaluate if the instrument will collect the needed data and if the questions are clear to respondents.
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This document provides an overview of case study research methods. It defines a case study as an in-depth analysis of a single entity within its real-world context. The document discusses case study paradigms, types including intrinsic and instrumental, purposes such as explanatory and exploratory, designs including single and multiple case, methodology involving data collection from documentation and interviews, and analysis techniques like pattern matching. It also reviews issues in reporting case studies and lists some merits like understanding contemporary contexts and demerits like lack of generalization.
Pilot study
A pilot study as on experimental exploratory, test , preliminary , trial or try out investigation.
A trial study carried out before a research design is finalized to assist in defining the research questions or to test the feasibility, reliability and validity of proposed study design.
A small scale study conducted to test the plan and method of a research study.
Ethics in nursing research
The document discusses ethics in nursing research. It defines ethics as moral principles researchers must follow to protect individuals, groups, and communities being studied. Key points include:
- Ethics are important to protect vulnerable groups from harm, safeguard against exploitation, and establish risk-benefit ratios for subjects. Researchers must ensure informed consent, privacy, dignity, and fair treatment.
- Ethical principles in nursing research are beneficence (maximizing benefits and minimizing risks), respect for human dignity (voluntary and informed consent), and justice (fair selection and treatment of subjects, maintaining confidentiality).
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Pilot study
A pilot study as on experimental exploratory, test , preliminary , trial or try out investigation.
A trial study carried out before a research design is finalized to assist in defining the research questions or to test the feasibility, reliability and validity of proposed study design.
A small scale study conducted to test the plan and method of a research study.
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The document discusses ethics in nursing research. It defines ethics as moral principles researchers must follow to protect individuals, groups, and communities being studied. Key points include:
- Ethics are important to protect vulnerable groups from harm, safeguard against exploitation, and establish risk-benefit ratios for subjects. Researchers must ensure informed consent, privacy, dignity, and fair treatment.
- Ethical principles in nursing research are beneficence (maximizing benefits and minimizing risks), respect for human dignity (voluntary and informed consent), and justice (fair selection and treatment of subjects, maintaining confidentiality).
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Research
This document discusses research, including its meaning, objectives, characteristics, significance, and approaches. It defines research as a systematic, organized process of asking questions and gathering evidence to answer them. The objectives of research are to gain new insights and knowledge, accurately portray characteristics of individuals or groups, and test hypotheses. Characteristics include reliability, validity, accuracy, credibility, and generalizability. Research is significant as it encourages scientific thinking, aids in economic and business decision-making, and helps solve social problems. Different approaches to research include quantitative, inferential, experimental, simulation, and qualitative methods. Research methods refer to specific techniques for gathering data while research methodology explains the overall process.
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steps in nursing research include several points
1) terminologies related to nursing research
2) phases of nursing research
3) conceptual phase
4) planning phase
5) analytic phase
6) communication phase
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Research process
The document outlines the seven steps of the research process: 1) defining the research problem, 2) reviewing literature, 3) formulating hypotheses, 4) preparing the research design, 5) data collection, 6) data analysis, and 7) interpretation and report writing. It then focuses on defining the research problem, which is the first step. It discusses identifying the research problem, guidelines for finding a research question, sources of problems, criteria for selection, and techniques for identifying the specific research problem through inductive and deductive reasoning.
Research problem
1. The document discusses identifying and formulating a research problem, which is the first step of the research process. It involves selecting a broad topic and narrowing it down to a specific statement.
2. Several factors are considered when identifying a research problem, including significance to the field of study, originality, feasibility, whether it is solvable, current, and interesting to the researcher. Problems can come from personal or practical experiences, literature, theories, and through consultation with experts.
3. The process of identifying a research problem involves selecting a broad research area, reviewing literature and theories, delimiting the topic, and evaluating the problem by establishing significance, researchability and feasibility before formulating a clear final statement
Research process
The 7 step research process includes: 1) defining the research problem, 2) reviewing relevant literature, 3) formulating testable hypotheses, 4) designing the research methodology, 5) collecting primary data through methods like surveys and interviews, 6) analyzing the collected data, and 7) interpreting the findings and reporting the results. The overall goal is to gather information to initiate, modify, or terminate investments or projects through a systematic process of exploring an issue, collecting evidence, and drawing conclusions.
Scientific method and research
The document discusses scientific method and research. It defines scientific method as integrating deductive and inductive reasoning to systematically study problems through hypothesis formulation, evidence collection, and hypothesis testing. Research is defined as the objective analysis and recording of controlled observations that can lead to generalizations, principles, or theories. The key aspects of research discussed include formulating problems, developing hypotheses, collecting evidence, analyzing data, and reporting results. Both qualitative and quantitative research approaches are described.
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Observation Method is one of the methods for data collection. This method is very much applicable for ethnic research. Expert data collectors are essential to collect data through observation method..
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Qualitative research design
1. The document discusses several qualitative research designs including ethnography, phenomenology, grounded theory, historical research, case study, feminist research, and action research.
2. Qualitative research aims to explore phenomena through words rather than numbers to gain an understanding from the participant's perspective.
3. The key types of qualitative research designs discussed are ethnography which studies culture, phenomenology which describes the meaning of lived experiences, and grounded theory which develops theories grounded in data.
Case study method in research
This document provides an overview of case study research. It defines case study as a qualitative approach that focuses on a bounded system. Case study is not a methodological choice but a choice of what to study. It can be used to answer descriptive and explanatory questions. There are three main types of case studies: intrinsic, instrumental, and collective. Case studies are particularistic, descriptive, and heuristic. They involve collecting data through various techniques. Cross-site analysis strategies help compare multiple cases. Case studies have strengths like providing an in-depth understanding but also limitations such as subjectivity. Examples of famous case studies include studies of Genie the feral child and Jill Price.
Overview research process
Quantitative and qualitative research are two formal approaches to research. Quantitative research involves collecting and analyzing numerical data to establish relationships between variables, while qualitative research uses subjective interpretation to understand human experiences. Both approaches involve identifying a research problem, reviewing literature, collecting and analyzing data, and disseminating findings, but they differ in how variables are defined, what type of data is collected, and how that data is analyzed.
RESEARCH PROBLEM
This document discusses identifying and formulating a research problem. It explains that a research problem is a question a researcher wants to answer or a problem they want to solve. Selecting a good research problem depends on factors like the researcher's knowledge and interests. Some common sources for identifying research problems include personal experience, literature reviews, previous research, theories, and discussions with experts. Formulating a clear research problem is the first critical step in the research process.
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This document discusses research methodology and was presented by S. Harithaa. It defines research as a systematic method for seeking answers to questions through data collection and analysis. The research process involves selecting a topic, reviewing literature, designing the study, collecting and analyzing data, interpreting results, and drawing conclusions. Research has objectives like exploring phenomena, producing new knowledge, making discoveries or policies, and testing hypotheses. It is undertaken for motives such as obtaining degrees, solving problems, gaining knowledge, or contributing to society. There are four main types of research: descriptive vs analytical, quantitative vs qualitative, conceptual vs empirical, and applied vs fundamental.
Identification of variables
The document discusses different types of variables that may be present in research studies. It defines independent and dependent variables as those that are interrelated, with the independent variable being manipulated by the researcher to affect the dependent variable. Research variables are qualities or characteristics that are observed without manipulation. Demographic variables describe characteristics of study subjects, while extraneous variables are uncontrolled factors that may influence dependent variables. The document provides examples of how these different types of variables may appear in descriptive, exploratory, correlational, comparative, experimental, and quasi-experimental study designs.
Research problem
The document discusses research problems, including defining a research problem, identifying sources of research problems, criteria for a good research problem, and the steps involved in formulating a research problem. Specifically, it states that a research problem is a question to be answered or problem to be solved through research. It also notes that selecting a good research problem is challenging but important, as it forms the foundation of the research study. Finally, it outlines the 5-step process for formulating a research problem: 1) selecting a research area, 2) reviewing literature and theories, 3) delimiting the topic, 4) evaluating the problem, and 5) formulating the final problem statement.
Stating the Research Problem
This document discusses how to properly state a research problem. It begins by outlining the general steps, which include identifying the variables and structuring the problem statement. The document then discusses where the problem statement should be located. It focuses on defining different types of variables like independent, dependent, categorical, and extraneous variables. Examples are provided to illustrate each variable type. Guidance is also given on structuring the problem statement for clarity and using the correct structure. The key aspects covered are identifying variables and properly outlining the research problem.
Identification of problem
This document discusses defining a research problem. It begins by stating that identifying a research problem is the first step of the research process and involves selecting a question the researcher wants to answer. It then discusses guidelines for identifying a research problem, such as being aware of existing research, controversial issues, and reviewing literature. The document outlines techniques for identifying specific research problems, including inductive and deductive reasoning. Key steps are stated as generally defining the problem, understanding the problem's nature through discussion, surveying literature, developing ideas through discussion, and rephrasing the problem into an operational research question.
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The document outlines the key characteristics of research including that it follows an orderly and systematic process focused on developing professional knowledge through empirical evidence collection. Research is directed at developing or testing theories to solve problems and generate findings to improve professional practices through representative sampling and appropriate methodology. It also stresses the importance of valid data collection tools, careful recording and analysis of research, and adequate communication of findings which require a researcher's expertise, interest, and motivation.
Qualitative research design
This document discusses and provides examples of 6 qualitative research methods: phenomenological research, ethnographic research, grounded theory, case study research, historical research, and action research. Phenomenological research aims to understand experiences from participants' perspectives. Ethnographic research involves observing and describing cultural groups. Grounded theory develops theories grounded in collected data. Case study provides an in-depth analysis of people, places, or institutions. Historical research evaluates past data to understand the present. Action research aims to solve practical problems through collaborative change and evaluation.
Research
This document discusses research, including its meaning, objectives, characteristics, significance, and approaches. It defines research as a systematic, organized process of asking questions and gathering evidence to answer them. The objectives of research are to gain new insights and knowledge, accurately portray characteristics of individuals or groups, and test hypotheses. Characteristics include reliability, validity, accuracy, credibility, and generalizability. Research is significant as it encourages scientific thinking, aids in economic and business decision-making, and helps solve social problems. Different approaches to research include quantitative, inferential, experimental, simulation, and qualitative methods. Research methods refer to specific techniques for gathering data while research methodology explains the overall process.
Variables in research
This document defines key terms related to variables in research. It discusses that a variable is anything that can take on different values, such as gender or marital status. There are several types of variables: independent variables which are manipulated by the researcher; dependent variables which depend on the independent variables; moderator variables which influence the relationship between independent and dependent variables; intervening variables which link independent and dependent variables but cannot be directly measured; control variables which are kept constant during an experiment; and extraneous variables which are uncontrolled factors that could influence dependent variables. Research involves identifying these different types of variables to understand relationships and effects.
Steps of scientific method
The document outlines the steps of the scientific method which are used to systematically gather knowledge about the world. It explains that the scientific method involves making observations, asking questions, forming hypotheses, performing experiments, analyzing data, and drawing conclusions. Key aspects of the method include identifying independent and dependent variables, stating testable hypotheses, designing experiments to test hypotheses, carefully collecting and analyzing results, and determining if the conclusions drawn from data support or contradict the original hypotheses. The overall goal of using this process is to improve understanding of phenomena through empirical investigation.
Steps in nursing research_vipin
steps in nursing research include several points
1) terminologies related to nursing research
2) phases of nursing research
3) conceptual phase
4) planning phase
5) analytic phase
6) communication phase
Research Report Writing
A research report is a condensed form of a brief description of research work done by the researcher. It involves several steps to present the report in the form of a thesis or dissertation. The purpose of a research report is to present at conferences, publish in journals or articles, and obtain grants or financial aid. It can also have implications or recommendations for clinical practice, education, and administration. A research report should be concise, clear, honest, and complete while maintaining accuracy. It must also show originality and provide ready availability of findings.
Research process
The document outlines the seven steps of the research process: 1) defining the research problem, 2) reviewing literature, 3) formulating hypotheses, 4) preparing the research design, 5) data collection, 6) data analysis, and 7) interpretation and report writing. It then focuses on defining the research problem, which is the first step. It discusses identifying the research problem, guidelines for finding a research question, sources of problems, criteria for selection, and techniques for identifying the specific research problem through inductive and deductive reasoning.
Research problem
1. The document discusses identifying and formulating a research problem, which is the first step of the research process. It involves selecting a broad topic and narrowing it down to a specific statement.
2. Several factors are considered when identifying a research problem, including significance to the field of study, originality, feasibility, whether it is solvable, current, and interesting to the researcher. Problems can come from personal or practical experiences, literature, theories, and through consultation with experts.
3. The process of identifying a research problem involves selecting a broad research area, reviewing literature and theories, delimiting the topic, and evaluating the problem by establishing significance, researchability and feasibility before formulating a clear final statement
Research process
The 7 step research process includes: 1) defining the research problem, 2) reviewing relevant literature, 3) formulating testable hypotheses, 4) designing the research methodology, 5) collecting primary data through methods like surveys and interviews, 6) analyzing the collected data, and 7) interpreting the findings and reporting the results. The overall goal is to gather information to initiate, modify, or terminate investments or projects through a systematic process of exploring an issue, collecting evidence, and drawing conclusions.
Scientific method and research
The document discusses scientific method and research. It defines scientific method as integrating deductive and inductive reasoning to systematically study problems through hypothesis formulation, evidence collection, and hypothesis testing. Research is defined as the objective analysis and recording of controlled observations that can lead to generalizations, principles, or theories. The key aspects of research discussed include formulating problems, developing hypotheses, collecting evidence, analyzing data, and reporting results. Both qualitative and quantitative research approaches are described.
Observation Method
Observation Method is one of the methods for data collection. This method is very much applicable for ethnic research. Expert data collectors are essential to collect data through observation method..
Scientific methods of research
This document discusses the scientific method. It defines scientific methods as systematic investigations aimed at developing general knowledge about natural phenomena through objective and empirical means. The characteristics described include being orderly, attempting to control external factors, and basing findings on evidence that can be generalized. The purposes are listed as description, exploration, explanation, prediction, control, prescription, and identifying relationships. The steps outlined are selecting a topic, defining objectives and variables, stating hypotheses, designing the study, collecting and analyzing data, and communicating findings. Limitations discussed include ethical issues with human subjects, complexity of human behavior, measurement challenges, and difficulty controlling external variables.
Qualitative research design
1. The document discusses several qualitative research designs including ethnography, phenomenology, grounded theory, historical research, case study, feminist research, and action research.
2. Qualitative research aims to explore phenomena through words rather than numbers to gain an understanding from the participant's perspective.
3. The key types of qualitative research designs discussed are ethnography which studies culture, phenomenology which describes the meaning of lived experiences, and grounded theory which develops theories grounded in data.
Case study method in research
This document provides an overview of case study research. It defines case study as a qualitative approach that focuses on a bounded system. Case study is not a methodological choice but a choice of what to study. It can be used to answer descriptive and explanatory questions. There are three main types of case studies: intrinsic, instrumental, and collective. Case studies are particularistic, descriptive, and heuristic. They involve collecting data through various techniques. Cross-site analysis strategies help compare multiple cases. Case studies have strengths like providing an in-depth understanding but also limitations such as subjectivity. Examples of famous case studies include studies of Genie the feral child and Jill Price.
Overview research process
Quantitative and qualitative research are two formal approaches to research. Quantitative research involves collecting and analyzing numerical data to establish relationships between variables, while qualitative research uses subjective interpretation to understand human experiences. Both approaches involve identifying a research problem, reviewing literature, collecting and analyzing data, and disseminating findings, but they differ in how variables are defined, what type of data is collected, and how that data is analyzed.
RESEARCH PROBLEM
This document discusses identifying and formulating a research problem. It explains that a research problem is a question a researcher wants to answer or a problem they want to solve. Selecting a good research problem depends on factors like the researcher's knowledge and interests. Some common sources for identifying research problems include personal experience, literature reviews, previous research, theories, and discussions with experts. Formulating a clear research problem is the first critical step in the research process.
Research Meaning, Definition, Research Process, Types and Motives
This document discusses research methodology and was presented by S. Harithaa. It defines research as a systematic method for seeking answers to questions through data collection and analysis. The research process involves selecting a topic, reviewing literature, designing the study, collecting and analyzing data, interpreting results, and drawing conclusions. Research has objectives like exploring phenomena, producing new knowledge, making discoveries or policies, and testing hypotheses. It is undertaken for motives such as obtaining degrees, solving problems, gaining knowledge, or contributing to society. There are four main types of research: descriptive vs analytical, quantitative vs qualitative, conceptual vs empirical, and applied vs fundamental.
Identification of variables
The document discusses different types of variables that may be present in research studies. It defines independent and dependent variables as those that are interrelated, with the independent variable being manipulated by the researcher to affect the dependent variable. Research variables are qualities or characteristics that are observed without manipulation. Demographic variables describe characteristics of study subjects, while extraneous variables are uncontrolled factors that may influence dependent variables. The document provides examples of how these different types of variables may appear in descriptive, exploratory, correlational, comparative, experimental, and quasi-experimental study designs.
Research problem
The document discusses research problems, including defining a research problem, identifying sources of research problems, criteria for a good research problem, and the steps involved in formulating a research problem. Specifically, it states that a research problem is a question to be answered or problem to be solved through research. It also notes that selecting a good research problem is challenging but important, as it forms the foundation of the research study. Finally, it outlines the 5-step process for formulating a research problem: 1) selecting a research area, 2) reviewing literature and theories, 3) delimiting the topic, 4) evaluating the problem, and 5) formulating the final problem statement.
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Research Meaning, Definition, Research Process, Types and Motives
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This document discusses how to properly state a research problem. It begins by outlining the general steps, which include identifying the variables and structuring the problem statement. The document then discusses where the problem statement should be located. It focuses on defining different types of variables like independent, dependent, categorical, and extraneous variables. Examples are provided to illustrate each variable type. Guidance is also given on structuring the problem statement for clarity and using the correct structure. The key aspects covered are identifying variables and properly outlining the research problem.
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This document discusses defining a research problem. It begins by stating that identifying a research problem is the first step of the research process and involves selecting a question the researcher wants to answer. It then discusses guidelines for identifying a research problem, such as being aware of existing research, controversial issues, and reviewing literature. The document outlines techniques for identifying specific research problems, including inductive and deductive reasoning. Key steps are stated as generally defining the problem, understanding the problem's nature through discussion, surveying literature, developing ideas through discussion, and rephrasing the problem into an operational research question.
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This document defines research and discusses its objectives and significance. Research is defined as a careful, systematic study undertaken to establish principles or policies. The objectives of research are to gain new insights into a phenomenon and to accurately portray characteristics of individuals, situations, or groups. Research is significant as it encourages scientific thinking, leads to new inventions, and helps train people to conduct research in a disciplined, objective manner.
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This document defines research and discusses its objectives and significance. It distinguishes between research methods and methodology. Research is defined as a careful, systematic study undertaken to establish new principles or knowledge. The objectives of research include gaining new insights into phenomena and determining causal relationships between variables. Research encourages scientific thinking and has significance as a profession, in developing logical thinking and enabling understanding of research problems. Research methods are the specific techniques used to conduct research, while research methodology explains the overall procedures for how research should be approached.
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The cubital fossa is a triangular depression located on the anterior aspect of the elbow. It is bounded superiorly by an imaginary line between the medial and lateral epicondyles, medially by the pronator teres muscle, and laterally by the brachioradialis muscle. The major structures passing through the cubital fossa include the brachial artery, median nerve, biceps brachii tendon, and radial nerve. When taking a blood pressure reading, clinicians place the stethoscope over the brachial artery in the cubital fossa.
Axillaryartey
The axillary artery is the continuation of the subclavian artery in the axilla. It passes through the axilla from the outer border of the first rib to the lower border of the teres major muscle, where it becomes the brachial artery. The pectoralis minor muscle divides the axillary artery into three parts, with each part giving off branches to surrounding muscles and structures. The axillary artery and its branches have important relationships that are relevant for clinical procedures.
Axilla
The axilla is the triangular space between the upper arm and chest. It contains nerves, blood vessels, and lymph nodes passing between the neck and upper limb. The walls are formed by muscles and ribs. The axillary artery begins as a continuation of the subclavian artery and divides into three parts above, behind, and below the pectoralis minor muscle. It gives off several branches and terminates becoming the brachial artery. The axillary vein accompanies the artery and drains into the subclavian vein.
Post compartment of arm
The posterior compartment of the arm contains the triceps muscle, which has three heads that originate on the scapula and humerus and insert into the ulna. The triceps is innervated by the radial nerve and supplied by the profunda brachii and ulnar collateral arteries. The radial and ulnar nerves also pass through this compartment, with the radial nerve accompanying the profunda brachii artery in the spiral groove to innervate the triceps and other arm muscles. The ulnar nerve lies posterior to the medial head of the triceps and is accompanied by the superior ulnar collateral vessels.
Pectoral region
This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the pectoral region. It describes the surface landmarks, superficial fascia containing cutaneous nerves, vessels and the platysma muscle. The breast composition and blood supply are explained. The muscles of the pectoral region including pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, subclavius, and serratus anterior are also detailed. Finally, the clavipectoral fascia enclosing the pectoralis minor is briefly outlined.
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This document provides an outline on clubfoot (CTEV), including its epidemiology, causes, anatomy, pathoanatomy, clinical features, imaging, and treatment. CTEV is a relatively common birth defect affecting 1-2 per 1000 births. It involves four deformities: cavus, adductus, varus, and equinus (CAVE). The causes are unknown but may involve genetic or positional factors. Treatment focuses on serial manipulation and casting, especially the Ponseti method, to gradually correct the deformities in a specific order and avoid the need for invasive surgery. The goal is to produce a functional, plantigrade foot.
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- 1. DR. HETA PATEL(PT) PH.D. SCHOLAR Overview of Research Process
- 2. RESEARCH AS PROCESS It is a scientific process of collecting empirical data that are intended for drawing a conclusion.
- 3. 1. Define research problem 2. Review of literature 3.Formulate hypotheses 4. Preparing the research design 5. Data collection 6. Data analysis 7.Interpret ation and report writing 7 Steps