This document provides an overview of gynecological cancers. It discusses that cancer was first described by Hippocrates and is derived from the Greek word for crab. It then discusses the history of International Women's Day. The document defines gynecologic cancer as those affecting the reproductive organs like the cervix, uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, vagina and vulva. It estimates that around 106,000 women in the US are diagnosed with reproductive organ cancer each year. The types of gynecologic cancers are then discussed along with their risk factors and incidence. Prevention strategies like education, vaccination, screening and early treatment are covered. The social ecological model in cancer prevention is briefly introduced. Cervical

1. AN OVERVIEW OF
GYNECOLOGICAL
CANCERS
By
Dr.Hafsa

2. WHAT IS CANCER?
 Hippocrates was the first to use the word “cancer” to describe
tumors .
 Cancer is derived from the Greek word “karkinos” which
means crab.
 DECLARE THE PAST,
 DIAGNOSE THE PRESENT ,
 FORETELL THE FUTURE,
- HIPPOCRATES

5. HISTORY OF WOMAN’S DAY
In 1910, Clara Zetkin – leader of the ‘women’s office’ for the
Social Democratic Party in Germany – tabled the idea of an IWD
In 1911, it was celebrated for the first time in Austria,
Denmark, Germany and Switzerland on March 19.
In 1913, it was decided to transfer IWD to March 8,.
 The day was recognized by the United Nations in 1975.
In 2011, former US President Barack Obama proclaimed March
to be ‘Women’s History Month’.

6. WHAT IS GYNECOLOGIC CANCER?
Gynecologic cancers affect a woman’s reproductive
organs, including cervix, uterus, ovaries, fallopian
tubes, vagina and vulva.

7. INCIDENCE
The American Cancer Society estimates each
year, approximately 106,000 women are
diagnosed with a cancer of the reproductive
organ.

9. TYPES

10. INCIDENCE
uterine ovarian
cervical
vulvar
vaginal

15. UTERINE
Elderly /
nulliparity
Diabetes
/hypertension
Obesity/estrogen
therapy
Menstrual
irregularities

16. OVARIAN

18. VULVAR

19. VAGINAL
Age /smoking
pelvic radiation /Vaginal trauma
HPV infection/HIV infection
Cervical cancer /Chronic vaginal
discharge

21. PREVENTION STRATEGIES
• Primary prevention – education, vaccination
 • Secondary prevention – screening, early
diagnosis and treatment
 • Tertiary prevention – stage wise treatment,
palliation, rehabilitation

22. SOCIAL ECOLOGICAL
MODEL IN CANCER
PREVENTION

23. Reduce risk factors
Identify symptoms
Screening (available only
for cervical cancers)

24. What is cervical cancer
screening?
Cervical cancer screening is
used to find changes in the
cells of the cervix that could
lead to cancer.

25. How is cervical cancer screening done?
Cervical cancer screening includes the Pap test
and, for some women, an HPV test. Both tests use
cells taken from the cervix. The screening process is
simple and fast.

29. HOW ARE REPRODUCTIVE
CANCERS TREATED?
The treatment depends on the type of cancer.

31. THANK YOU