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Otitis Media
Otitis media refers to inflammation of the middle ear, most commonly seen in infants and children between 6 months and 2 years old. It can present as acute otitis media, otitis media with effusion, or chronic suppurative otitis media. Risk factors include young age, allergies, and infections like colds that can cause eustachian tube dysfunction. Treatment involves antibiotics, analgesics, myringotomy, or surgery depending on the type and severity. Proper management is needed to prevent complications and hearing loss.
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Otitis Media
- 1. OTITIS MEDIA Presented By SarjuMaharjan ACAS, BSN 3rd year
- 2. DEFINITION • Inflammation ofmiddle ear • Most common infection of infancy and childhood • common between 6months and 2 years of age
- 3. RISK FACTORS • Youngage/Allergies • Cold/URTI/Sinus infection • Congenital anamolies • Immune deficiency • Bottle feeding
- 5. TYPES • Acute otitismedia(AOM) • Otitis media with effusion(OME) • Chronic suppurative otitis media(CSOM)
- 6. ACUTE OTITIS MEDIA •Painful type of ear infection • Comes quickly and lasts less than 3 weeks • usuallly associated with URTI, measles
- 7. CAUSES • Streptococcus pneumonia •Hemophilus influenza • Allergic rhinitis • Tympanic membranes perforations
- 8. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY • Stage oftubal occlusion • Stage of presuppuration • Stage of suppuration • Stage of resolution • Stage of complication
- 11. Clinical Features • Painand discomfort • Fever • Irritability,restlessness,crying • Ear discharge(ruptured tympanic membranes) • Hearing impairment
- 12. MANAGEMENT • Antibiotic therapy •Symptomatic therapy • Dry heat • Myringotomy • Tympanocentesis • Mastoidectomy
- 13. OTITIS MEDIA WITH EFFUSION •Insidious condition • Follows AOM treated appropriately with antibiotics • Accumulation of non purulent effusion
- 14. PATHOLOGY • Malfunctioning ofeustachian tube • Increased secretory activity of middle ear mucosa
- 15. CLINICAL FEATURES • Hearingimpairment • feeling of fullness • Mild earaches • Delayed and defective speech
- 16. MANAGEMENT • some casesspontaneously resolve within 3 months • Antibiotics,Decongestants • Valsalva manoevre • Politzerization • Myringotomy • Grommet insertion
- 21. CHRONIC SUPPURATIVE OTITIS MEDIA •Chronic ,recurrent infection lasting more than 3 months • Pain rarely present • Result of neglected acute infections • Affects learning ability of child
- 22. CAUSES • Pseudomonas auregenosa •Staphylococcus aureus • Klebsiella • Proteus
- 23. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Repeated Irritation and inflammation MucosalUlceration Formation of Granulation Tissue Destruction of bony margins Different complications
- 24.
- 25. TUBOTYMPANIC CSOM • Safetype of CSOM • Involves Antero-inferior part • Hearing loss not present • Non offensive Mucoid or mucupurulent discharge
- 27. ATTICOANTRAL CSOM • Unsafetype of CSOM • Involves posterosuperior part of middle ear • Associated with bone eroding process • Brownish ,greenish, offensive discharge present • Marginal perforation
- 28. CLINICAL FEATURES • Recurrentear discharge • Hearing loss of varying degree • Perforation of Tympanic membrane
- 29.
- 30. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT • Oralbroad spectrum antibiotics like penicillin, amoxicillin,erythromycin • Topical antibiotics drops • Management of URTI or allergy • Mopping or suctioning of discharge
- 31. SURGICAL MANAGEMENT •MYRINGOPLASTY •CORTICAL MASTOIDECTOMY •RADICALMASTOIDECTOMY •TYMPANOPLASTY
- 33.