Orthopaedics is the branch of medicine concerned with conditions involving the musculoskeletal system. The term was coined in 1741 and combines the Greek words for "straight" and "child." Ancient Egyptians practiced early forms of splinting injuries with bamboo and reeds. Key figures like Hippocrates and Galen described reduction techniques and musculoskeletal anatomy. Modern orthopaedics developed alongside advances like the invention of the X-ray in 1895 and antibiotics. Pioneers like Hugh Owen Thomas established orthopaedics as a surgical specialty and developed devices like the Thomas splint. Today, orthopaedics treats trauma, sports injuries, spine conditions, tumors and other musculoskeletal problems using techniques like casting, implants, plates

1. ORTHOPAEDICS IN
MODERN MEDICINE
DR. BIPUL BORTHAKUR
PROFESSOR
DEPT OF ORTHOPAEDICS.SMCH

2. HISTORY
 The term ORTHOPAEDICS was coined in 1741 by
Nicolas Andre.
 2 Greek words
Orthos — straight
Paidios --- child
 Ancient Egyptians carried out Splinting,
splints were made of bamboo and the reed
padded with linen.
 These generation used Crutches too

3. Nicolas Andre

4. HIPPOCRATES
 The father of medicine 450 B.C
 Described various reduction maneuvers
 Principles of traction and counter-traction
 Correction of clubfoot deformity
 The Hippocratic method of shoulder reduction; is
still used for reducing anterior shoulder dislocation

5. GALEN
 Father of sports medicine
 He described Musculoskeletal and Nervous system
 He coined term “KYPHOSIS, SCOLIOSIS”

6. THE MODERN ERA
 There was rapid developments in Medical Science
during Industrial revolution of Europe and so was
Orthopaedics also.
-Better control of infections
-Introduction of novel technology
-Invention of Xray in 1895 by WILHEM
RONTGEN, Germany.
 In 1942 Austin Moore performed 1st metal hip
arthroplasty

7. WILHEM RONTGEN

8.  Invention of microscope, 1648 by Anton van
Leeuwenhoek
 Invention of micro-organism by Louis Pasteur
 In 1842, Crawford Long discovered ether.
 In 1846, William T.G. Morton publicly demonstrated
the use of ether.
Before that, manipulations in orthopaedics used to
be very crude and painful. Patients were made
unconscious by giving alchol or even hit on head.

9. Picture showing procedure of manipulation

10.  Joseph Lister first promoted the
idea of sterilization and sterile
surgery.
 1942, Alexander Fleming
discovered penicillin.

11.  In 1958, AO group (Association of Ostosynthesis)
also known as Association for the Study of Internal
Fixation (ASIF).
 They are dedicated to improving the care of people
with musculoskeletal injuries and their sequelae
through research, development, education and
quality assurance in the principles, practice and
result of fracture treatment.
 Key people of the AO group:
Maurice Edmond Muller, Robert Schneider,
Hans Willenegger, Martin Allgöwer.

12.  Surgeons who have focused on Orthopedic
surgeries in India:
Dr. R J Katrak,
Dr. N S Narasimha Aiyar
Dr. S R Chandra
Dr. Mukhopadhaya
Dr. K S Grewal

13.  Orthopedic surgery pioneer from Assam:
Dr. Shiba Boruah
Dr. Hema Gogoi
Dr. Nandi Purkayastha
Dr. Biswajit Boruah
Dr. Ronen Chakrabarty
 Earlier orthopedic was practiced under general
surgery.

14. HUGH OWEN THOMAS
 He is considered as father of Orthopaedic surgery
in UK started formal
 Orthopaedic training
 He advocated enforced-
rest as the best remedy-
for fractures and
Tuberculosis

15. THOMAS SPLINT
 This stabilizes fracture Femur and helpful in
transportation of patient

16.  THOMAS COLLAR;
-To treat tuberculosis of Cervical Spine
 THOMAS TEST;
-A method of detecting hip deformity
 THOMAS WRENCH;
-helpful in reducing fractures

17. ROBERT JONE
 Father of Modern
Orthopaedic Surgery

18.  Roberts Jones and Hugh Owen Thomas are the
pioneer in providing institutional formal training of
orthopaedics surgeon comprising physician UK and
USA.
 They are the 1st group of surgeon who dedicated
their whole life for orthopaedic practice

19. INTRODUCTION
 Orthopaedics is the branch of surgery concerned
with conditions involving the;
-Musculoskeletal Trauma
-Sports injuries
-Spine diseases
-Degenerative diseases
-Infections
-Tumors
-Congenital deformities
- joints problem

20. ANATOMICAL PLANES
1. Sagittal
2. Coronal
3. Transverse
TERMINOLOGY
1.Genu; Pertains to knee
2.Cubitus; Pertains to the elbow
3.Coxa; Pertains to Hip

21. FRACTURE
 DEFINITION: It is a break in the continuity of a
bone
 radiologically ------- Uni-or Bicortical break

22. FRACTURE REPAIR
 It is a systemic and organised cascade of regenerative
tissue formation with influence of local and systemic
factors.

23. TREATMENT MODALITIES

24. SOME CASTS

25. BASIC IMPLANTS IN ORTHOPAEDICS
INTERLOCKING NAILS

26. PLATES AND SCREWS

27. EXTERNAL FIXATOR

28.  In case of any suggestions/Questions kindly
message/contact on
Mob: +919435031719
Email: drbipulborthakur@gmail.com
drbborthakur@rediffmail.com
THANK YOU….