The Orthomyxoviridae family contains influenza viruses A, B and C. They are enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses that cause highly contagious airborne respiratory illness. Influenza viruses have segmented genomes that code for proteins including haemagglutinin and neuraminidase, which mediate viral entry and exit from host cells. Influenza spreads through respiratory droplets and can cause complications like pneumonia in at-risk groups. Diagnosis involves virus isolation, antigen detection or PCR. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms, while vaccination aims to prevent influenza strains predicted to circulate annually. Antigenic drift and shift allow influenza to evade immunity and cause seasonal or pandemic outbreaks.