Perception is the process by which individuals receive and interpret sensory information from the external environment to give it meaning. It involves selecting, organizing, and translating stimuli. Perception allows individuals to make decisions and take actions based on their interpretation of sensory information. It is selective, can be influenced by goals and experiences, and results in both overt and covert responses.

5. Perception is the process through which the information from
outside environment is selected, received, organized and
interpreted to make it meaningful to you. This input of
meaningful information results in decisions and actions.
According to Joseph Reitz, Perception includes all those
processes by which an individual receives information about
his environment about his environment—seeing, hearing,
feeling etc.

6. Perception is pre directing
goal.
Perception is highly selective
process.
Perception can be interpreted.
Responses of the perception
can be judge.

7. 1.Sensation
• An individual’s ability to
detect stimuli in the
immediate environment.
2.Selection
• The process a person
uses to eliminate some of
the stimuli that have
been sensed and to retain
others for further
processing.
3. Organization
• The process of placing
selected perceptual
stimuli into a framework
for “storage.”
4.Translation
• The stage of the
perceptual process at
which stimuli are
interpreted and given
meaning.
Organizational Behavior / Perception 7

8. Receiving Stimuli
(External & Internal)
Selecting Stimuli
External factors : Nature,
Location,Size,contrast,
Movement,repetition,similarity
Internal factors : Learning,
needs,age,Interest,
Organizing
Figure Background ,
Perceptual Grouping
( similarity, proximity,
closure, continuity)
Response
Covert: Attitudes ,
Motivation,
Feeling
Overt: Behavior
Interpreting
Attribution ,Stereotyping,
Halo Effect, Projection

11. SENSATION

12. ELEMENTS OF SENSATION
1. Quality: Each sensation has its own special quality, and there is no similarity
between one sensation and the other. The voices of two persons or the
reflections of two colors are found to differ noticeably.
2. Intensity: Sensations differ in respect of their intensity, If two sounds are
created at once, one will be intense than the other.
3. Duration: Every Sensation lasts in the individual for a certain period of time,
which depends upon the ability or capacity of the person.
4. Extensity- This element is not found to exist in each and every sensation. Our
eyes can see a distant object which is quite far away but a loud sound can be
heard from distance also.
5. Clarity: Every sensation possesses the element of clarity and experience
indicates that a sensation remaining for a longer time possesses greater
clarity.

13. Personality
Combination of stable physical and mental
characteristics that gives a person their identity
PERSONALITY DETERMINANTS:
Biological factors:
heredity, physical features, brain
Environment:
socialization process, identification
process, home environment
Situational factors

14. Determinants
Of
Personality
Physical
Cultural &
religious
HereditaryEnvironmental
Situational

15. • An attitude that represents an individual's
degree of like or dislike for an item.
• Attitudes are generally positive or negative
views of a person, place, thing, or event this is
often referred to as the attitude object.

16. Negative attitude:
The tendency of a
person that result in
an undesirable
outcome for
individuals and
organization
Positive attitude:
The predisposition
that results in
desirable outcomes
for individuals and
organizations.

17. The Choice is YOURS
•With a Bad attitude
you can never have a positive day
•With a Positive attitude
you can never have a bad day

18. How can we develop our
personality and attitude ?
We can do this through :
 Self image and self reformation
 Education and hard work
 Discipline and organization
 Belief in goodness's and truth and many
more.

19. EMOTION
• Emotion is a complex psychological phenomenon which occurs as
animals or people live their lives.
• It is Intense feeling that are directed at someone or something

20. EMOTIONS INCLUDE THREE THINGS
• conscious experience (feelings)
• expressions which can be seen by others
• actions of the body ('physiological arousal')

21. CATEGORIES OF EMOTION
• EMOTIONS ARE DIVIDED INTO TWO CATEGORIES
• PRIMARY EMOTIONS
• SECONDARY EMOTIONS

22. Primary emotion
• A primary human emotion types are the one
triggered in response to an event

23. PRIMARY EMOTIONS
• LOVE
• JOY
• ANGER
• SADNESS
• SURPRISE
• FEAR

24. Secondary emotion
• If we experience fear , the secondary emotions would
be : feel threatened or feel anger , depending on the
situation we are experiencing.

25. SECONDARY EMOTIONS
• PASSION
• OPTIMISM
• IRRITATION
• SHAME
• NERVOUSNESS

27. FEELING IS :
- An emotional
reaction.
- The experiencing
of affective and
emotional states.

28. IF YOU NAME SOME OF FEELINGS
NEGATIVE AND POSITIVE

29. HERE ARE SITUATIONS PEOPLE
EXPRESS SOME OF THE FEELINGS ARE
•Someone broke something of yours. (anger)
•Someone wishes to have your new sneaker.
(envy)
•Someone is going to marry (happiness)
•Someone saw a ghost (fear)

30. •Someone graduated from highschool (pride)
•Someone you love shows a lot of interest in
others (jealousy)
•When someone has no doubt to win the
championship. (confidence)
•When someone has gone far away.(sadness)

31. Learning
• A process through
which one’s capacity
or disposition is
changed as a result of
experience – Craig
•The process by which
behavior originates or
is altered through
experience –
Whittaker

33. 1. LEARNING IS INDIVIDUAL.
2. LEARNING IS SOCIAL.
3. LEARNING IS SELF-ACTIVE.
4. LEARNING IS PURPOSIVE.
5. LEARNING IS CREATIVE.