This document describes orbital cellulitis, including its causes, symptoms, potential complications, diagnostic tests, and treatment. Orbital cellulitis is a purulent inflammation of the orbital connective tissue that can be caused by the spread of infection from nearby areas like sinuses or injuries. Symptoms include swelling, eye pain, and vision issues. Without treatment, complications can include abscesses, vision loss, and spread to nearby areas like the brain. Diagnosis involves tests like CT scans and cultures. Treatment consists of broad-spectrum antibiotics, monitoring by multiple specialists, and sometimes surgical drainage or decompression.

1. DR. CHRISTINA SAMUEL

2. Develops from mesenchyme by
ossification
Lacrimal Palatine
Maxillary Zygomatic
Frontal Sphenoid
Ethmoid
28-30ml volume

4. Roof
Floor
Side walls
Orbital apex

5. Roof of orbit
Frontal bone [Orbital plate] & lesser wing of sphenoid
Separated from frontal sinus and anterior
cranial fossa above
Lacrimal gland fossa and trochlear fossa
behind orbital rim

6. Medial wall
Body of sphenoid
Ethmoid
Lacrimal
Maxilla[frontal
process]

7.  Floor of orbit
Maxilla
Zygomatic
Palatine
Triangular segment
- thinnest
Inferior orbital groove

8. Lateral wall
Greater wing –sphenoid
Orbital surface –
Frontal process of zygomatic
Inferiorly – inf orbital fissure
Medially – sup orbital fissure

10. Eye ball
Orbital fat
Connective tissue system
Blood vessels
Nerves
Extraocular muscles

11. Def: Purulent inflammation of the cellular
tissue of the orbit.
Cause:
-Spread of inflammation from neighboring
parts – nasal sinuses, Dacryocystitis, dental
infection, deep injuries, retained foreign
body,
-septic operations, DCR, RD, SQUINT
-posterior extension of suppurative infection
of eye lid, panophthalmitis, facial erysipelas,
- Metastases in pyaemia

12. Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes
Haemophilus influenzae. (children
below 5 years)

13. 1. Swelling, erythema, warmth, pain,
tendernes of the lid
2. Orbital abscess pointing on the skin or
conjunctiva

14. 3. Proptosis – lateral and down
4. Restriction and pain of ocular movements
5. Diplopia
6. Afferent pupillary defect
7. Diminished vision due to compression of
optic nerve, its blood supply, optic neuritis

15. 1. Periorbital abscess
2. Exposure keratopathy
3. C.R.A and C.R.V occlusion
4. Panophthalmitis
5. Intracranial complications
- meningitis, brain abscess,
- Cavernous Sinus thrombosis

16. 1. T.C.D.C,ESR
2. CT orbit, sinus, brain
3. Blood, nasal, conjunctival and
throat culture and sensitivity

17. 1. Broad spectrum antibiotic
2. N.S.A.I.D
3. Steroids
4. Close monitoring by
ophthalmologist, neuro surgeon, ENT
surgeon
5. Surgical – drainage of the abscess,
biopsy, orbital decompression.