Downloaded 141 times
Uploaded byFrank FAMOSE
Ophthalmoscopy
This document discusses ophthalmoscopy techniques for examining the fundus of animal eyes. It describes direct ophthalmoscopy, where a handheld device is placed against the examiner's eye, and indirect ophthalmoscopy, which uses a light source and lenses. Both techniques allow viewing of the retina and optic disc but have different advantages - direct provides higher magnification while indirect allows a wider field of view. Proper animal restraint, pupil dilation, and examination procedure are emphasized. Examples of normal and abnormal fundus findings are also presented.
More Related Content
Similar to Ophthalmoscopy
Ophthalmoscopy
- 1. 26/04/2010 OPHTHALMOSCOPY Dr Frank FAMOSE DVM, CES Ophtalmologie Ekaterinburg May 2010 What is ophthalmoscopy ? ►Fundus examination ►Direct  Tapetum ophthalmoscopy  Non-tapetal zone  Vascularisation ►Indirect  Optic nerve papilla ophthalmoscopy ►Skiascopy 1
- 2. 26/04/2010 Indications â–ş Diagnosis â–ş Inherited ocular disease survey DIRECT OPHTHALMOSCOPY 2
- 3. 26/04/2010 Principles of ophthalmoscopy History â–ş1704: First description of feline ocular fundus â–ş1846-1854 : Babbage-Wharton-Jones â–ş1858 : First use of direct ophthalmology in animals â–ş1892 : First atlas of veterinary ophthalmoscopy 3
- 4. 26/04/2010 Material ►Handheld devices ►Low price Animal’s side Operator’s side Direct ophthalmoscopy : technical aspects 4
- 5. 26/04/2010 What do yousee ? ►Image size  Magnification from x17 to x19  Comparison to optic disc (vision field about 2-3 Odisc) ► Image position  Real image  Erect image Practical realization ►Animal restraint ►Sedation 5
- 6. 26/04/2010 Practical realization ►Dilatation  Tropicamide 0,5%  1 drop ev. 5 min for 20 min ►Dark room Practical realization : step by step ►What to do ? ►How to do ?  Place the ophthalmoscope on  Place it against your right brow your eye (for exam of right eye)  Look for the Fundus reflexion  Look for it from a 0,5 to 0,75 m (green reflex) distance  Get closer  Till the Fundus is full field  Follow eye movements ►Difficulties ?  Keep both eyes opened  Right for right, left for left  Don’t lose fundus reflexion 6
- 7. 26/04/2010 Systematic examination offundus Tapetum Retinal Vessels Non tapetal Optic Zone Disc Systematic examination of fundus First Second quadrant quadrant Fourth Third quadrant quadrant 7
- 8. 26/04/2010 Adjustements ►Rekoss disc  Description -2  Uses ►Light source size ►Light colour ►Grille ►Slit source 15 Pros and cons of direct ophthalmoscopy ►Pros ►Cons  Greater magnification  Small field of view  Grid and slit  Short working distance  Alteration of dioptric  Monocular vision power  Bad vision of peripheral  Lower cost retina  Greater distorsion if opacities 8
- 9.
- 10. 26/04/2010 History â–ş1853 : Ruete â–ş1947: Development in human medicine â–ş1960 : Veterinary use Indirect ophthalmoscopy : technical aspects 10
- 11. 26/04/2010 Equipment ►Light source  Electric lamp  Headband fit ►Optic system  Converging lens  Prisms Equipment : digital fundus camera 11
- 12. 26/04/2010 Practical realization ►Animal restraint ►Sedation Practicalrealization ►Dilatation  Tropicamide 0,5%  1 drop ev. 5 min for 20 min ►Dark room 12
- 13. 26/04/2010 Practical realization: step by step ►What to do ? ►How to do ?  Place the ophthalmoscope on  Adjust pupillary space and your head direction of light source  Look for the Fundus reflexion  Look for it from a 0,5 to 0,75 cm (green reflex) distance  Place the lens 2-3 cm from the  Move it till the Fundus is full field eye  Follow eye movements ►Difficulties ?  Placement of lens  Inversion of movements  Don’t lose fundus reflexion Systematic examination of fundus Tapetum Retinal Vessels Non tapetal Optic Zone Disc 13
- 14. 26/04/2010 Systematic examinationof fundus First Second quadrant quadrant Fourth Third quadrant quadrant Normal fundus - Dog 14
- 15. 26/04/2010 Normal fundus -Dog Normal fundus - Dog 15
- 16. 26/04/2010 Normal fundus -Dog Normal fundus - Dog 16
- 17. 26/04/2010 Retinal degeneration -Cat Central retinal atrophy - Dog 17
- 18. 26/04/2010 Retinal detachement -Dog Adjustements : lenses ►Plan-convex lens : converging effect ►Effect of power of lens  On magnification  On visual field 36 18
- 19. 26/04/2010 Pros and consof indirect ophthalmoscopy ►Pros ►Cons  Larger field of view  Inversion of image  Safer distance from the  Less magnification patient  Technically more  Binocular evaluation difficult  More expensive Conclusion ►Ophthalmoscopy : essential part of eye examination ►Direct and indirect complements each other ►Practice, practice, practice… 38 19