A comparison of famous operating systems and selection for what to choose. The research and compilation of this presentation is done by me www.linkedin.com/in/kashifshamaun and Akhtar Abbas www.linkedin.com/in/akhtarabas
This presentation compares the Mac OS, Windows OS, and Linux OS. It discusses the key features of each operating system, including security, reliability, ease of use, integration, performance monitoring, files management, and compatibility. It notes that Mac OS is most secure due to only running on Apple devices, while Windows has the most compatibility due to its large market share. Linux is open source and free but may not have complete functionality out of the box. In conclusion, the best operating system depends on the user's needs, such as gaming, programming, or graphics production.
1. Mac OS is Apple's proprietary graphical operating system developed for Mac computers. It was originally introduced in 1984 and has since had several major revisions that have brought it to the modern Mac OS X and macOS.
2. The document outlines the history of Mac OS, describing the major versions from the original Macintosh System 1 through modern macOS. It also explains the differences between Mac OS and other systems like Windows and Linux.
3. The key advantages of Mac OS discussed are its ease of use, integration with other Apple products, reliability through unified hardware and software design, and focus on an intuitive user experience. Disadvantages include fewer gaming options, higher prices, and limited compatibility with non-Apple hardware.
Comparison between Windows 8 and Mavericks OS XAjay Jassi
This is a presentation about comparing two operating systems. The OS is chose were Windows 8 and Mac Mavericks OS X. I chose these as Microsoft and Apple are competitors.
This presentation is part of my coursework*
This document compares the major desktop operating systems: Windows, MacOS, and Linux. It discusses their histories, key differences, advantages, and disadvantages. Windows is the most widely used with 80% market share but is costly and less stable than others. MacOS is safer with fewer viruses but only runs on Apple computers which are very expensive. Linux is free and open-source but has limited software compatibility. In conclusion, the best operating system depends on an individual's needs and preferences.
This document discusses three major mobile operating systems: Android, iOS, and RIM. It provides details on the origins and technical underpinnings of Android and iOS. Android was developed by Android Inc which was later acquired by Google. It uses the Linux kernel and is programmed in C/C++ and Java. iOS was created by Apple for the original iPhone and is only available on Apple devices. It is programmed in C, C++ and Objective-C. The document also briefly outlines the history of the Blackberry OS.
A ppt on Mac Operating System by Apple. I've made this presentation simpler by changing the words in it to a simpler English which everyone can understand and explain it easily. For getting customized projects on Information Technology, contact at https://quvor.com
The document compares the operating systems MacOS, Windows OS, and ChromeOS. It discusses their purposes and designs, key advantages and disadvantages, and market share. MacOS is designed by Apple for power and integration with Apple hardware. Windows OS is designed by Microsoft and dominates the PC market. ChromeOS is designed by Google to be simple and cloud-based. The document provides details on the origins, versions, and characteristics of each operating system. It concludes that MacOS is best for power users, Windows OS for developers, and ChromeOS for basic, simple use.
Mac and Windows machines differ in their operating systems, origins, and default programs. Macs run macOS and are produced by Apple, known for their simplicity and integration with Apple devices and iTunes. Windows machines run Microsoft Windows and come from various manufacturers, with more program options but less seamless integration. Both systems have evolved greatly over time and now offer powerful, high-quality devices, although their fundamental designs remain distinct.
This presentation compares the Mac OS, Windows OS, and Linux OS. It discusses the key features of each operating system, including security, reliability, ease of use, integration, performance monitoring, files management, and compatibility. It notes that Mac OS is most secure due to only running on Apple devices, while Windows has the most compatibility due to its large market share. Linux is open source and free but may not have complete functionality out of the box. In conclusion, the best operating system depends on the user's needs, such as gaming, programming, or graphics production.
1. Mac OS is Apple's proprietary graphical operating system developed for Mac computers. It was originally introduced in 1984 and has since had several major revisions that have brought it to the modern Mac OS X and macOS.
2. The document outlines the history of Mac OS, describing the major versions from the original Macintosh System 1 through modern macOS. It also explains the differences between Mac OS and other systems like Windows and Linux.
3. The key advantages of Mac OS discussed are its ease of use, integration with other Apple products, reliability through unified hardware and software design, and focus on an intuitive user experience. Disadvantages include fewer gaming options, higher prices, and limited compatibility with non-Apple hardware.
Comparison between Windows 8 and Mavericks OS XAjay Jassi
This is a presentation about comparing two operating systems. The OS is chose were Windows 8 and Mac Mavericks OS X. I chose these as Microsoft and Apple are competitors.
This presentation is part of my coursework*
This document compares the major desktop operating systems: Windows, MacOS, and Linux. It discusses their histories, key differences, advantages, and disadvantages. Windows is the most widely used with 80% market share but is costly and less stable than others. MacOS is safer with fewer viruses but only runs on Apple computers which are very expensive. Linux is free and open-source but has limited software compatibility. In conclusion, the best operating system depends on an individual's needs and preferences.
This document discusses three major mobile operating systems: Android, iOS, and RIM. It provides details on the origins and technical underpinnings of Android and iOS. Android was developed by Android Inc which was later acquired by Google. It uses the Linux kernel and is programmed in C/C++ and Java. iOS was created by Apple for the original iPhone and is only available on Apple devices. It is programmed in C, C++ and Objective-C. The document also briefly outlines the history of the Blackberry OS.
A ppt on Mac Operating System by Apple. I've made this presentation simpler by changing the words in it to a simpler English which everyone can understand and explain it easily. For getting customized projects on Information Technology, contact at https://quvor.com
The document compares the operating systems MacOS, Windows OS, and ChromeOS. It discusses their purposes and designs, key advantages and disadvantages, and market share. MacOS is designed by Apple for power and integration with Apple hardware. Windows OS is designed by Microsoft and dominates the PC market. ChromeOS is designed by Google to be simple and cloud-based. The document provides details on the origins, versions, and characteristics of each operating system. It concludes that MacOS is best for power users, Windows OS for developers, and ChromeOS for basic, simple use.
Mac and Windows machines differ in their operating systems, origins, and default programs. Macs run macOS and are produced by Apple, known for their simplicity and integration with Apple devices and iTunes. Windows machines run Microsoft Windows and come from various manufacturers, with more program options but less seamless integration. Both systems have evolved greatly over time and now offer powerful, high-quality devices, although their fundamental designs remain distinct.
This document compares the Windows and Linux operating systems. It discusses that Windows was developed by Microsoft to overcome limitations of MS-DOS, while Linux was created in 1991 by Linus Torvalds. It outlines key versions and features of each OS, such as ease of use for Windows and open source nature of Linux. The document compares aspects like security, price, compatibility and bundled software. It concludes that no OS is definitively better, and the best choice depends on the individual user's needs.
This document discusses and compares the main features and pros and cons of three major operating systems: Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux. It explains that Windows has many business applications and support resources available, while Mac OS offers a more intuitive interface and better security compared to Windows. Linux is more secure than Windows and Mac OS X but newer hardware is sometimes slower to be supported. It also compares command line interfaces (CLI) to graphical user interfaces (GUI), noting that CLIs require memorizing commands but are faster once learned, while GUIs are easier for most users but require more system resources.
This document discusses future operating systems and outlines some key points. It introduces operating systems and their purpose, describes some common existing systems like Windows, Mac OS, and Linux. It then discusses operating systems for mobile phones and how they are different from desktop systems. Finally, it suggests some potential features for future operating systems, such as improved user interfaces, 3D graphics, faster connections, better backup systems, compatibility with virtual reality, and a focus on managing resources rather than files and folders.
Windows 8 is a version of Microsoft Windows released in 2012. It introduced a tile-based interface and was designed to work with both mouse/keyboard and touchscreens. Some key features included snap applications to view multiple apps at once, search from the desktop, and stream music from Xbox Music. While Windows 8 provided a faster experience across devices and introduced the Windows app store, some disadvantages were its touch-oriented Metro interface was not as compatible with desktops and multitasking was limited.
Software is a set of instructions that operate the functions of a computer. There are two major types of software used in business - system software and application software. System software includes operating systems like Windows, Linux, and macOS, which manage the activities and control of a computer. Application software are programs designed to help users perform specific tasks, and there are two types: customized software developed for a specific purpose, and general purpose software for broad uses. Major categories of application software include office suites, web browsers, media players, games, graphics editors, and enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems which integrate vital business operations across an organization.
Windows and Mac OS are two of the most popular operating systems. Windows was first released in 1985 by Microsoft and has gone through several versions like Windows XP, Vista, 7, and 8. Mac OS was first released in 1984 by Apple and has progressed from early versions to current versions like OS X Mountain Lion. Both operating systems have advantages and disadvantages related to security, reliability, compatibility and pricing. Overall, the best system depends on an individual's unique preferences and computing needs.
The document discusses several commonly used operating systems including Linux, Windows, BOSS Linux, Solaris, and mobile operating systems. Linux is an open source operating system known for its free and modifiable source code. Windows is Microsoft's popular GUI operating system that dominates the personal computer market. BOSS Linux is an Indian distribution based on Debian that includes office and multimedia applications. Solaris is a Unix-based system introduced by Sun Microsystems known for innovations like DTrace and ZFS. Popular mobile operating systems include Android, Symbian, Windows Phone, iOS, and BlackBerry OS.
This document provides information on various operating systems including Ubuntu, Windows XP, Windows 7, and Mac OS. It discusses key details about each system such as their original release date, developer, new features introduced, and basic design concepts for Mac OS. Ubuntu is described as a Debian-based Linux distribution with Unity as its default desktop environment, while Windows XP was the first widely successful version of Windows after 2000 and included improvements in performance and security.
This document provides an overview of different types of operating systems, including Windows OS, Mac OS, Linux, DOS, and Unix. It discusses the history and key features of each operating system, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. The document focuses on explaining the user interface, applications, and versions of different operating systems like Windows, highlighting Windows XP, Vista, and 10. It also summarizes the origins and uses of Linux, Mac OS, DOS, and Unix operating systems.
Windows is a series of graphical operating systems developed by Microsoft to overcome the limitations of MS-DOS. The first successful versions were Windows 3.0 in 1990, followed by Windows 98, 2000, XP, Vista, 7, and the latest Windows 8. Common features of Windows OS include program execution, interfaces, input/output handling, error handling, memory management, and process management. Current versions include Windows 2000, XP, Vista, 7, and 8, with each subsequent version introducing new features and improvements related to performance, security, and usability.
This presentation discusses several operating systems including Ubuntu, Windows XP, Windows 7, and Mac OS. It provides brief descriptions of each system, noting key facts such as their developers, original release dates, and some of their main features. For example, it states that Ubuntu is a Debian-based Linux distribution named after an African philosophy, Windows XP was released in 2001 for mainstream consumer use, and the original Mac OS was introduced in 1984 and was integral to the original Macintosh.
The Future of the Operating System - Keynote LinuxCon 2015Steven Francia
The document discusses the evolution of operating systems and applications over time. It notes that operating systems originally managed processes and resources on mainframe computers, but now must also schedule application components across distributed systems. Applications have also evolved from monolithic programs to distributed microservices. Docker provides a solution by allowing applications to be broken into containers that provide portability and can be scheduled across infrastructure. Case studies show how Docker has helped organizations build modern distributed applications and achieve continuous delivery from development to production. The future of operating systems lies in platforms like Docker that can manage applications composed of distributed microservices.
This document provides an overview of the Mac operating system (OS) from its origins in 1984 to the current OS X 10.15 Catalina. It discusses what an operating system is and examples like Mac OS X, Windows, Android, and Linux. The history section outlines the development of the Classic Mac OS from 1984 to 2001 and its graphical user interface. It then summarizes the transition to Mac OS X starting in 2001 and the updates through each new version leading to the current free Catalina system. Advantages of the Mac OS mentioned are its ease of use, reliability, and well-designed interface, while disadvantages include cost, limited gaming, and inability to be customized.
The document discusses the history and features of major Windows operating systems. It describes what an operating system is and its core functions. It then outlines the most popular operating systems, including Windows, Mac OS, and Linux. The document proceeds to summarize key details of Windows XP, Vista, 7, 8, and 10 releases, such as hardware requirements, new features introduced, and popular interface elements for each version.
This is a presentation on windows 10. All information about this new family member of Microsoft Corporation is described here in short. Enjoy learning!
this ppt is about basic knowlegde of an OS and is certainly very helpful. helpful for a student. follow me at my instagram
https://www.instagram.com/shantanu_stark/?hl=en
The document discusses Linux vs Windows from a software engineering perspective. It examines which Linux distribution and Windows version should be compared and outlines various comparison factors like functionality, performance, dependability and usability. Ubuntu, Slax and Windows are compared based on these factors, with Linux noted to be better for servers and security/reliability, while Windows is focused more on desktop users and current status. The conclusion is that the nature of the producer can significantly impact requirements.
Windows 10 won’t be launching for quite a while but we already know a lot about Microsoft’s upcoming OS. From Xbox for Windows and Cortana for desktop to a resurrected Start Menu and new multitasking tools, the new platform will offer a bevy of new features. These are the 10 best.
A document about deadlocks in operating systems is summarized as follows:
1. A deadlock occurs when a set of processes form a circular chain where each process is waiting for a resource held by the next process in the chain. The four conditions for deadlock are mutual exclusion, hold and wait, no preemption, and circular wait.
2. Deadlocks can be modeled using a resource allocation graph where processes and resources are vertices and edges represent resource requests. A cycle in the graph indicates a potential deadlock.
3. Methods for handling deadlocks include prevention, avoidance, and detection/recovery. Prevention ensures deadlock conditions cannot occur while avoidance allows the system to dynamically verify new allocations will not
The document provides an overview of the UNIX operating system. It discusses the components of a computer system including hardware, operating system, utilities, and application programs. It then defines the operating system as a program that acts as an interface between the user and computer hardware. The document outlines the goals of an operating system and provides a brief history of the development of UNIX from Multics. It also describes some key concepts of UNIX including the kernel, shell, files, directories, and multi-user capabilities.
This document compares the Windows and Linux operating systems. It discusses that Windows was developed by Microsoft to overcome limitations of MS-DOS, while Linux was created in 1991 by Linus Torvalds. It outlines key versions and features of each OS, such as ease of use for Windows and open source nature of Linux. The document compares aspects like security, price, compatibility and bundled software. It concludes that no OS is definitively better, and the best choice depends on the individual user's needs.
This document discusses and compares the main features and pros and cons of three major operating systems: Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux. It explains that Windows has many business applications and support resources available, while Mac OS offers a more intuitive interface and better security compared to Windows. Linux is more secure than Windows and Mac OS X but newer hardware is sometimes slower to be supported. It also compares command line interfaces (CLI) to graphical user interfaces (GUI), noting that CLIs require memorizing commands but are faster once learned, while GUIs are easier for most users but require more system resources.
This document discusses future operating systems and outlines some key points. It introduces operating systems and their purpose, describes some common existing systems like Windows, Mac OS, and Linux. It then discusses operating systems for mobile phones and how they are different from desktop systems. Finally, it suggests some potential features for future operating systems, such as improved user interfaces, 3D graphics, faster connections, better backup systems, compatibility with virtual reality, and a focus on managing resources rather than files and folders.
Windows 8 is a version of Microsoft Windows released in 2012. It introduced a tile-based interface and was designed to work with both mouse/keyboard and touchscreens. Some key features included snap applications to view multiple apps at once, search from the desktop, and stream music from Xbox Music. While Windows 8 provided a faster experience across devices and introduced the Windows app store, some disadvantages were its touch-oriented Metro interface was not as compatible with desktops and multitasking was limited.
Software is a set of instructions that operate the functions of a computer. There are two major types of software used in business - system software and application software. System software includes operating systems like Windows, Linux, and macOS, which manage the activities and control of a computer. Application software are programs designed to help users perform specific tasks, and there are two types: customized software developed for a specific purpose, and general purpose software for broad uses. Major categories of application software include office suites, web browsers, media players, games, graphics editors, and enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems which integrate vital business operations across an organization.
Windows and Mac OS are two of the most popular operating systems. Windows was first released in 1985 by Microsoft and has gone through several versions like Windows XP, Vista, 7, and 8. Mac OS was first released in 1984 by Apple and has progressed from early versions to current versions like OS X Mountain Lion. Both operating systems have advantages and disadvantages related to security, reliability, compatibility and pricing. Overall, the best system depends on an individual's unique preferences and computing needs.
The document discusses several commonly used operating systems including Linux, Windows, BOSS Linux, Solaris, and mobile operating systems. Linux is an open source operating system known for its free and modifiable source code. Windows is Microsoft's popular GUI operating system that dominates the personal computer market. BOSS Linux is an Indian distribution based on Debian that includes office and multimedia applications. Solaris is a Unix-based system introduced by Sun Microsystems known for innovations like DTrace and ZFS. Popular mobile operating systems include Android, Symbian, Windows Phone, iOS, and BlackBerry OS.
This document provides information on various operating systems including Ubuntu, Windows XP, Windows 7, and Mac OS. It discusses key details about each system such as their original release date, developer, new features introduced, and basic design concepts for Mac OS. Ubuntu is described as a Debian-based Linux distribution with Unity as its default desktop environment, while Windows XP was the first widely successful version of Windows after 2000 and included improvements in performance and security.
This document provides an overview of different types of operating systems, including Windows OS, Mac OS, Linux, DOS, and Unix. It discusses the history and key features of each operating system, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. The document focuses on explaining the user interface, applications, and versions of different operating systems like Windows, highlighting Windows XP, Vista, and 10. It also summarizes the origins and uses of Linux, Mac OS, DOS, and Unix operating systems.
Windows is a series of graphical operating systems developed by Microsoft to overcome the limitations of MS-DOS. The first successful versions were Windows 3.0 in 1990, followed by Windows 98, 2000, XP, Vista, 7, and the latest Windows 8. Common features of Windows OS include program execution, interfaces, input/output handling, error handling, memory management, and process management. Current versions include Windows 2000, XP, Vista, 7, and 8, with each subsequent version introducing new features and improvements related to performance, security, and usability.
This presentation discusses several operating systems including Ubuntu, Windows XP, Windows 7, and Mac OS. It provides brief descriptions of each system, noting key facts such as their developers, original release dates, and some of their main features. For example, it states that Ubuntu is a Debian-based Linux distribution named after an African philosophy, Windows XP was released in 2001 for mainstream consumer use, and the original Mac OS was introduced in 1984 and was integral to the original Macintosh.
The Future of the Operating System - Keynote LinuxCon 2015Steven Francia
The document discusses the evolution of operating systems and applications over time. It notes that operating systems originally managed processes and resources on mainframe computers, but now must also schedule application components across distributed systems. Applications have also evolved from monolithic programs to distributed microservices. Docker provides a solution by allowing applications to be broken into containers that provide portability and can be scheduled across infrastructure. Case studies show how Docker has helped organizations build modern distributed applications and achieve continuous delivery from development to production. The future of operating systems lies in platforms like Docker that can manage applications composed of distributed microservices.
This document provides an overview of the Mac operating system (OS) from its origins in 1984 to the current OS X 10.15 Catalina. It discusses what an operating system is and examples like Mac OS X, Windows, Android, and Linux. The history section outlines the development of the Classic Mac OS from 1984 to 2001 and its graphical user interface. It then summarizes the transition to Mac OS X starting in 2001 and the updates through each new version leading to the current free Catalina system. Advantages of the Mac OS mentioned are its ease of use, reliability, and well-designed interface, while disadvantages include cost, limited gaming, and inability to be customized.
The document discusses the history and features of major Windows operating systems. It describes what an operating system is and its core functions. It then outlines the most popular operating systems, including Windows, Mac OS, and Linux. The document proceeds to summarize key details of Windows XP, Vista, 7, 8, and 10 releases, such as hardware requirements, new features introduced, and popular interface elements for each version.
This is a presentation on windows 10. All information about this new family member of Microsoft Corporation is described here in short. Enjoy learning!
this ppt is about basic knowlegde of an OS and is certainly very helpful. helpful for a student. follow me at my instagram
https://www.instagram.com/shantanu_stark/?hl=en
The document discusses Linux vs Windows from a software engineering perspective. It examines which Linux distribution and Windows version should be compared and outlines various comparison factors like functionality, performance, dependability and usability. Ubuntu, Slax and Windows are compared based on these factors, with Linux noted to be better for servers and security/reliability, while Windows is focused more on desktop users and current status. The conclusion is that the nature of the producer can significantly impact requirements.
Windows 10 won’t be launching for quite a while but we already know a lot about Microsoft’s upcoming OS. From Xbox for Windows and Cortana for desktop to a resurrected Start Menu and new multitasking tools, the new platform will offer a bevy of new features. These are the 10 best.
A document about deadlocks in operating systems is summarized as follows:
1. A deadlock occurs when a set of processes form a circular chain where each process is waiting for a resource held by the next process in the chain. The four conditions for deadlock are mutual exclusion, hold and wait, no preemption, and circular wait.
2. Deadlocks can be modeled using a resource allocation graph where processes and resources are vertices and edges represent resource requests. A cycle in the graph indicates a potential deadlock.
3. Methods for handling deadlocks include prevention, avoidance, and detection/recovery. Prevention ensures deadlock conditions cannot occur while avoidance allows the system to dynamically verify new allocations will not
The document provides an overview of the UNIX operating system. It discusses the components of a computer system including hardware, operating system, utilities, and application programs. It then defines the operating system as a program that acts as an interface between the user and computer hardware. The document outlines the goals of an operating system and provides a brief history of the development of UNIX from Multics. It also describes some key concepts of UNIX including the kernel, shell, files, directories, and multi-user capabilities.
This document provides an overview of UNIX memory management. It discusses the history of UNIX and how it evolved from earlier systems like Multics. It describes swapping as an early technique for virtual memory management in UNIX and how demand paging was later introduced. Key concepts discussed include page tables, page replacement algorithms like two-handed clock, and the kernel memory allocator.
The document discusses the history and characteristics of UNIX operating systems. It describes how UNIX was developed in the 1960s and has since evolved into many different versions. Some key aspects of UNIX include its multi-user and multi-tasking capabilities, large number of free and commercial applications, and importance in internet development. The document also covers UNIX system calls, memory management, process management, and file systems.
Unix uses processes to run programs and operating system functions. There are two types of processes - system processes which execute OS code and user processes which execute user programs. Processes can be in different states like running, ready, blocked etc. The kernel manages processes using data structures like process table entry and user area. Important process management operations include forking to create new processes, wait/exit for process termination, and signals for inter-process communication.
Unix Process Management
Process management is an integral part of any modern day operating system (OS). The OS must allocate resources to processes, enable processes to share and exchange information, protect the resources of each process from other processes and enable synchronisation among processes
Unix is a multi-user, multi-tasking operating system that was first created in 1969 at Bell Labs. It allows many users to use the system simultaneously running multiple programs. Linux originated in 1991 as a personal project and is now a free, open source Unix-like operating system. It features multi-tasking, virtual memory, networking and more. Linux is widely used for servers, workstations, internet services and more due to its low cost, stability, and reliability compared to other operating systems.
The document provides a timeline and overview of the major versions of the Mac OS operating system from 1984 to 2016. It began as System 1, the first GUI-based OS, and progressed through various System and Mac OS versions that introduced features like multitasking, networking, and the modern OS X platform based on Unix. Key versions included OS X in 2001, which was the first Unix-based release, as well as subsequent versions that focused on performance, integration with iOS, and security updates.
This document provides commands for basic file management and system utilities in Linux/Unix systems. It includes commands for listing, moving, copying, deleting and changing permissions of files and directories. It also includes commands for editing files, finding files, archiving files, printing files, managing processes, debugging programs, I/O redirection and setting environment variables.
This document introduces the key concepts of the scientific method and the field of biology. It explains that science involves making observations and formulating hypotheses and theories that can be tested through controlled experiments. The goal is to understand the natural world through evidence-based explanations and predictions. Biology is defined as the study of life, with core characteristics shared by all living things like being made of cells, reproducing, and evolving over time. Different tools like microscopes are used to study biological systems at different levels of organization.
What is Linux?
Command-line Interface, Shell & BASH
Popular commands
File Permissions and Owners
Installing programs
Piping and Scripting
Variables
Common applications in bioinformatics
Conclusion
This document provides information on various chemistry concepts related to solutions and reactions in aqueous solutions. It defines key terms like electrolytes, nonelectrolytes, dissociation, and precipitation reactions. It also discusses acid-base reactions and neutralization reactions. Oxidation-reduction reactions and displacement reactions are introduced. Molarity is defined as a way to quantify concentration in solutions.
The Superuser: Root
Disks and Partitions
Making New Partitions
Mounting Filesystems
Mounting a Filesystem: mount
Mounting Other Filesystems
Unmounting a Filesystem: umount
Sample /etc/fstab
Filesystem Types
Chemistry is the study of properties and changes of matter. It examines matter at both the macroscopic and submicroscopic (atomic/molecular) levels. Matter exists in three main states - solids, liquids, and gases. Chemistry also studies pure substances like elements and compounds as well as mixtures. The scientific method is used to systematically study matter through experimentation and development of hypotheses and theories. Measurements in chemistry utilize metric units and scientific scales like Celsius and Kelvin.
This document discusses the key components of a file system and disk drive operation. It covers disk structure, scheduling, management, and swap space. Disks are made up of logical blocks that are mapped to physical sectors. Scheduling algorithms like FCFS, SSTF, SCAN and C-SCAN are used to optimize disk head movement. Disk formatting partitions disks and writes file system structures. Swap space is used for virtual memory paging.
1. Reproduction in seed plants occurs within flowers or cones through a process called alternation of generations. In this process, haploid gametophytes are produced from diploid sporophytes and fuse during fertilization to form a new diploid sporophyte.
2. Angiosperms and gymnosperms have similar life cycles that involve male and female gametophytes and double fertilization. However, in angiosperms the gametophytes develop within flowers while in gymnosperms they develop within cones.
3. Fertilized flowers produce fruits containing seeds, which are then dispersed by a variety of mechanisms. Seeds may enter dormancy before germinating under suitable conditions
This document provides instructions for setting up and running a Linux system simulation using the Skyeye simulator for ARM architectures. The steps include: 1) Installing Skyeye and a cross-compiler toolchain; 2) Compiling a Linux kernel and filesystem utilities; 3) Creating a root filesystem image; 4) Configuring and running Skyeye with the kernel and filesystem image. This allows testing a complete Linux system without requiring dedicated ARM hardware.
2010 05 02 10 Dr Daniel C Tsui Physics Nobel Prize King Carl Xvi Gustaf Of S...hjk888
Daniel Tsui grew up in a remote village in China and received his early education in Hong Kong where kind teachers inspired him to pursue intellectual frontiers. He came to the US for college and conducted research at Princeton University that led to the 1982 discovery of the fractional quantum Hall effect, for which he shared the 1998 Nobel Prize in Physics. This groundbreaking finding showed that electrons can form new types of particles with fractional charges in strong magnetic fields.
This document provides a comparative analysis of the operating systems Linux, Windows, and Macintosh. It summarizes their key features such as booting process, user interface, system resource management, file management, device administration, and security. For each feature, it provides details about how it is implemented in each operating system and compares them in tabular form. Some of the main points discussed include the graphical versus command line interfaces, different commands and applications used to monitor resources and manage files, and the built-in security measures of each system.
This document provides an introduction to operating systems. It discusses that an operating system acts as an interface between the user and computer hardware, with key functions like executing programs and managing resources efficiently. It describes the popular types of operating systems like Windows, Linux, and Android. It also gives a brief history of operating systems from the earliest generation with no OS to later developments like multiprocessing and distributed systems.
The document presents information about different operating systems, including their history and versions. It discusses major operating systems like Windows, Mac OS, Linux, Android and iOS. Windows operating systems discussed include Windows 1.0 to Windows 10, Windows NT, Windows CE, Windows Phone and OS/2. It also provides brief descriptions of key components of operating systems like the kernel, process management, memory management, security, networking and file systems.
This document discusses computer game platforms, technologies, and operating systems. It begins by recapping platforms like arcade, console, PC, mobile, and television that were covered previously. It then defines an operating system as software that provides an interface between hardware and applications, allowing them to communicate. Different operating systems are dependent on specific hardware architectures. The document outlines the history of operating systems from early machines with no OS to modern graphical user interfaces. It compares operating systems like Windows, Mac OS, and those for handheld and mobile devices. Finally, it mentions device drivers and software elements as part of an upcoming assignment.
The document provides an overview of operating systems, including their purpose, types, and key components. It discusses popular desktop operating systems like Windows, Mac OS, and Linux. It also covers mobile operating systems like Android and iOS. The document outlines the major versions and release years of operating systems like Windows, Mac OS, Windows Phone, and OS/2. It describes the core components of an operating system including the kernel, process management, memory management, security, networking, and file systems.
The document discusses operating systems, providing definitions and examples. It notes that an operating system manages computer hardware and software resources, provides common services for programs, and is required for applications to function. Popular modern operating systems include Android, BSD, iOS, Linux, OS X, QNX, Microsoft Windows, Windows Phone, and IBM z/OS. The document then gives a brief history of several operating systems, including GM-NAA I/O, Unix, MS-DOS, Mac OS, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, IOS, Android, Windows 7, and Windows 8. It concludes by describing some key components and features of operating systems, such as the kernel, program execution, modes, device drivers
This document provides an overview of different operating systems, including Windows, Mac OS, Linux, mobile operating systems, and components of an operating system. It discusses the history and versions of Windows, from Windows 1.0 in 1985 to Windows 10 in 2015. It also covers other operating systems such as Mac OS, Linux, Windows Phone, Windows CE, OS/2, and the key components that make up an operating system like the kernel, process management, and memory management.
This document provides an overview of operating systems including definitions, types, history, examples, components, real-time operating systems, operating system development as a hobby, diversity and portability, market share, and network operating systems. It was presented by Group 6 from the Computer Science and Engineering department of DIU university to lecturer Nasrin Akter.
An operating system is software that enables programs to use computer hardware. It organizes and controls hardware resources and acts as an interface between programs and hardware. Operating systems perform functions like making computers more convenient to use, allowing efficient use of resources, and enabling computers to evolve without interruption. The structure of an operating system consists of four layers - hardware, the operating system software, system programs, and application programs. Early operating systems used batch processing where jobs were submitted in batches to be executed together, while later systems used multiprogramming and time sharing to allow simultaneous execution of multiple programs. Operating systems can also be classified as single-user or multi-user depending on how many users they support at once.
The document provides an introduction and overview of operating systems. It begins with a disclaimer and outline of topics to be covered in Chapter 1, including definitions of operating systems and their goals. It then describes the components of a computer system from both a hardware and software perspective, including application programs, system programs, operating systems, machine language, microprograms, and physical devices. The document continues with a discussion of the evolution of operating systems and different types of operating systems such as single-user, distributed, network, multiprocessor, real-time, and embedded operating systems. It concludes with sections on various computing environments including traditional, mobile, distributed, client-server, peer-to-peer, virtualization, and cloud computing.
Introduction To computer (discovery of computer)Athar Mutahari
This document discusses operating systems and embedded operating systems. It provides details about various desktop operating systems like Windows, Mac OS X, UNIX/Linux. It also discusses network operating systems for servers and embedded operating systems used in devices like smartphones, PDAs and others. Key topics covered include functions of operating systems, booting process, memory management, scheduling jobs, Windows versions comparison, features of Windows Vista, Mac OS X and Linux operating systems. Embedded operating systems discussed include Windows Embedded CE, Palm OS, Blackberry OS, Embedded Linux and Symbian OS.
The document discusses operating systems, their components, functions, and history. It provides an overview of:
1) What an operating system is and its main goals of executing programs, making the computer convenient to use, and efficiently managing hardware resources.
2) The typical components of a computer system including hardware, operating system, application programs, and users.
3) The functions of an operating system which include providing a user environment, resource management, and error detection.
The document contains an assignment with 6 questions. Question 1 asks to explain 4 major functions and 4 services of an operating system. Question 2 asks to describe the main features, limitations, and strengths of 6 types of operating systems and 2 kernel types. Question 3 asks what type of OS would meet requirements in 5 environments. Question 4 contains 10 true/false statements about operating systems. Questions 5-6 ask to explain interrupt servicing mechanisms, program-controlled I/O, interrupt-driven I/O, DMA, and spooling.
Unit I (8 Hrs)
Introduction to System Software , Overview of all system software’s: Operating system
I/O manager, Assembler, Compiler, Linker ,Loader.
Introductory Concepts: Operating system functions and characteristics, historical evolution
of operating systems, Real time systems, Distributed systems.
Unit II (8 Hrs)
Operating Systems: Methodologies for implementation of O/S service system calls,
system programs, Interrupt mechanisms.
Process - Concept of process and threads, Process states, Process management, Context
switching
Interaction between processes and OS Multithreading Process Control, Job schedulers,
Job Scheduling, scheduling criteria, scheduling algorithms
Unit III (8 Hrs)
Concurrency Control : Concurrency and Race Conditions, Mutual exclusion requirements
Software and hardware solutions, Semaphores, Monitors, Classical IPC problems and
solutions.
Deadlock : Characterization, Detection, Recovery, Avoidance and Prevention.
Unit IV (8 Hrs)
Memory management: Contiguous and non-contiguous, Swapping, Paging, Segmentation
and demand Paging, Virtual Memory, Management of Virtual memory: allocation, fetch and
replacement
Unit V (8 Hrs)
File Management: Concept, Access methods, Directory Structure, Protection, File System
implementation, Directory Implementation, Allocation methods, Free Space management,
efficiency and performance
IO systems: disk structure, disk scheduling, disk management.
Unit VI (8 Hrs)
Case Study of Linux: Structure of LINUX, design principles, kernel, process management and
scheduling, file systems installing requirement, basic architecture of UNIX/Linux system, Kernel,
Shell Commands for files and directories cd, cp, mv, rm, mkdir, more, less, creating and viewing
files, using cat, file comparisons, View files, disk related commands, checking disk free spaces,
Essential linux commands.
Understanding shells, Processes in linux – process fundamentals, connecting processes with pipes,
Redirecting input output, manual help, Background processing, managing multiple processes,
changing process priority, scheduling of processes at command, batch commands, kill, ps, who,
sleep, Printing commands, grep, fgrep, find, sort, cal, banner, touch, file, file related commands – ws,sat, cut, grep, dd, etc. Mathematical commands – bc, expr, factor, units. Vi, joe, vim editor
The document discusses different types of operating systems. It begins by defining an operating system as an interface between the user and computer hardware that manages resources and allows applications to run. It then covers the main functions of operating systems like memory management, process management, and file management. The rest of the document summarizes different categories of operating systems including GUI, multi-user, multi-tasking, multi-processing, and multi-threading operating systems. It also provides examples like Windows, Mac OS, Linux, and discusses some of their features. Server operating systems and their applications are covered as well as some popular mobile operating systems.
The document discusses different operating systems including Linux, Windows, Netware and Unix. It describes that an operating system is system software that manages computer hardware and resources. It provides functions like device management, process management, memory management etc. Operating systems can be classified based on interface like graphical or command line, and based on usage like network OS or client OS. Examples of different Windows and Linux operating systems are provided along with their components and key principles. The document also discusses OS upgrading, updating and dual boot systems.
The document discusses operating systems, describing them as software that enables computer programs to run by managing hardware resources and providing common services. It outlines the main functions of operating systems like memory management, I/O control, and file management. The evolution of operating systems is traced from early batch processing systems to time-sharing, personal computing, and distributed systems of today. Key innovations that enabled each phase are highlighted.
An operating system provides an environment for program execution and services to programs and users. It manages computer memory, processes, software and hardware. Without an operating system, a computer is useless. Common operating systems include Linux, Windows, Mac OS X, and Solaris. Operating systems are also classified as single-user or multi-user and by whether they support mobile devices, multi-threading or multiprocessing. Key software for operating systems includes kernels and system programs. Examples of operating systems include Mac OS 9, Android OS, Debian Linux and Windows 7.
An operating system is a set of programs that manages computer hardware resources and provides common services for computer programs. It controls input/output devices, allocates storage and processing time, and presents a simplified view of the system to users and programs. Key functions of an operating system include efficiently utilizing resources, isolating users from hardware complexities, and loading itself into memory on startup. Operating systems are designed for different operational modes like batch, time-sharing, and real-time to suit various usage scenarios.
Srishti Gupta thanks the Information Technology Training Center and faculty of the Gurugram Branch of NIRC of ICAI for giving her the opportunity to encourage her innovativeness and extra-curricular interests. She also thanks her mentor Ms. Shilpa Kaushik, her parents, and all her friends for their continuous encouragement. The document appears to be Srishti Gupta expressing her gratitude to various organizations and individuals for their support.
“An Outlook of the Ongoing and Future Relationship between Blockchain Technologies and Process-aware Information Systems.” Invited talk at the joint workshop on Blockchain for Information Systems (BC4IS) and Blockchain for Trusted Data Sharing (B4TDS), co-located with with the 36th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE), 3 June 2024, Limassol, Cyprus.
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, van Emden covers the basics of scaling edge AI solutions using the Nx tool kit. He emphasizes the process of developing AI models and deploying them globally. He also showcases the conversion of AI models and the creation of effective edge AI pipelines, with a focus on pre-processing, model conversion, selecting the appropriate inference engine for the target hardware and post-processing.
van Emden shows how Nx can simplify the developer’s life and facilitate a rapid transition from concept to production-ready applications.He provides valuable insights into developing scalable and efficient edge AI solutions, with a strong focus on practical implementation.
AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial IntelligenceIndexBug
Imagine a world where machines not only perform tasks but also learn, adapt, and make decisions. This is the promise of Artificial Intelligence (AI), a technology that's not just enhancing our lives but revolutionizing entire industries.
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!SOFTTECHHUB
As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalizationZilliz
Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
5. AIM What all is happening in Operating System arena? Do we have choice other than what we have? What is good for us? Would adaptation to new technology be possible? 5
6. SEQUENCE Part I Understanding Operating System Part II Brief history Part III Comparison of operating systems Conclusion Questions 6
8. WHAT IS OPERATING SYSTEM Set of programs containing instructions that work together to coordinate all the activities among computer hardware resources. The interface between the user and the computer hardware. 8
33. WHAT TO CHOOSE Cyber warfare secure (to some extent) Viruses Drivers Free Software GUI Backward Compatible Better & free support Over heads Power saver Ethically secure 33
42. Operating System Evolution 50s main frame era 60s microprocessor 80s game consoles 90s Personal Computers 2010 open source mobile OS 2020 online OS 42
Editor's Notes
Blessed are the geeks for they shall inherit the earth…… Now this sentence, Bible might have put it otherwise, but one individual, in a single decade changed this sentence that had stood, the test of time for 2000 years. That person was a Harvard Dropout….. a geek obviously and the founder of Microsoft. For past 19 hundred and 80 years no one knew about something called operating system, today you ask a 10 years kid and he might tell you a thing or two about Microsoft. So whether you like it or not…. the geeks have truly inherited the earth. Today Operating Systems have become ubiquitous in their reach, utility and ultimate appeal. From the ever irritating continuous texting of a teenager to a more sober ATM cash outle, you will find this beast everywhere and they come in all shapes and sizes. Operating Systems my dear fellow officers is a scary word, but trust me it is closer to your hearts than you think of. Closer perhaps than many of your friends and your relatives. After all you spend most of your time with it. You may not meet a friend for months, but you cant think of living without your Computer, Your Cells phone, you gadgets and.. oh did I mention that most consummate of addictive experiences….. FACEBook…With something so close and so near to our hearts, ever wonder how much thought we have actually given to this guy. Well today I am going to change this for you. Today we will know about the Operating System, the ins and outs, the pros and cons, and most importantly what kicks them and what kills them.Fasten your seat belts, switch off your cells phones, look closely at the projection while lend your ears to me, it’s going to be a rough but exhilarating ride my fellow passengers.
Operating systems are all about Processor Registers, Instruction Execution, Interrupt Processing, Multiprogramming, Cache Principles and Communication Techniques………I am myself impressed I said all of this at once. My topic might sound like a geeky pure technological and programmer oriented but trust me I will speak no alien language, jargons or heavy glossary. Other than few basic terminologies which will be explained on the way I request the audience to stay with me,….Living in a space era and luckily working in a less paper environment we are all competent enough to understand and comprehend the topic operating system wars.
The aim of presentation is to educate you what all is going in operating system arena? what is good for us? Do we have a choice other than what we are having? Would the adaptation of new technology be possible?
To achieve my aim I would follow the sequence of my presentation in three parts,
Defining Operating System ……….It is a set of programs containing instructions that work together to coordinate all the activities among computer hardware resources.In Other Words, The interface between the user and the computer hardware.
We can easily understand the function of operating system if we understand the hierarchy of a computer.The base platform is hardware of computer in which the operating system resides.Now we install different applications on operating system of our choice like Microsoft office, Photoshop etc.At the end we interact with installed application and operating system itself.
An operating system operationally act as an interface between hardware and user which is responsible for the management and coordination of activities and the sharing of the resources of a computer . As a host, one of the purposes of an operating system is to handle the details of the operation of hardware like input output devices and any installed software.
Operating systems functions many different computer processes…. to name some important, its starting up and shutting down, network activities and communications with other computers, timely updates for bugs and fixes, provides user interface for operations, ensure security of data and information, install and register desired programs, manage memory at all levels, organizes files and folders, connect to internet and intranet with different protocols, detect and connect all devices and controls hardware performance.
There are five categories of hardware for which OS are designed. Main frames are used for high end computing like super computers, Servers used for data storage and management, Microprocessors used in a verity of electronics equipment and gadgets, embedded systems like microchips planted in smart cards and very well known to all of us Personal computers.
The types of Operating systems are…. Real-time operating systems which are used to control machinery, scientific instruments and industrial systems. An RTOS typically has very little user-interface capability, and no end-user utilities, since the system will be a "sealed box" when delivered for use. Single-user, multi-tasking, as the name implies, this operating system is designed to manage the computer so that one user can effectively do one thing at a time. The Symbian OS for Nokia handhelds and mobiles is a good example of a modern single-user, single-task operating system.Single User, multi-tasking is the type of operating system most people use on their desktop and laptop computers today. Microsoft's Windows and Apple's MacOS platforms are both examples of operating systems that will let a single user have several programs in operation at the same time. A multi-user, multi-tasking operating system allows many different users to take advantage of the computer's resources simultaneously.
The major players in desktop operating system wars are windows by Microsoft, Mac OS by Apple, and linux which is an open source operating system.
We peep a bit into the history and look at the different phases and releases of operating systems. I will discuss only the major systems and events.1991 LinusTorvalds releases an open-source, Unix-like OS kernel that sort of bears his name. Like many other vital projects this breakthrough of computer history was also achieved at Bell Labs. 1993 Windows NT appears, and everyone assumes the NT stands for New Technology. Microsoft later denies this.1995 Windows 95 appears, to great fanfare. It spawns a new line of Microsoft operating systems.
1997 Apple released mac OS 7.71998 Microsoft releases its most promising versions of Windows 98.1999 Microsoft released second edition of Windows 982000 Windows 2000 which was based on Microsoft's NT technology. Microsoft now offered automatic software updates over the Internet.
2001 Apple abandons its old OS core and introduces Mac OS X, in this way Apple moved away from 1984 and into a brave new world.The Windows XP family is born. According to Microsoft, "the XP in Windows XP stands for experience, symbolizing the innovative experiences that Windows can offer to personal computer users." 2002 Microsoft released Windows XP Service Pack 1 for removal of some security threats.Apple releases 10.2 with some new features2003 Apple releases 10.3 with certain security bug fixtures2004 Microsoft released yet another Service Pack for Windows which addressed certain bugs.A new operating system Ubuntu was born from linux platform which was said to be ‘Linux for human beings”2005 Apple released another version of Mac OS XUbuntu released it newer and improved version
2006: Windows Vista with Codenamed Longhorn in its development phase, Windows Vista did not enjoy much popularity because of its overdone security measures.2007 After the release of vista Mac brought into the market its new version with stunning visual effects.Ubuntu also released a version with improved features of driver detection and visuals.2008 Microsoft released it new server edition Windows server 2008 but yet to beat Linux servers.2009 is the year for the release of latest windows operating system that is Windows 7.Ubunut released its latest Ubuntu variant Kubuntu which changed the OS war scenario.
1. Microsoft Windows is a family of proprietary operating systems that originated as an add-on to the older MS-DOS operating system for the IBM PC. Modern versions are based on the newer Windows NT kernel that was originally intended for OS/2 of IBM. As of 2009, Microsoft Windows holds a large amount of the worldwide desktop market share. Windows is also used on servers, supporting applications such as web servers and database servers. In recent years, Microsoft has spent significant marketing and research & development money to demonstrate that Windows is capable of running any enterprise application, which has resulted in consistent price/performance records and significant acceptance in the enterprise market.On October 22, 2009, Microsoft released Windows 7, the successor to Windows Vista, coming three years after its release. While Vista was about introducing new features, Windows 7 aims to streamline these and provide for a faster overall working environment.
Mac OS X is a line of partially proprietary, graphical operating systems developed, marketed, and sold by Apple Inc., the latest of which is pre-loaded on all currently shipping Macintosh computers. Mac OS X is the successor to the original Mac OS, which had been Apple's primary operating system since 1984. A stunning fact is that unlike its predecessor and appealing visual effects with linux based architecture. The server edition, Mac OS X Server, is architecturally identical to its desktop counterpart but usually runs on Apple's line of Macintosh server hardware. Mac OS X Server includes work group management and administration software tools that provide simplified access to key network services.
1. Ken Thompson was a person wrote language B which he used to write Unix, based on his experience in the this project, B was replaced by C, and Unix developed into a large, complex family of inter-related operating systems which have been influential in every modern operating system. The Unix-like family is a diverse group of operating systems, with several major sub-categories. The name "UNIX" is a trademark of The Open Group which licenses it for use with any operating system that has been shown to conform to their definitions. "Unix-like" is commonly used to refer to the large set of operating systems which resemble the original Unix.Unix-like systems run on a wide variety of machine architectures. They are used heavily for servers in business, as well as workstations in academic and engineering environments. The main flavors of Unix are Red Hat, Fedora, Linux, Debian, Gentoo, SuSE, Slackware, Ubuntu, Knoppix GNU, BSD and the list goes on…
There is an interesting and, in my opinion, historic battle unfolding around Operating Systems. Windows, Mac OS X and Linux have long disputed superior positions in comparison to one another, in what is essentially a race without a finishing line. I will discuss key features like security.
There are about 60,000 viruses known for Windows, 70 or so for the Macintosh and perhaps 40 for Linux. Most of the Windows viruses are not important, but many hundreds have caused widespread damage.
Windows lead at this competition too as it has highest number of lines of codes. Mac has about 50 million and Linux has 40 million lines of code.
We hate it or we love it, we adapt it or we leave it in any case widows is the market leader for operating systems. If we see around us every other desktop is having a wavy four colored logo…..so it does mean there is something about it. Windows has captured the market from a home user to a corporate client by its basic tactic that is ease of use. It is famously said about windows that to operate a windows based computer you only need to know your language. Currently available in 36 languages and still developing more.Like other operating systems Microsoft keeps on giving newer versions of windows but keeping in control the familiarity of environment. Windows vista was not very much liked because of its extreme security and a bit changed environment however the conversion was not felt difficult by the users.Microsoft updates its operating system at regular bases and after certain upgrades it releases a service pack. It also provides updates for its value added software like media player, web browser etc. But bad news that you would only be able to do so if you have the original copy or wait for service pack.Defiantly favorite of youngsters as all the game companies design games which are able to run on Microsoft windows. Even very famous games like Grand Theft Auto have an independent version for windows and no other operating system.Good at customer support but again for original copy
The biggest disadvantage of windows operating system is its instability. That reminds me of an interesting event. In 1998 Bill Gates was unveiling the new release of windows 98 with the claim that this operating system will never hang-up …… and the operating system crashed at the same time. Many of us have encountered the problem of blue screen which is also called blue screen of death. Windows is also hackers, nukers and freakers favorite. The most bugs reported for a single operating system is Wondows XP. And every other day we are asking someone…..do you have a good antivirus.This point may not bother many of us but it is a fact that windows are the most expensive operating system at all levels. Either its servers, desktops or mobiles.
In general, the MAC OS is more robust and handles objects better than Windows. However, it has been overwhelmed by Microsoft’s ubiquity, and survives mainly in niches like graphics, the movie industry, and publishing.It has a stunning GUI with great visual effects. The shiny style of apple can be appreciated in their operating system also.The operating system is said to be graphics designer’s heaven as the operating system is optimized for graphics processing specially.Because of its lesser but diehard fan community it also has less security issues than windows.Mac operating system is stable and does not show any colored window of death but I would like to remind you that Mac OS ten is based on Unix operating system
The foremost drawback of Mac operating system is its platform dependant. Apple claims that their operating system is designed keeping in the apple machines architecture. This is reason most of us have not used it.Difficult to use mouse as it has only one click but recently apple has designed a multitouch mouse for their new multitouch enabled operating system which might make the difference.Not all the software are designed for Mac as it goes for more cost if the software developers cater every operating system. Keeping in view the market share of Mac not much third party software designers release mac compatible versions.This one resembles with previous point as game is also a software but due to its importance it need to be mentioned.
The strongest point of linux diehard developers, designers and fans…..Its free. The Linux developer community has a firm standing on a point that if tycoons like Microsoft and apple reuse their code of previous version in newer ones…. Why do they charge for it every time? So they keep their most of their operating systems free for download.It does not ask for a heavy hardware requirement as it can run on a low specifications pc. Unlike windows it does not have unnecessary overheads.It is much stable as compared to both other operating systems.The source code is available to alter, amend or customize which allows the expert users to work with tailored operating system.A renowned feature of Linux is it security. Although the source code is open to all but the community has managed to keep it secure all the way.
Because of its lesser market share many software companies do not design their products for linux. Another reason for lesser number of software is different variants of Linux.It does not offer official support as it is open source and no company owns it. However the community is very helpful in every regard. Which sometimes gives better services than companies like Microsoft and apple.It has got graphics hardware accelerators but requires some expert configuration.It holds same disadvantage as that of mac….All the games do cannot be played on this operating system.
Whatever pros cons any system the deciding factor is customer.Despite of many flaws windows operating systems enjoy the major market share followed by 5 percent of Mac fanatic fans.Linux has very less market share but the current trend shows the rise.
After so many parameters and many terminologies twittering like birds around our heads we must be confused for what operating system to choose for our next or existing machine. I would not impose my choice over you but my choice might help you select your operating system.As we heard a very informative presentation from Sqn Leader Amir on Cyber Warfare which tells us the magnitude of our insecure data and information we must have this consideration as we are working in a sensitive organization with much of official data lying on our desktops…..so I have an idea…..have a good technology to counter the evil.Have a virus free life and no need to run for some good antivirus all the time.Enjoy free software as good as the costly one available in the market. Get a stunning and unbelievable Graphical User Interface with many customizable options.Now not to worry about the newer version of any software as you can have forward and backward compatible environment. Backward compatibility refers to use of current files with older and newer versions.You need not to pay anything to talk to some expert as you can have free and customer support.Get rid of all over heads which are processes running in you task manger all the time.As you got rid of overheads which means less processor, hard drive and ram working which in returns saves power. Your laptop battery life can be amazingly increased by one hour.Last but not the least the operating system I want to recommend is ethically non disturbing as you need not to pay anything for it. Till now you might have guessed the operating system I want to recommend, that is Linux. Linux has many flavors and my vote is for its recent release of Ubuntu.
Linux has gone from being a project for open-source enthusiasts to one of the most powerful and important forces in the software world. It's also now shaping up to be an increasingly viable choice as a desktop operating system, thanks to the effort of both the volunteer community and the companies that are banking on Linux to move them forward.I know both experts and regular users alike who have switched to it, as well as experts and regular users who have tried it and stayed with other things (whether Windows, Mac or another flavor of UNIX). But Linux is unquestionably drawing in more people than it did a decade ago, or even five years ago.Because Ubuntu is shaping up to be one of the most popular personal distributions -- thanks to its easy installation, configuration, and support communityMy last word of thought before I invite you for questions, “You can delay the technology…….but cannot avoid it”so better pace up with new technology rather than sticking to old XP.
My last word of thought before I invite you for questions, “You can delay the technology…….but cannot avoid it”So better pace up with new technology rather than sticking to old XP. The house is open for questions
50s is the main frame era, 60s is advancements in microprocessors, 80s for game consoles like atari and comodore, 90s is the era for personal computers, 2010s for open source and mobile operating system and computer oracles predicts the next decade for online operating systems.