The document discusses different operating systems including Linux, Windows, Netware and Unix. It describes that an operating system is system software that manages computer hardware and resources. It provides functions like device management, process management, memory management etc. Operating systems can be classified based on interface like graphical or command line, and based on usage like network OS or client OS. Examples of different Windows and Linux operating systems are provided along with their components and key principles. The document also discusses OS upgrading, updating and dual boot systems.

1. OPERATING SYSTEM
LINUX
WINDOWS
NETWARE
UNIX
Presented by: Arti Rajput

2. INRODUCTION
A computer system comprises of:

Hardware

Software

3. HARDWARE
Hardware refers to the physical
parts or components of the
computer.
Examples are:
Keyboard, Monitor, Mouse,
Hard disk drive, RAM etc

4. SOFTWARE
Software refers to a program or a set
of instructions and applications used to
manage and control various functions of
a computer.

5. SOFTWARE
The two major types of software are:
SYSTEM SOFTWARE
Examples: Compiler,
assembler
APPLICATION SOFTWARE
Examples: Word processor,
web
browser

6. SYSTEM SOFTWARE

Used for operating
computer hardware

Installed on the computer
when OS is installed

Run independently and
provide platform for running
application software

User does not interact
directly with it because it
works in background.
APPLICATION SOFTWARE

Used by user to perform
specific task

Installed according to the
user's requirement

Cannot run in the absence of
system software

User directly interacts with
it

7. OPERATING SYSTEM
An operating system is a system
software that manages computer
hardware and software resources and
provides common services for
computer programs.
Examples: Linux, Unix, Windows, MS-DOS etc

8. FUNCTIONS OF AN
OPERATING SYSTEM
Device management
Process management
CPU Scheduling
Memory and file storage
management
User application program
management
Provide interface for the
interaction
Of user and computer

9. OPERATING SYSTEM
On the basis of interface On the basis of mode of use

10. Operating system on the basis of
interface
Graphical user interface
In this type of OS user
can interact with
computer by the means of
different icons and menus
provided by the OS.
Examples: Windows, Linux
Command line interface
In this type of OS user
can interact with
computer by giving
command in the form of
text.
Examples: MS-DOS, Unix

11. Operating system on the basis
of mode of use
Network operating system

Designed to support a
network

It enables various
computers connected to
the network to share
resources such as data,
files, devices etc.

Examples: Linux, Unix,
Netware etc.
Client operating system

Designed to run on a
desktop or notebook
computer

Standalone operating
system

Examples: Windows 10,
Windows 7, Windows Vista
etc.

12. MICROSOFT WINDOWS

Developed by Microsoft in 1981.

Initially called MS-DOS(Disk operating
system)

The name windows was first used in 1985
when a graphical user interface was
created.

13. CONTINUE....
Different examples of windows are:

Windows 95(1995)

Windows XP(2001)

Windows Vista(2006)

Windows 7(2009)

Windows 8(2012)

Windows 10(2015)

14. Different editions of Windows 7 and
Windows 10 are:
WINDOWS 7

Windows 7 starter

Windows 7 enterprise

Windows 7 professional

Windows 7 Home basic

Windows 7 premium

Windows 7 ultimate
WINDOWS 10

Windows 10 Pro

Windows 10 Home

Windows 10 Education

Windows 10 Mobile

Windows 10 Mobile
enterprise

Windows 10 Enterprise

15. LINUX

Linus Torvalds along with 100
developers created Linux

Based on Unix

Freely available and distributable

16. COMPONENTS OF
LINUX
Applications

Desktop environment

Graphical server

Shell

Daemons

Kernel

Boot loader

17. KEY PRINCIPLES OF LINUX

Freedom to run program for any purpose

Freedom to study and modify it

Freedom to redistribute copies

Freedom to distribute copies of
modified versions

18. PARTITION TYPES IN LINUX(RHEL)

Standard partition

Logical volume

LVM thin provisioning

Btrfs

19. PARTITION REQUIRED FOR DEFAULT
RHEL INSTALLATION

Root '/'

/boot

/swap

/home

20. DUAL BOOT

Refers to a computer which uses two
operating systems

Both are installed on the same hard
drive with different partition

21. OS UPGRADING

Refers to the installation of an operating
system or application on the computer without
removing the older version first

Media Creation Tool is generally used

23. OS UPDATES

Refers to the replacement of hardware,
software or firmware with a newer or better
version, in order to bring the system up to
date or to improve its characteristics.

Generally WSUS is used by an organization
for OS updates

24. WSUS(Windows Server Update Services)

Developed by Microsoft

Can download and manage OS
related updates

Enables management &
distribution of updates