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Open Badges
- 1. Give them a gold star: exploring the potential of open badges Craig Brown Vicki Dale Sarah Honeychurch John Maguire Learning Technology Unit
- 2. Overview of session • Introduction • Motivation of learners (Vicki Dale) • Technical considerations (Craig Brown and John Maguire) • Examples (Sarah Honeychurch) • Group activity: designing badges (all participants) • Feedback
- 3. Motivation of learners: Vicki Dale
- 4. What motivates people to learn? • Types of motivation – Broad types • Intrinsic • Extrinsic • Social – Subtle variations (Ryan & Deci’s Self-Determination Theory) – Implications for open badges
- 5. What motivates learners to engage in CPD? Love of learning Inner drive Participation in social activities by ‘activity-oriented’ learners Response to external incentives (rewards or punishment) Dale, V. H. M., S. E. Pierce and S. A. May (2010). "The importance of cultivating a preference for complexity in veterinarians for effective lifelong learning." Journal of Veterinary Medical Education 37(2): 165-171.
- 6. Extrinsic motivation associated with behaviourism – very simplistic way of looking at learning • Learning explained by environmental (external) influences on observed behaviour (learned associations) – Summary video: www.youtube.com/watch?v=SUwCgFSb6Nk B. F. Skinner’s operant conditioning Ivan Pavlov’s classical conditioning John B. Watson Stimulus-response model Edward L. Thorndike Law of effect "One of Pavlov's dogs" by Rklawton - English Wikipedia, see below. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:One_of_Pavlov%27s_dogs.j pg#mediaviewer/File:One_of_Pavlov%27s_dogs.jpg Skinner’s first teaching machine by Silly rabbit, CC-BY-3.0 via Wikimedia Commons http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/common s/2/2d/Skinner_teaching_machine_08.jpg By Christine Matthews [CC-BY-SA-2.0, via Wikimedia Commons, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3 ARock_Dove_(Feral_Pigeon)_(Columba_l ivia)_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1309587.jpg
- 7. However … Preference for complexity = deep approach, high need for cognition, construction & use of knowledge Preference for simplicity= surface approach, low need for cognition, intake of knowledge Preference for complexity positively correlated with intrinsic AND extrinsic AND social motivation … Dale, V. H. M., S. E. Pierce and S. A. May (2010). "The importance of cultivating a preference for complexity in veterinarians for effective lifelong learning." Journal of Veterinary Medical Education 37(2): 165-171.
- 8. Self-determination theory (Ryan and Deci 2000) provides insight into subtle variations of extrinsic motivation Behaviourist Constructivist ? Where do open badges fit into this model of motivation? Ryan, R. M. and E. L. Deci (2000). "Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being." American Psychologist 55(1): 68.
- 9. Motivation … implications for open badges Amotivation Extrinsic Intrinsic Social • Participation / attendance – Nice to have, easy to get (Curran 2014) • Competency based badge – ‘Digital credentialing’ (Jovanovic & Devedzic 2014) – Legitimises informal learning experiences (Goligoski 2012) – Aids transparency to learner achievements (Curran 2014) – Promotes self-reflection & planning (Jovanovic & Devedzic 2014) • Gamification – ‘Fun’ element, fostering collaboration & competition (Glover 2013, Seliskar 2014)
- 10. OPEN BADGES TECHNICAL Craig Brown & John Maguire
- 11. Storing your badges • What is the Mozilla backpack? • How do I add badges to my backpack? • How do I display my badges? MOZILLA BACKPACK
- 12. Storing your badges WHAT IS THE MOZILLA BACKPACK? • A repository for collecting and displaying badges from a variety of source • The Open Badges backpack is an interface where the earner can import badges, delete badges, set privacy controls, create and publish groups of badges.
- 13. Storing your badges ADDING BADGES • You need to add any awarded badges issued they will not appear automatically once you have earned them. • Earning a badge.
- 14. Storing your badges DISPLAYING BADGES
- 15. • Issuing platform • Anatomy of a badge Creating badges ISSUING BADGES
- 16. Creating badges
- 17. Creating badges ISSUING PLATFORMS 3rd-party badge issuer Data stored on someone else’s server, start issuing now Use a plugin Add to an existing product (Moodle, Wordpress, etc.) Build your own bespoke solution Hire a developer, hold your own data
- 18. Creating badges ISSUING IN MOODLE Requires enabling activity completion Issued manually or linked to activities No input area for criteria Criteria selectable only from activities or manual issue Evidence No area for link to evidence
- 19. Creating badges ISSUING IN MOODLE
- 20. Creating badges ISSUING IN MOODLE
- 21. Creating badges ISSUING IN CREDLY www.credly.com
- 25. Skills badges
- 26. ocTEL: Official MOOC badges
- 27. #Rhizo14: badges made by community https://www.openbadges.me/
- 28. OLDS-MOOC: Official MOOC badges
- 29. Online Masters Course: Secret badges ??
- 30. Group activity: design a badge • The worksheet on the tables is taken from: http://www.jiscrsc.ac.uk/media/421718/jiscopenbadgesde signtoolkit-print_1.pdf
- 31. Feedback • http://learn.gla.ac.uk/yacrs/index.php • Session 43
- 32. Further reading and information Jisc Open Badge Design Toolkit: http://www.jiscrsc.ac.uk/media/421718/jiscopenbadgesdesigntoolkit-print_1.pdf Curran, T. (2014). "How open badges can promote student motivation." Retrieved 26 November, 2014, from http://tedcurran.net/2014/06/06/open-badges-motivation/. Glover, I. (2013). “Play as you learn: gamification as a technique for motivating learners.” EdMedia 2013, World Conference on Educational Media & Technology. Glover, I. and F. Latif (2013). “Investigating perceptions and potential of open badges in formal higher education.” World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia and Telecommunications. Goligoski, E. (2012). "Motivating the learner: Mozilla’s open badges program." Access to Knowledge: A Course Journal 4(1): 1-8. Jovanovic, J. and V. Devedzic (2014, early online). "Open Badges: Novel means to motivate, scaffold and recognize learning." Technology, Knowledge and Learning: 1-8. Seliskar, H. V. (2014). "Using badges in the classroom to motivate learning." Retrieved 26 November, 2014, from http://www.facultyfocus.com/articles/teaching-with-technology-articles/ using-badges-classroom-motivate-learning/.
Editor's Notes
- Survey done of veterinary surgeons in the UK, included Likert scale items derived from various learning inventories and other published studies. PCA confirmed that vets were motivated primarily for intrinsic reasons, then social reasons and somewhat motivated by extrinsic reasons.
- However, extrinsic motivation (rewards & punishments) most associated with behaviourism. This is an objectivist epistemology where the teacher transmits knowledge to the student who is a passive recipient, a teacher-centred model of education. Skinner- behaviour that is positively reinforced will occur. Did experiments with pigeons tapping on a device for food. Principles of contiguity (how close in time two events must be in order to be associated) and reinforcement (ways of increasing the likelihood of a behaviour being repeated) are critical. Locus of control is external (in environment).
- Interestingly, all forms of motivation were associated with a preference for complexity that would be associated with an internal locus of control and a degree of autonomy and self-directedness.
- With appropriate scaffolding and support by teacher, can students move towards being self-directed, self-actualisation? Zone of proximal development (Vygotsky)
- On digital credentialing, Goligoski 2012 notes that OBs legitimise informal learning experiences However one thing to be wary of is ‘motivation displacement (J&D 2014 citing Deterding 2013) – giving an extrinsic reward may displace learners’ intrinsic motivation. Periodic expiry also forces regular retraining for important skills and recertification (Glover & Latif 2013)
- In order to save and display badges users need an area to store them digitally. This is usually the Mozilla backpack, as the use of badges increase there are ways issuers can setup backpack areas. This would require a long term commitment by the issuer.
- In order to save and display badges users need an area to store them digitally. This is usually the Mozilla backpack, as the use of badges increase there are ways issuers can setup backpack areas. This would require a long term commitment by the issuer.
- In order to save and display badges users need an area to store them digitally. This is usually the Mozilla backpack, as the use of badges increase there are ways issuers can setup backpack areas. This would require a long term commitment by the issuer.
- In order to save and display badges users need an area to store them digitally. This is usually the Mozilla backpack, as the use of badges increase there are ways issuers can setup backpack areas. This would require a long term commitment by the issuer.
- In order to save and display badges users need an area to store them digitally. This is usually the Mozilla backpack, as the use of badges increase there are ways issuers can setup backpack areas. This would require a long term commitment by the issuer.
- In order to save and display badges users need an area to store them digitally. This is usually the Mozilla backpack, as the use of badges increase there are ways issuers can setup backpack areas. This would require a long term commitment by the issuer.
- In order to save and display badges users need an area to store them digitally. This is usually the Mozilla backpack, as the use of badges increase there are ways issuers can setup backpack areas. This would require a long term commitment by the issuer.
- In order to save and display badges users need an area to store them digitally. This is usually the Mozilla backpack, as the use of badges increase there are ways issuers can setup backpack areas. This would require a long term commitment by the issuer.
- In order to save and display badges users need an area to store them digitally. This is usually the Mozilla backpack, as the use of badges increase there are ways issuers can setup backpack areas. This would require a long term commitment by the issuer.