1. Analysis of Growth and instability of Area,
Production, productivity of Indian oilseeds
before, during Technology Mission
and in recent years
PREM NARAYAN
2. Introduction
Oilseeds crop occupy 16 area and contributed 8.5 %
production as compared to foodgrains 84% area and
91.5% production during the Triennium 2000-2002
Indian Oilseeds occupied 16% area and contributed 8%
production total oilseeds of the world TE 1998-2000.
The crops like, Groundnut, Rapeseed-Mustard, Soybean,
Sunflower , Safflower Linseed, Sesamum are edible
oilseeds and Niger, Castor are growing as non edible
oilseeds in India.
3. Oilseeds Area Production and productivity
Area 10.07 million ha., production 5.22 million tons and
productivity 519 kg /ha during 1949-50 which has increased
to 23.08 million ha. area, 20.50 million tonnes and
productivity 883 /ha during TE 2001-2003.
Increase in area 2.3 times, production 3.9 times and
productivity 1.7 times were increased during 5 decades .
Three major oilseed crops e.i. Groundnut and Rapeseed &
mustard occupy 83% and contribute 84% production of total
oilseeds in the country.
The country ranks first in the world in the production of
castor, safflower sesame and niger; second in groundnut
and rapeseed-mustard.
4. Edible oil consumption
Edible oil consumption is fast increasing the per
capita annual consumption is 7.8 kg during 2000
and 8.8kg annual per capita during 2030 and
country needs 8.33 MT in 2000 and 12.58 MT in
2030 (Paroda and Kumar 2000).
Recently demand has risen to almost 10 kg per
capita annual due to increase per capita income.
At present India imports 60 percent edible oil of its
total consumption. The import bills have increased
upto Rs.12000 crore 2002-2003.
5. Analysis
This study is based on the secondary time series data
on area, production and yield kg/ha of major oilseeds
crops for the years 1972- 2003. We have analysed data
for different period.
I Period of stagnation (1972 to 1986)
II Period of Upsurge - Technology mission on
Oilseeds (1987 to 1991)
III Re-emergence of stagnation - TMO effects
peterout - (1992-98)
IV Period of deceleration (1999-2003)
6. Edible oil Production-A Continuing problem
I Period of stagnation (1972 to 1986)
Oilseeds are growing mostly on marginal land and
rainfed area
Severe insects -pests and diseases problems
Less transfer technology facilities
Very high seed cost, farmers can’t afford
particularly repeated sowing
The stagnation due to very slow growth in area of
Groundnut 0.12, Rapeseed 1.37 and yield
decelerated in Soybean-2.10 and Sunflower -3.59,
which affected the total oilseed growth
7. Corporatization of farm services
Contract farming
The more area brought under oilseeds and also under
irrigation
Production increased form 10.57 MT in 1985-86 to 18.60
MT in 1991-92
Accelerated CAGR of Area , production , yield of
Rapeseed 9.10, 13.15, 3.63 , soybean 20.21, 29.18, 7.48 and
sunflower 9.26, 23.62, 13.14 which increase the total
oilseed 8.72, 8.92, 2.06
Import fallen drastically from 1.097 MT in 1984-85 to 0.1 MT
in 1992-93
II Period of upsurge- Technology mission on
oilseeds during 1987 to 1991
8. Reemergence of period of stagnation - TMO effect
peterout during 1992 to 98
Complacency
TMO became routine programme
Other features of phase I continued
Import started rising from 1.06 MT in 1995-96 to 2.62 MT
in 1998-99.
The CAGR decelerated in area of groundnut -1.77 and
sunflower-3.72 , the similar in production of rapeseed
-2.77, sunflower -8.25 and the yield of rapeseed -4.58,
sunflower -4.71
Only Soybean CAGR of area 10.40, production 15.39 and
yield 4.52 was accelerated
9. TMO effects further peter out
Other features of phase I continued
Weather aberrations high and wide spread and setback to
major oilseeds producing states
Decelerated CRGR of Area , production , yield of Rapeseed-
3.14, -3.27, -0.13 , soybean -0.18, -2.25, -2.07, which affected the
total oilseed ACGR A-0.38, P -0.85 And Y -0.47
Only sunflower A 12.23, P 15.75, and , Y 2.23 were accelerated
ACGR
Area declined steeply
Import gallop from 4.19 MT in 1999-00 to 5.11 MT in 2002-03
and about RS 10,000 crore annually
Period of Deceleration - 1998 to 2003
10. Growth of major oilseeds crop during different periods
1972-86 1987-91 1992-98 1999-03
Groundnut Area 0.12 4.56 -1.77 a 2.11
Prod 1.12 1.35 1.90 3.20
yield 1.00 -3.08 3.73 b 1.07b
Rapeseed Area 1.37 a 9.19 a 1.89 b -3.14
Prod 3.65 a 13.15 a -2.77 -3.27
yield 2.25 b 3.63 c -4.58 -0.13
Soybean Area 32.08 a 20.21a 10.40 a -0.18
Prod 29.31 a 29.18 b 15.39 a -2.25
yield -2.10 b 7.46 4.52 c -2.07
Sunflower Area 11.79 a 9.26 -3.72 b 13.22c
Prod 7.77 b 23.62c -8.25 b 15.75 b
yield -3.59 a 13.14 b -4.71 2.23
Oilseeds Area 1.14 a 6.72 a 0.55 -0.38
Total Prod 2.70 a 8.92 c 2.55 b -0.85
yield 1.54 a 2.06 1.98 b -0.47
Note- Statically significant at 1% a, 5% b and 10% c
11. Instability of major oilseeds crop during different
periods
1972-86 1987-91 1992-98 1999-03
Groundnut Area 2.74 9.51 3.72 11.77
prod 14.75 18.25 8.42 21.11
yield 13.02 13.15 8.11 17.88
Rapeseed Area 9.20 15.02 4.40 10.37
prod 22.43 20.51 12.14 18.18
yield 16.93 7.97 14.88 9.98
Soybean Area 92.22 29.23 15.66 3.78
prod 87.25 37.59 22.21 17.66
yield 17.25 19.52 7.20 16.07
Sunflower Area 73.90 26.43 7.70 25.19
prod 60.75 41.80 16.21 29.09
yield 18.27 21.84 10.37 6.38
Oilseeds Area 5.39 10.39 1.20 7.46
Total prod 15.45 15.55 6.57 14.94
yield 11.34 10.02 6.19 9.66
12. CAGR and instability of Groundnut
CAGR OF Groundnut
-4.00
-2.00
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
1972-86
1987-91
1992-98
1999-03
year
Area Production yield
Instability in Groundnut
0
5
10
15
20
25
1972-86
1987-91
1992-98
1999-03
year
Area Production yield
13. CAGR and instability of Rapeseed and
Mustard
CAGR of Rape seed and mustard
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
1972-86
1987-91
1992-98
1999-03
year
Area Production yield
Instability in Rapeseed
0
5
10
15
20
25
1972-86
1987-91
1992-98
1999-03
year
Area Production yield
14. CAGR and instability of Soybean
CAGR of Soybean
-10
0
10
20
30
40
1972-86
1987-91
1992-98
1999-03
year
Area Production yield
Instability of Soybean
0
20
40
60
80
100
1972-86
1987-91
1992-98
1999-03
year
Area Production yield
15. CAGR and instability of Sunflower
CAGR of Sunflower
-10
0
10
20
30
1972-86
1987-91
1992-98
1999-03
year
Area Production yield
Instability in sunflower
0
20
40
60
80
1972-86
1987-91
1992-98
1999-03
Year
Area Production yield
16. CAGR and instability of Total Oilseeds
ACGR of total oilseeds
-5
0
5
10
1972-86
1987-91
1992-98
1999-03
year
Area Production yield
Instability of total oilseed
0
5
10
15
20
1972-86
1987-91
1992-98
1999-03
year
Area Production yield
17. The situation of major oilseeds crops in India and World
Crops Name World India Country-wise
Ist position
Area Prod. Area Prod. Area Prod.
Soybean 71.99 I 159.20I 5.99 III 6.31 II USA USA
R&mustard 26.54 II 39.06 II 6.50 II 5.53 III China Canada
Groundnut 23.73III 32.52 III 7.20 I 7.01 I India China
Sunflower 22.17 IV 26.88 IV 1.90 V 1.12 IV Argtina Argtina
Sesame 7.15 V 2.66 V 1.97 IV 0.59 V India India
Linseed 3.36 2.68 0.80 0.26 India Canada
Safflower 1.15 0.93 .071 0.60 India China
Castor 1.20 1.18 0.65 0.82 India India
Total 157.32 265.13 25.76 22.27
18. Area of different oilseeds crops during
TE 2000 in India
Soybeen
23% Rapseed
25%
Groundnut
28%
linseed
3%
safflower
3%
Sunflowwer
7%
Seaseme
8%
castor
3%
19. Production of different oilseeds crops
in India during TE 2000
Groundnut
31%
Rapseed
25%
safflower
3% linseed
1%
castor
4%
Soybeen
28%
Sunflowwer
5%
Seaseme
3%
20. Oilseeds Area , Production and productivity
Year Area in Prod in Yield Irrigated
M. ha. M. tons Kg/ha. Area(%)
1970-72 16.57 8.62 519.00 7.43
1973-75 17.04 9.72 570.33 8.63
1976-78 17.12 9.40 548.33 9.67
1978-81 17.82 10.06 562.33 14.17
1982-84 18.46 11.88 642.00 17.40
1985-87 19.26 11.58 601.33 18.60
1988-90 22.95 17.85 779.00 22.43
1991-93 26.01 20.07 771.67 24.13
1994-96 25.87 22.61 873.33 25.77
1997-99 25.57 22.31 872.00 NA
2000-02 22.50 18.46 818.21 NA
21. Trend of Oilseeds Area and Production
17.04
17.12
17.82
18.46
19.26
22.95
26.01
25.87
25.57
22.50
16.57
9.72
8.62
9.40
10.06
11.88
11.58
17.85
20.07
22.61
22.31
18.46
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1970-721973-751976-781978-811982-841985-871988-901991-931994-961997-992000-02
Year
Inmillion
Areain million ha. Production in million tonnes
