The document discusses various topics related to crude oil, including: 1) Where oil is found, with Saudi Arabia and Canada having the largest proven reserves, and OPEC being an organization of major oil-exporting nations. 2) The different types of oil classified by weight and chemical properties. 3) Key factors like supply, demand, and price that influence the international oil market. 4) Crude oil production and consumption trends for countries like the US, China, and India.

2. How Oil Was Made?
 The first theory suggests that oil is a fossil fuel
 Some scientists believe in another theory. Twentieth-
century Russian scientists proposed the "abiotic"
theory.

3. Where is Oil Found?
 Saudi Arabia
 The Canada is the second largest (proven oil reserves) .
 Other countries like Iraq, Iran, Kuwait and the United Arab
Emirates and USA.
Other nations with large reservoirs of oil include:
 Libya
 Venezuela
 Nigeria
 Mexico
 Indonesia
 the EU nations
 Brazil
 China

4. OPEC
 Algeria  Libya
 Angola  Nigeria
 Ecuador  Qatar
 Iran  Saudi Arabia
 Iraq  United Arab Emirate
 Kuwait  Venezuela

5. Types of Oil
 Very Light Oils or Light Distillates
This oil type includes: Jet Fuel, Gasoline, Kerosene, Light Virgin Naphtha,
Heavy Virgin Naphtha, Petroleum Ether, Petroleum Spirit, and Petroleum
Naphtha.
 Light Oils or Middle Distillates
This oil type includes: Fuel Oil (grades 1 and 2), Diesel Fuel Oils (grades 1
and 2), Domestic Fuel, and Marine Gas Oil - Light Crude falls into this
category.
 Medium Oils - Most Crude Oil falls into this category
This type of oil MAY causes long term, severe damage to fish, waterfowl,
fur bearing animals and intertidal organisms. About 1/3 of medium oils
evaporate within 24 hours.
 Heavy Fuel Oils
This category includes heavy crude oil, Fuel Oil No. 3 & 4), Fuel Oil No. 5
(Bunker B), Fuel Oil No. 6 ( Bunker C), Marine Intermediate Fuel, and
Marine Heavy Fuel.

6. Three Influencing Factors of International Oil Price
The changing
1 supply-demand
structure
dominates oil price
Oil
Price 2
3

7. Old seven sisters

8. New seven sisters

9. What is Crude Oil?
 Crude oil is a naturally-occurring substance found in
certain rock formations in the earth.
 It is a dark, sticky liquid classified as a hydrocarbon. This
means, it is a compound containing mainly carbon and
hydrogen.
 Crude oil is highly inflammable and can be burned to
create energy.
 Petroleum= Petra (Rock) + Oleum (Oil)

10. Crude Oil Production
India
Thousand Barrels Daily
Kuwait
UAE
Mexico
Canada
China
Iran
US
Saudi…
Russia
0 5000 10000 15000
Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2011

11. Crude Oil Consumption
Russia Thousand Barrels Daily
India
Japan
China
US
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000

12. India’s Oil Import
11%
34%
18%
5%
10%
22%
Iran Saudi Arabia
Other Western Hemisphere
Africa Other Middle East
Source: Global Trade Atlas

13. Consumption of Major Petroleum Products
9%
8%
40%
36%
7%
LPG Kerosene Diesel Petrol All other products
Source: Ministry of Petroleum Basic Statics

15. Crude Oil Price
Source:- Energy Information Administration and Bureau of Labor Statistics 2012

16. Who Uses Oil?
 The U.S. uses 25% of the estimated 80 million barrels of oil
produced around the world every day.
 The country that exports the most oil to America is
Canada, with Saudi Arabia second.
 The European Union (EU) also uses a large percentage of
the world's reserves.
 China currently ranks as the third-biggest oil consumer on
the planet.

17. Break up of cost calculated by the government.
• Basic Price: Rs 28.93
• Excise duty: Rs 14.35
• Education Tax: Rs 0.43
• Dealer commission: Rs 1.05
• VAT: Rs 5.5
• Crude Oil Custom duty: Rs 1.1
• Petrol Custom: Rs 1.54
• Transportation Charge: Rs 6.00
• Total price: Rs 58.90

18. India: Macroeconomic impacts of oil price rise
 No decline in consumption of crude and petroleum products.
 Increase in trade deficit.
 No effect on public spending on physical infrastructure and social
sectors .
 Increase in public spending on renewable energy development.
 Electricity pricing unlikely to be impacted.
 Natural gas prices increased 12% for the power and fertilizer
sectors, and 136% for other industrial consumers. No increase in
prices for small-scale industries and transport sectors.

19. India: Sectoral impacts of oil price rise
 Petroleum sector
 Transport sector
 Fertilizer sector

20. India: Microeconomic and poverty impacts of oil
price rise — community-wide impacts
 Income patterns
 Expenditure patterns
 Impact on major economic activity (agriculture)

21. India: Microeconomic and poverty impacts of oil
price rise — direct impacts on households
 Changes in energy expenditure
 Changes in energy consumption
 Transportation costs

22. To summarize the study
When Oil prices Moves UP :
1. Inflation increases
2. Govt. spending on subsidy increases
3. Foreign currency reserves reduce
4. Our export becomes weaker
5. GDP is affected negatively
6. Share market crumbles
7. Investment decreases