This document provides an overview of India's edible oil market and crude palm oil imports. It discusses key details like global and Indian consumption patterns of edible oils, India's edible oil production and imports, supply and demand analysis, the vegetable oil industry in India, import tariffs, and the major exporters and importers of crude palm oil globally. The document contains tables and charts analyzing trends in India's consumption and production of different edible oils like soybean, cotton, palm, and sunflower oils over the years. It also provides details on the crude palm oil import process and pricing techniques used.
Some Organizations in the Indian Auto sector have resolved the chronic conflicts and created a harmonious supply chain where demand and supply is synchronized almost perfectly.
Hydrogenated castor oil is produced through a hydrogenation process where castor oil is treated with hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst. This process saturates the ricinoleic acid in castor oil and forms a wax-like product with a high melting point of 86°C. Hydrogenated castor oil has various applications and is used to manufacture greases, soaps, cosmetics, and specialty chemicals for industries like metalworking, plastics, and textiles. It also acts as a rheological agent in products like paints, coatings, inks, and adhesives.
This document analyzes the paint industry in India and globally. It discusses key points about the industry structure and major players. The global paint industry is valued at $120 billion annually and is dominated by AkzoNobel, PPG, and Sherwin-Williams. In India, the market is led by Asian Paints and is expected to grow from $40 billion currently to $62 billion by 2016. Porter's five forces model is applied to the Indian paint industry which shows competition is moderate.
Growth Outlook for Indian Chemical IndustryBinay Agrawal
TATA Strategic has classified the chemical industry in India into 4 key segments, based on a detailed analysis of the industry. India currently accounts for only 3.3 % of the total chemical market with a market size of ~$ 0.12 trillion in 2013. Indian chemical industry is also a much diversified industry with more than 70,000 commercial products. It accounted for ~13% of the gross value added by the industry segment. It accounted for ~13% of the total India's export.Indian chemical sector is very crucial for the economic development of country.
Over the last five years Indian chemical industry has started to evolve rapidly. With significant capacity additions coming into place,
the focus has also been towards investments in R&D. India's competence in this
knowledge intensive industry is increasing however still the tapped potential is very
limited. The current low per capita consumption (~7 kgs for polymers in India as
compared to world average of 25 kgs) suggests that the demand potential is also yet
to be realized. Moreover India has a very strong outlook for the key end user
industries (e.g. Packaging is expected to grow at ~17% p.a. over the next five years,
Electronic is expected to grow at ~15% p.a. over the next five years, Construction and
Automotive both sectors are expected to grow at ~14% p.a. over the next five years).
Hence, going ahead the demand of chemical products is expected to surge strongly at
10-11 % p.a. over the next five years.
To meet this increasing demand either the local production will have to ramp up or
the imports will have to go up. Indian Govt. has increased its focus towards domestic
manufacturing with the intent of increasing the share of manufacturing in GDP from
16% to 25% by 2022.
Edible Oil Refinery from Crude Palm Oil. Palm Oil Processing Business. Crude Palm Oil Refining Plant
Palm oil is a fatty edible vegetable oil, yellowish in color, derived from the flesh and the kernel of the fruit of the oil palm tree. The oil palm tree is a tropical, single stemmed tree having feather like leaves that gains a height of around 20 meters. The fruits of this tree, that are also the sources of the palm oil grow in bunches, are reddish in color, bigger than plums in size and have a single seeded kernel inside.
Crude Palm Oil (CPO) is one of the most important edible oil in India. Palm oil is one of the few vegetable oils known to be rather high in saturated fats, and it comes close to soybean oil as one of the most widely-produced vegetable oils in the world.
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Niir Project Consultancy Services
An ISO 9001:2015 Company
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
Edible Oil Refinery, Processing and Refining of Edible Oils, Edible Oil Refinery Plant, Edible Oil Refining Process, Vegetable Oil Refining Plant, Edible Oil Plant, Edible Oil Processing, Edible Oil Refinery Process Flow Diagram, Edible Oil Refinery Project Cost, Edible Oil Refining Process PPT, Refining of Edible Oil, Edible Oil Refinery Process Pdf, Edible Oil Processing Plant, Cost of Setting Up a Small and Medium Scale Edible Oil Refinery Plant, Small Scale Oil Refinery, Edible Oil Refinery Project, Project Report on Edible Oil Manufacturing, Investment Opportunity in Edible Oil Manufacturing Unit, Crude Palm Oil Refinery, Palm Oil Refinery Plant, Crude Palm Oil Refining Unit, Palm Oil Refining, Crude Palm Oil Refining Plant, Vegetable Oil Refinery, Palm Oil Refinery in India, Palm Oil Refinery Plant Cost, Palm Oil Processing Plant Cost in India, How to Start a Palm Oil Processing Business? Palm Oil Processing Business, Extraction and Refining of Crude Palm Oil, Crude Palm Oil to Refined Oil, Starting a Palm Oil Processing Unit, Palm Oil Industry, Project Report on Palm Oil Processing Industry, Detailed Project Report on Crude Palm Oil Refining Unit, Project Report on Edible Oil Refinery, Pre-Investment Feasibility Study on Crude Palm Oil Refining Unit, Techno-Economic feasibility study on Crude Palm Oil Refining Unit, Feasibility report on Edible Oil Refinery, Free Project Profile on Crude Palm Oil Refining Unit, Project profile on Edible Oil Refinery, Download free project profile on Edible Oil Refinery
The Central Board of Excise & Customs launched e-SANCHIT on a pilot basis in October 2017 with the aim of facilitating paperless processing and uploading of supporting customs documents. E-SANCHIT and the proposed Single Window Interface for Trade (SWIFT) aim to reduce physical interface and clearance times by allowing importers to digitally upload supporting documents for assessment. The document then outlines the steps importers can take to register and login to e-SANCHIT to upload documents like invoices and bills of lading, including preparing documents digitally, validating digital signatures, and receiving an IRN number as proof of upload.
Avocado Oil Benefits: Healthier than Coconut Oil?
Avocado oil is gaining popularity for its health benefits, versatile flavor in cooking, and uses in skin, hair and beauty recipes. But is it healthy?
Paint is a liquid composition that is applied to surfaces to protect them, decorate them, and make them last longer. It consists of pigments, a binder, solvents, and additives. There are many types of paints including oil paints, emulsion paints, synthetic paints, varnishes, distemper, enamel paint, and more, which are used for different purposes depending on the material being coated and environmental conditions.
Some Organizations in the Indian Auto sector have resolved the chronic conflicts and created a harmonious supply chain where demand and supply is synchronized almost perfectly.
Hydrogenated castor oil is produced through a hydrogenation process where castor oil is treated with hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst. This process saturates the ricinoleic acid in castor oil and forms a wax-like product with a high melting point of 86°C. Hydrogenated castor oil has various applications and is used to manufacture greases, soaps, cosmetics, and specialty chemicals for industries like metalworking, plastics, and textiles. It also acts as a rheological agent in products like paints, coatings, inks, and adhesives.
This document analyzes the paint industry in India and globally. It discusses key points about the industry structure and major players. The global paint industry is valued at $120 billion annually and is dominated by AkzoNobel, PPG, and Sherwin-Williams. In India, the market is led by Asian Paints and is expected to grow from $40 billion currently to $62 billion by 2016. Porter's five forces model is applied to the Indian paint industry which shows competition is moderate.
Growth Outlook for Indian Chemical IndustryBinay Agrawal
TATA Strategic has classified the chemical industry in India into 4 key segments, based on a detailed analysis of the industry. India currently accounts for only 3.3 % of the total chemical market with a market size of ~$ 0.12 trillion in 2013. Indian chemical industry is also a much diversified industry with more than 70,000 commercial products. It accounted for ~13% of the gross value added by the industry segment. It accounted for ~13% of the total India's export.Indian chemical sector is very crucial for the economic development of country.
Over the last five years Indian chemical industry has started to evolve rapidly. With significant capacity additions coming into place,
the focus has also been towards investments in R&D. India's competence in this
knowledge intensive industry is increasing however still the tapped potential is very
limited. The current low per capita consumption (~7 kgs for polymers in India as
compared to world average of 25 kgs) suggests that the demand potential is also yet
to be realized. Moreover India has a very strong outlook for the key end user
industries (e.g. Packaging is expected to grow at ~17% p.a. over the next five years,
Electronic is expected to grow at ~15% p.a. over the next five years, Construction and
Automotive both sectors are expected to grow at ~14% p.a. over the next five years).
Hence, going ahead the demand of chemical products is expected to surge strongly at
10-11 % p.a. over the next five years.
To meet this increasing demand either the local production will have to ramp up or
the imports will have to go up. Indian Govt. has increased its focus towards domestic
manufacturing with the intent of increasing the share of manufacturing in GDP from
16% to 25% by 2022.
Edible Oil Refinery from Crude Palm Oil. Palm Oil Processing Business. Crude Palm Oil Refining Plant
Palm oil is a fatty edible vegetable oil, yellowish in color, derived from the flesh and the kernel of the fruit of the oil palm tree. The oil palm tree is a tropical, single stemmed tree having feather like leaves that gains a height of around 20 meters. The fruits of this tree, that are also the sources of the palm oil grow in bunches, are reddish in color, bigger than plums in size and have a single seeded kernel inside.
Crude Palm Oil (CPO) is one of the most important edible oil in India. Palm oil is one of the few vegetable oils known to be rather high in saturated fats, and it comes close to soybean oil as one of the most widely-produced vegetable oils in the world.
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https://goo.gl/r3kGKx
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Contact us:
Niir Project Consultancy Services
An ISO 9001:2015 Company
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
Edible Oil Refinery, Processing and Refining of Edible Oils, Edible Oil Refinery Plant, Edible Oil Refining Process, Vegetable Oil Refining Plant, Edible Oil Plant, Edible Oil Processing, Edible Oil Refinery Process Flow Diagram, Edible Oil Refinery Project Cost, Edible Oil Refining Process PPT, Refining of Edible Oil, Edible Oil Refinery Process Pdf, Edible Oil Processing Plant, Cost of Setting Up a Small and Medium Scale Edible Oil Refinery Plant, Small Scale Oil Refinery, Edible Oil Refinery Project, Project Report on Edible Oil Manufacturing, Investment Opportunity in Edible Oil Manufacturing Unit, Crude Palm Oil Refinery, Palm Oil Refinery Plant, Crude Palm Oil Refining Unit, Palm Oil Refining, Crude Palm Oil Refining Plant, Vegetable Oil Refinery, Palm Oil Refinery in India, Palm Oil Refinery Plant Cost, Palm Oil Processing Plant Cost in India, How to Start a Palm Oil Processing Business? Palm Oil Processing Business, Extraction and Refining of Crude Palm Oil, Crude Palm Oil to Refined Oil, Starting a Palm Oil Processing Unit, Palm Oil Industry, Project Report on Palm Oil Processing Industry, Detailed Project Report on Crude Palm Oil Refining Unit, Project Report on Edible Oil Refinery, Pre-Investment Feasibility Study on Crude Palm Oil Refining Unit, Techno-Economic feasibility study on Crude Palm Oil Refining Unit, Feasibility report on Edible Oil Refinery, Free Project Profile on Crude Palm Oil Refining Unit, Project profile on Edible Oil Refinery, Download free project profile on Edible Oil Refinery
The Central Board of Excise & Customs launched e-SANCHIT on a pilot basis in October 2017 with the aim of facilitating paperless processing and uploading of supporting customs documents. E-SANCHIT and the proposed Single Window Interface for Trade (SWIFT) aim to reduce physical interface and clearance times by allowing importers to digitally upload supporting documents for assessment. The document then outlines the steps importers can take to register and login to e-SANCHIT to upload documents like invoices and bills of lading, including preparing documents digitally, validating digital signatures, and receiving an IRN number as proof of upload.
Avocado Oil Benefits: Healthier than Coconut Oil?
Avocado oil is gaining popularity for its health benefits, versatile flavor in cooking, and uses in skin, hair and beauty recipes. But is it healthy?
Paint is a liquid composition that is applied to surfaces to protect them, decorate them, and make them last longer. It consists of pigments, a binder, solvents, and additives. There are many types of paints including oil paints, emulsion paints, synthetic paints, varnishes, distemper, enamel paint, and more, which are used for different purposes depending on the material being coated and environmental conditions.
The document discusses hydrophobic expanded perlite, including its production process, market analysis, and potential establishment location. It begins by explaining that perlite is a naturally occurring volcanic rock that is expanded through heating. This creates pockets that increase its volume 20-fold. It is then made hydrophobic through addition of an aqueous silane emulsion, which coats the expanded perlite and prevents water absorption. The document analyzes the global perlite market and reserves, key producers, applications, and economics of the location Izmir, Turkey as an potential establishment site. In summary, it provides details on creating and marketing hydrophobic expanded perlite as an improved insulation and construction material.
[Green Fund Investment Strategy] Jeju Island Wind Power Curtailment SolutionJoonhee Lee
This document proposes using electric vehicles (EVs) in Jeju Island's rental car market as energy storage for the island's excessive wind power production. Jeju Island has over-produced renewable energy for years, requiring shutdowns of wind turbines. Using EVs could store 20,000+ MWh of excess wind annually. Calculations show 5,000 EVs could be charged 40 times per year from excess wind, saving rental companies $36 billion annually in EV operating costs while reducing curtailment. Stakeholders that could benefit include wind operators, utilities, rental companies, and investors. The proposal aims to optimize demand response for renewable energy globally and complement growing renewable and EV adoption.
refining of crude oil by Arun kumar ranaBIET Jhansi
This document discusses the refining of crude oil. It begins by describing crude oil as a complex mixture of hydrocarbons found in the Earth's crust. The refining process separates crude oil into fractions using fractional distillation based on differences in boiling points. Major fractions include petroleum gas, naphtha, gasoline, kerosene, diesel, lubricating oil, and fuel oil. Further processing using thermal cracking and catalytic cracking converts heavier fractions into more valuable products like liquefied petroleum gas and gasoline. Refineries are upgraded in response to market demands and clean air regulations.
This document contains the resume of Mostafa Abd Elfattah Abd Elaziz Amro, including his contact information, objective, education history, skills, and work experience as a quality assurance and quality control engineer for various construction projects in Egypt and Saudi Arabia from 2004 to the present. He has over 15 years of experience managing quality control for civil works including concrete, steel structures, and finishing works for projects in industries like power plants, hotels, and real estate development. His roles have included ensuring construction quality, developing inspection plans, issuing non-conformance reports, and maintaining safety and health programs on projects with budgets up to $200 million.
To formally attest to a signature on a document, a notary public will sign and stamp the document with their seal after verifying the identity of the signer. For countries that have signed the Hague Convention, only an apostille is needed, which is a certificate attached to the document by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to authenticate the notary's seal. If the country is not part of the Hague Convention, the document must go through a process of legalization where each country's authorities further authenticate the document so it will be recognized as valid.
The document is a summer internship project report submitted by Vivek Kumar Gupta to Apeejay Institute of Technology regarding a potential market survey of ACC's value added products in Sahibabad. It includes a declaration by the author, a college certificate signed by the project guide and executive director, an acknowledgment, table of contents and the start of chapter 1 on introduction. The introduction provides background on value added products, scope and objectives of the study, research methodology used and limitations of the study.
Projects on Edible Oil Industry
(Non-Edible Oils, Fats, Vegetable Fats and Oils, Corn Oil, Cooking Oils, Rice Bran Oil, Castor Oil, Sesame Oil, Linseed Oil, Vanaspati Ghee, Mahuwa Oil, Turkey Red Oil, Eucalyptus Oil, Coconut Oil from Copra, Black Pepper Oil, Edible Corn Oil, Light Liquid Paraffin Oil, Neem Oil, Chili Oil, Olive Oil)
Edible oils are most often plant-based oils, which are similar, if not the same as those produced by the industrial biotech industry for use as biofuels such as biodiesel, for use in cosmetics, and in other everyday biotech products. Edible oils may be solid or liquid at room temperature.
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https://goo.gl/QYS7W7
https://goo.gl/Ani6gD
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Contact us:
Niir Project Consultancy Services
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
Edible Oil Production, Small Scale Processing of Edible Oils, Edible Oil Processing, Edible Oil Manufacturing Process, Edible Oil Processing Plant, Processing Edible Oils, Edible Oil Industry, Setting Up and Running Small-Scale Edible Oil Industry, Edible Oil Production and Edible Oil Process, Edible Oils Processing Equipment, Oil Processing Plant, Process Line of Edible Oil, Edible Oil Manufacturing, Production of Edible Oil, Profitable Edible Oil Manufacturing Business Ideas, Edible Oil Production, Edible Oil Production, Edible Oil Production Line, Edible Oil Production Project Report, Edible Oil Extraction, Edible Oil Manufacturing Unit, Edible Oil Production Business Plan, Methods for Extraction Of Edible Oil, Edible Oil Extraction, Extracting of Oil From Seed, Non-Edible Vegetable Oils, Production of Non-Edible Oil, Vegetable Oil Processing, Processing and Refining Edible Oils, Vegetable Oil Manufacturing, Mahua Oil, Mahua Oil Manufacture, Processing of Mahuwa Oil, Mahuwa Oil Processing, Manufacturing Process of Mahua Oil, Mahuwa Oil Production Plant, Business Plan for Manufacturing Mahuwa Oil, Extraction of Mahua Oil, Castor Oil & Its Derivatives, Project Report on Castor Oil and Its Derivatives, Castor Derivatives, Castor Oil Derivatives Plant, Production of Castor Oil, Castor Oil Plant, Castor Oil Processing Plant, Castor Oil Extraction, Castor Oil Processing, Castor Oil Manufacturing Plant, Method of Extracting Castor Oil, Preparation of Turkey Red Oil, Process of Manufacturing Turkey Red Oil, Process of Manufacturing Turkey Red Oil, Turkey Red Oil, Turkey Red Oil Manufacturing Plant, Turkey Red Oil Manufacturing Process, Production of Turkey Red Oil, Eucalyptus Oil, Eucalyptus Oil Manufacturing Plant, Profile On Eucalyptus Oil, Eucalyptus Oil Extraction
1. Film formation is the process by which a liquid coating is converted into a solid film after application. There are two main mechanisms for this - solvent evaporation and chemical crosslinking reactions.
2. For thermoplastic coatings, film formation occurs as the solvent evaporates, causing an increase in the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the coating to match or exceed the ambient temperature. For crosslinking coatings, particles soften and coalesce during heating, then chemical reactions cause molecular weight and viscosity to increase until the surface sets.
3. Both types of coatings aim to overcome issues like solvent retention, shrinkage stresses, and environmental pollution, though crosslinking systems are more thermally and chemically
A palm oil producer anticipates having 250 tonnes of crude palm oil ready for sale in two months at the current spot price of RM1,260 per tonne. To introduce stability, the producer can hedge by entering into an April futures contract when the price is RM1,275 per tonne. This locks in a sale price of RM1,275 while allowing the producer to benefit if prices increase or pay a loss if they decrease compared to the futures price.
The document discusses animal diversity and classifies animals according to their structure, eating habits, number of cells, presence of a vertebral column, and mode of reproduction. It asks questions to test the reader's understanding of how different animals are classified, including whether they are unicellular or multicellular, live on land or in water, reproduce by laying eggs or giving birth to live young, and examples of invertebrate animals.
For more details about our company and product range, visit our website www.packagingmachinesworld.com You can also visit our corporate website www.labhgroup.com to know more about our group.
You can send your inquiry to sales@packagingmachinesworld.com
Labh Group of Companies
( Packaging Machines Division )
Presents
Cooking Oil Packaging Project
Features :
• Latest advance design for best performance
• Manufactured in a state of the art manufacturing facility
• Sturdy design for continuous 24 x 7 running
• Best quality mechanical & electronics parts are used for long working life
• Easy to operate and maintain
• All product contact parts are made-up of food grade materials
• Most competitive price gives value for money proposition
Why Labh Group ?
• Most renowned and respected name in packaging industry worldwide
• Global presence in more than 100 countries worldwide
• Rich experience of more than 20 years in packaging industry
• World class manufacturing facility with state of the art equipment
• Highly trained and professional production and supporting staff
• Most stringent quality standard to ensure 100 % customer satisfaction
• Very competitive price offers best value for money proposition to our customers
• Strong R & D department continuously trying to bring new innovative ideas and concepts to supply world class products to our global customers
• “Win –Win” approach to develop long-term mutually beneficial relationship with our respectable customers
• Best logistics support to even very remote country all around the world
• World Class 24 x 7 after sales services offer peace of mind to our customers
We make wide range of quality packaging machines to cater various industries and applications. We offer packaging solutions to food, pharmaceutical, chemical, consumer products and many other industries.. We can even tailor made machine as per specific need of customer. Our machines are running successfully with utmost satisfaction of our customers in more than 100 countries worldwide. For more details about our company and complete range of packaging machines offered by us, please visit our website www.packagingmachinesworld.com
Apart from packaging machines, we can supply best quality packaging material and raw material for your products from our group companies to cover your entire needs and thus providing you 360° solution. Our team of expert designers can help you in developing excellent designs as well as offer innovative concepts for your packaging and promotional needs. You can visit our corporate website www.labhgroup.com to know more about our group and product range.
Welcome to Labh Group !
A Avon foi fundada em 1886 por David McConnell vendendo livros de porta em porta. Os perfumes que eram dados como brindes tiveram mais sucesso, dando origem ao sistema de vendas diretas da Avon. A empresa passou a se expandir pelo mundo com a chegada das primeiras revendedoras.
The oil palm is a tropical palm tree native to West Africa that is grown commercially for its fruit, which is processed to produce palm oil. There are two main species of oil palm - Elaeis guineensis originating from Africa and Elaeis oleifera from Central and South America. Oil palms are cultivated on large plantations and smallholder farms, with over 4 million hectares in Malaysia devoted to oil palm production, making Malaysia the world's largest producer and exporter of palm oil. Oil palms bear fruit bunches weighing 10-25 kg that contain 1000-3000 fruitlets, each with an oily flesh and seed rich in oil.
Palm oil production began in Indonesia and Malaysia in the 1800s and 1900s, initially established by British and Dutch plantation owners. It has since become a major industry in both countries. Palm oil can be used for food and cosmetics but also as biofuel to potentially reduce carbon emissions. However, expansion of palm oil plantations in Indonesia and Malaysia has contributed to deforestation, especially of carbon-rich peatlands, leading to increased greenhouse gas emissions. While Malaysia remains the world's largest palm oil exporter, Indonesia is working to become the top producer through developing new plantations and processing facilities.
Health Consortium of Pakistan launched HeartStar@ cooking oil in 2012. It is a combination of sunflower, canola, and soybean oils formulated to provide a perfect ratio of Omega-3, 6, and 9 fatty acids, which are considered good for health. HeartStar@ brings out the natural flavors and aromas of recipes while being processed using advanced European technology to ensure quality and consistency. It is targeted at health-conscious women and provides value through its high quality and benefits.
The edible oil market in India is the 4th largest globally worth $25 billion annually. India imports most of its edible oil needs, with palm and soy oils making up over 95% of imports. Branded cooking oils are growing at 20% annually, led by sunflower and soy oils. Major players in the Indian edible oil industry include national dairy development board, ITC, Marico industries, and Adani Wilmar. Per capita consumption varies greatly from 20kg for the top 10% to just 5kg for the bottom 30%.
- India is the fourth largest consumer of edible oils globally, but domestic production meets only about 35-40% of demand, forcing heavy reliance on imports.
- Consumption varies greatly by region and socioeconomic group. The industry is highly fragmented with over 600 extraction units and 166 vanaspati manufacturers, though only 10 oil and 8 vanaspati units have national reach.
- Key players include Adani Wilmar, Hindustan Unilever, ITC, and Marico. The market is growing at 8.7% annually but faces issues of surplus capacity and dependency on imports for raw materials.
Palm Oil, Palm Kernel Oil Process - Fractions, Derivatives and Product UsesGreenPalm
One of our previous infographics looked at an overview of the complexity in the palm oil / palm kernel oil supply chain. RSPO (Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil) certified oil still remains a market niche (16% of total palm oil production now RSPO certified); keeping physical oil separated from non certified oil can be very difficult and impossible depending on where you are based and the types of process and products used. If the world just used crude palm oil, tracing physical sustainable palm oil would be simpler.
We now delve a little deeper into the supply chain, identifying the various processes along the supply chain. Included are examples of product applications with a key that describes the various products and processes e.g Fractionation, Hydrogenation, distillation, IE Palm Stearin, RBD Palm Kernel Stearin, Emulsifier etc.
The product examples we provide do not cover all individual products that palm or palm kernel oil are used in. All main refinery processes are covered; however further blending and manufacturing processes do take place passed what is shown in this graphic.
Processes
- Palm Oil Mill Process
- Crushing
- Refining RBD
- Fractionation
- Interesterification
- Hydrogenation
- Glycerolysis
- Distillation
Products
- RBD Palm Oil
- RBD Palm Olein
- RBD Palm Stearin
- Double Olein (or Super Olein)
- Palm Mid Fraction
- Double Stearin
- Mid Stearin
- Palm Kernel Expeller
- RBD Palm Kernel Oil
- RBD Palm Kernel Olein
- RBD Palm Kernel Stearin
- Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD)
- Palm Kernel Fatty Acid Distillates (PKFAD)
- Oleochemicals
- Hydrogenated Palm Kernel Oil (HPKO)
- Emulsifier
- Hydrogenated Palm Olein
- Hydrogenated Double Olein
- Hydrogenated Palm Oil
- Hydrogenated Palm Kernel Olein
- IE Palm
- IE Palm Olein
- IE Palm Stearin
Palm oil production has significantly contributed to global vegetable oil supply, with Malaysia and Indonesia being major exporters. Palm oil cultivation uses less land than other oilseed crops to produce higher yields, making it more sustainable. The palm oil industry in Malaysia has adopted various green technologies over the past two decades such as zero burning practices and integrated pest management to reduce environmental impacts. Palm oil biomass is also being utilized through applications like power generation and waste treatment to further improve sustainability.
This document discusses edible packaging as an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional plastic packaging. It provides an introduction to edible packaging, explaining why it is needed due to the large amount of non-biodegradable plastic waste. Edible packaging is defined as a thin film or coating that can be consumed as part of the food. Common materials used include proteins, polysaccharides, and lipids. Edible packaging can provide benefits like moisture and gas barriers while being safely edible. However, challenges remain regarding their cost effectiveness and commercialization at scale.
The Indian edible oil industry is the fourth largest in the world. India produces around 25 million tons of oilseeds annually but still imports around half of its edible oil needs. Common oils produced in India include groundnut, mustard, soybean, and coconut. Olive oil consumption is also growing in India for health reasons. The edible oil industry contributes significantly to India's economy and agriculture. However, India still needs to increase domestic oilseed production and decrease its reliance on imports to meet growing demand.
The document discusses hydrophobic expanded perlite, including its production process, market analysis, and potential establishment location. It begins by explaining that perlite is a naturally occurring volcanic rock that is expanded through heating. This creates pockets that increase its volume 20-fold. It is then made hydrophobic through addition of an aqueous silane emulsion, which coats the expanded perlite and prevents water absorption. The document analyzes the global perlite market and reserves, key producers, applications, and economics of the location Izmir, Turkey as an potential establishment site. In summary, it provides details on creating and marketing hydrophobic expanded perlite as an improved insulation and construction material.
[Green Fund Investment Strategy] Jeju Island Wind Power Curtailment SolutionJoonhee Lee
This document proposes using electric vehicles (EVs) in Jeju Island's rental car market as energy storage for the island's excessive wind power production. Jeju Island has over-produced renewable energy for years, requiring shutdowns of wind turbines. Using EVs could store 20,000+ MWh of excess wind annually. Calculations show 5,000 EVs could be charged 40 times per year from excess wind, saving rental companies $36 billion annually in EV operating costs while reducing curtailment. Stakeholders that could benefit include wind operators, utilities, rental companies, and investors. The proposal aims to optimize demand response for renewable energy globally and complement growing renewable and EV adoption.
refining of crude oil by Arun kumar ranaBIET Jhansi
This document discusses the refining of crude oil. It begins by describing crude oil as a complex mixture of hydrocarbons found in the Earth's crust. The refining process separates crude oil into fractions using fractional distillation based on differences in boiling points. Major fractions include petroleum gas, naphtha, gasoline, kerosene, diesel, lubricating oil, and fuel oil. Further processing using thermal cracking and catalytic cracking converts heavier fractions into more valuable products like liquefied petroleum gas and gasoline. Refineries are upgraded in response to market demands and clean air regulations.
This document contains the resume of Mostafa Abd Elfattah Abd Elaziz Amro, including his contact information, objective, education history, skills, and work experience as a quality assurance and quality control engineer for various construction projects in Egypt and Saudi Arabia from 2004 to the present. He has over 15 years of experience managing quality control for civil works including concrete, steel structures, and finishing works for projects in industries like power plants, hotels, and real estate development. His roles have included ensuring construction quality, developing inspection plans, issuing non-conformance reports, and maintaining safety and health programs on projects with budgets up to $200 million.
To formally attest to a signature on a document, a notary public will sign and stamp the document with their seal after verifying the identity of the signer. For countries that have signed the Hague Convention, only an apostille is needed, which is a certificate attached to the document by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to authenticate the notary's seal. If the country is not part of the Hague Convention, the document must go through a process of legalization where each country's authorities further authenticate the document so it will be recognized as valid.
The document is a summer internship project report submitted by Vivek Kumar Gupta to Apeejay Institute of Technology regarding a potential market survey of ACC's value added products in Sahibabad. It includes a declaration by the author, a college certificate signed by the project guide and executive director, an acknowledgment, table of contents and the start of chapter 1 on introduction. The introduction provides background on value added products, scope and objectives of the study, research methodology used and limitations of the study.
Projects on Edible Oil Industry
(Non-Edible Oils, Fats, Vegetable Fats and Oils, Corn Oil, Cooking Oils, Rice Bran Oil, Castor Oil, Sesame Oil, Linseed Oil, Vanaspati Ghee, Mahuwa Oil, Turkey Red Oil, Eucalyptus Oil, Coconut Oil from Copra, Black Pepper Oil, Edible Corn Oil, Light Liquid Paraffin Oil, Neem Oil, Chili Oil, Olive Oil)
Edible oils are most often plant-based oils, which are similar, if not the same as those produced by the industrial biotech industry for use as biofuels such as biodiesel, for use in cosmetics, and in other everyday biotech products. Edible oils may be solid or liquid at room temperature.
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Edible Oil Production, Small Scale Processing of Edible Oils, Edible Oil Processing, Edible Oil Manufacturing Process, Edible Oil Processing Plant, Processing Edible Oils, Edible Oil Industry, Setting Up and Running Small-Scale Edible Oil Industry, Edible Oil Production and Edible Oil Process, Edible Oils Processing Equipment, Oil Processing Plant, Process Line of Edible Oil, Edible Oil Manufacturing, Production of Edible Oil, Profitable Edible Oil Manufacturing Business Ideas, Edible Oil Production, Edible Oil Production, Edible Oil Production Line, Edible Oil Production Project Report, Edible Oil Extraction, Edible Oil Manufacturing Unit, Edible Oil Production Business Plan, Methods for Extraction Of Edible Oil, Edible Oil Extraction, Extracting of Oil From Seed, Non-Edible Vegetable Oils, Production of Non-Edible Oil, Vegetable Oil Processing, Processing and Refining Edible Oils, Vegetable Oil Manufacturing, Mahua Oil, Mahua Oil Manufacture, Processing of Mahuwa Oil, Mahuwa Oil Processing, Manufacturing Process of Mahua Oil, Mahuwa Oil Production Plant, Business Plan for Manufacturing Mahuwa Oil, Extraction of Mahua Oil, Castor Oil & Its Derivatives, Project Report on Castor Oil and Its Derivatives, Castor Derivatives, Castor Oil Derivatives Plant, Production of Castor Oil, Castor Oil Plant, Castor Oil Processing Plant, Castor Oil Extraction, Castor Oil Processing, Castor Oil Manufacturing Plant, Method of Extracting Castor Oil, Preparation of Turkey Red Oil, Process of Manufacturing Turkey Red Oil, Process of Manufacturing Turkey Red Oil, Turkey Red Oil, Turkey Red Oil Manufacturing Plant, Turkey Red Oil Manufacturing Process, Production of Turkey Red Oil, Eucalyptus Oil, Eucalyptus Oil Manufacturing Plant, Profile On Eucalyptus Oil, Eucalyptus Oil Extraction
1. Film formation is the process by which a liquid coating is converted into a solid film after application. There are two main mechanisms for this - solvent evaporation and chemical crosslinking reactions.
2. For thermoplastic coatings, film formation occurs as the solvent evaporates, causing an increase in the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the coating to match or exceed the ambient temperature. For crosslinking coatings, particles soften and coalesce during heating, then chemical reactions cause molecular weight and viscosity to increase until the surface sets.
3. Both types of coatings aim to overcome issues like solvent retention, shrinkage stresses, and environmental pollution, though crosslinking systems are more thermally and chemically
A palm oil producer anticipates having 250 tonnes of crude palm oil ready for sale in two months at the current spot price of RM1,260 per tonne. To introduce stability, the producer can hedge by entering into an April futures contract when the price is RM1,275 per tonne. This locks in a sale price of RM1,275 while allowing the producer to benefit if prices increase or pay a loss if they decrease compared to the futures price.
The document discusses animal diversity and classifies animals according to their structure, eating habits, number of cells, presence of a vertebral column, and mode of reproduction. It asks questions to test the reader's understanding of how different animals are classified, including whether they are unicellular or multicellular, live on land or in water, reproduce by laying eggs or giving birth to live young, and examples of invertebrate animals.
For more details about our company and product range, visit our website www.packagingmachinesworld.com You can also visit our corporate website www.labhgroup.com to know more about our group.
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( Packaging Machines Division )
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Cooking Oil Packaging Project
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A Avon foi fundada em 1886 por David McConnell vendendo livros de porta em porta. Os perfumes que eram dados como brindes tiveram mais sucesso, dando origem ao sistema de vendas diretas da Avon. A empresa passou a se expandir pelo mundo com a chegada das primeiras revendedoras.
The oil palm is a tropical palm tree native to West Africa that is grown commercially for its fruit, which is processed to produce palm oil. There are two main species of oil palm - Elaeis guineensis originating from Africa and Elaeis oleifera from Central and South America. Oil palms are cultivated on large plantations and smallholder farms, with over 4 million hectares in Malaysia devoted to oil palm production, making Malaysia the world's largest producer and exporter of palm oil. Oil palms bear fruit bunches weighing 10-25 kg that contain 1000-3000 fruitlets, each with an oily flesh and seed rich in oil.
Palm oil production began in Indonesia and Malaysia in the 1800s and 1900s, initially established by British and Dutch plantation owners. It has since become a major industry in both countries. Palm oil can be used for food and cosmetics but also as biofuel to potentially reduce carbon emissions. However, expansion of palm oil plantations in Indonesia and Malaysia has contributed to deforestation, especially of carbon-rich peatlands, leading to increased greenhouse gas emissions. While Malaysia remains the world's largest palm oil exporter, Indonesia is working to become the top producer through developing new plantations and processing facilities.
Health Consortium of Pakistan launched HeartStar@ cooking oil in 2012. It is a combination of sunflower, canola, and soybean oils formulated to provide a perfect ratio of Omega-3, 6, and 9 fatty acids, which are considered good for health. HeartStar@ brings out the natural flavors and aromas of recipes while being processed using advanced European technology to ensure quality and consistency. It is targeted at health-conscious women and provides value through its high quality and benefits.
The edible oil market in India is the 4th largest globally worth $25 billion annually. India imports most of its edible oil needs, with palm and soy oils making up over 95% of imports. Branded cooking oils are growing at 20% annually, led by sunflower and soy oils. Major players in the Indian edible oil industry include national dairy development board, ITC, Marico industries, and Adani Wilmar. Per capita consumption varies greatly from 20kg for the top 10% to just 5kg for the bottom 30%.
- India is the fourth largest consumer of edible oils globally, but domestic production meets only about 35-40% of demand, forcing heavy reliance on imports.
- Consumption varies greatly by region and socioeconomic group. The industry is highly fragmented with over 600 extraction units and 166 vanaspati manufacturers, though only 10 oil and 8 vanaspati units have national reach.
- Key players include Adani Wilmar, Hindustan Unilever, ITC, and Marico. The market is growing at 8.7% annually but faces issues of surplus capacity and dependency on imports for raw materials.
Palm Oil, Palm Kernel Oil Process - Fractions, Derivatives and Product UsesGreenPalm
One of our previous infographics looked at an overview of the complexity in the palm oil / palm kernel oil supply chain. RSPO (Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil) certified oil still remains a market niche (16% of total palm oil production now RSPO certified); keeping physical oil separated from non certified oil can be very difficult and impossible depending on where you are based and the types of process and products used. If the world just used crude palm oil, tracing physical sustainable palm oil would be simpler.
We now delve a little deeper into the supply chain, identifying the various processes along the supply chain. Included are examples of product applications with a key that describes the various products and processes e.g Fractionation, Hydrogenation, distillation, IE Palm Stearin, RBD Palm Kernel Stearin, Emulsifier etc.
The product examples we provide do not cover all individual products that palm or palm kernel oil are used in. All main refinery processes are covered; however further blending and manufacturing processes do take place passed what is shown in this graphic.
Processes
- Palm Oil Mill Process
- Crushing
- Refining RBD
- Fractionation
- Interesterification
- Hydrogenation
- Glycerolysis
- Distillation
Products
- RBD Palm Oil
- RBD Palm Olein
- RBD Palm Stearin
- Double Olein (or Super Olein)
- Palm Mid Fraction
- Double Stearin
- Mid Stearin
- Palm Kernel Expeller
- RBD Palm Kernel Oil
- RBD Palm Kernel Olein
- RBD Palm Kernel Stearin
- Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD)
- Palm Kernel Fatty Acid Distillates (PKFAD)
- Oleochemicals
- Hydrogenated Palm Kernel Oil (HPKO)
- Emulsifier
- Hydrogenated Palm Olein
- Hydrogenated Double Olein
- Hydrogenated Palm Oil
- Hydrogenated Palm Kernel Olein
- IE Palm
- IE Palm Olein
- IE Palm Stearin
Palm oil production has significantly contributed to global vegetable oil supply, with Malaysia and Indonesia being major exporters. Palm oil cultivation uses less land than other oilseed crops to produce higher yields, making it more sustainable. The palm oil industry in Malaysia has adopted various green technologies over the past two decades such as zero burning practices and integrated pest management to reduce environmental impacts. Palm oil biomass is also being utilized through applications like power generation and waste treatment to further improve sustainability.
This document discusses edible packaging as an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional plastic packaging. It provides an introduction to edible packaging, explaining why it is needed due to the large amount of non-biodegradable plastic waste. Edible packaging is defined as a thin film or coating that can be consumed as part of the food. Common materials used include proteins, polysaccharides, and lipids. Edible packaging can provide benefits like moisture and gas barriers while being safely edible. However, challenges remain regarding their cost effectiveness and commercialization at scale.
The Indian edible oil industry is the fourth largest in the world. India produces around 25 million tons of oilseeds annually but still imports around half of its edible oil needs. Common oils produced in India include groundnut, mustard, soybean, and coconut. Olive oil consumption is also growing in India for health reasons. The edible oil industry contributes significantly to India's economy and agriculture. However, India still needs to increase domestic oilseed production and decrease its reliance on imports to meet growing demand.
The document discusses Gokul Refoils & Solvent Ltd. (GRSL), an Indian edible oil company. It provides details about GRSL's history, leadership, production facilities, products, markets, and opportunities in the Indian edible oil industry. GRSL was founded in 1993 in Sidhpur, Gujarat and is a leading producer and exporter of refined vegetable oils in India. It has production units in Sidhpur, Gandhidham, and Surat and trades domestically and internationally.
Plantation sector outlook remains positive due to emerging market demand for palm oil and biodiesel mandates. Palm oil consumption represents about 36-37% of the eight major vegetable oils and has grown at a 4.4% compound annual rate from 2007-2011. Malaysia's palm oil production in 2011 reached similar levels to late 2008 when prices hit lows, but strong emerging market GDP growth and consumption are supporting prices this time.
Market Research India - Imported Edible Oils Market in India 2009Netscribes, Inc.
India is the world's largest importer of edible oils due to strong domestic demand and constraints on domestic production. While domestic consumption is growing steadily, domestic oilseed production remains low and inefficient. As a result, India relies heavily on imports, primarily of palm and soybean oils, to meet consumption needs. Liberalized trade policies since the 1990s have reduced import barriers and tariffs, ensuring a steady supply of affordable imported oils to the Indian market.
The document discusses various topics related to crude oil, including:
1) Where oil is found, with Saudi Arabia and Canada having the largest proven reserves, and OPEC being an organization of major oil-exporting nations.
2) The different types of oil classified by weight and chemical properties.
3) Key factors like supply, demand, and price that influence the international oil market.
4) Crude oil production and consumption trends for countries like the US, China, and India.
'Overview of Indian Oilseed Sector Short term and Long term Demand - Supply and Import of Vegetable Oil with special reference to Indonesia and recent policy changes' by Dr. B.V. Mehta, 2014
Oil palm is the most productive oil seed in the world. A single hectare of oil palm may yield 5,000 kilograms of crude oil, or nearly 6,000 liters of crude. Palm Oil an expeller-pressed food oil, obtained from fresh fruit bunches (FFB) of oil palm cultivated in plantations. Palm oil is the second largest edible oil and accounts for approximately 23 per cent of the world's fats and oil supply. Since 80 per cent of palm produced is used in food - its nutritional properties are of extreme importance. For comparison, soybeans and corn—crops often heralded as top biofuels sources—generate only 446 and 172 liters per hectare, respectively. Oil palm requires 7-11 times less land area than soybean, rapeseed and sunflower to produce the same amount of oil.
Jatropha Curcas Oil: A Sustainable Source for Production of BiobieselZK8
Jatropha curcus has potential for biodiesel production in India. It is a drought-resistant, multipurpose plant that can grow in marginal lands with low rainfall. Its seeds contain oil that can be converted to biodiesel via transesterification. This process produces fatty acid methyl esters which have properties similar to conventional diesel but with reduced emissions. Jatropha is a sustainable source for biodiesel production as it can grow in wastelands and uses non-edible oils, helping to reduce dependence on imported fuels.
G.akhil vegetable oils working on ic enginesAKHIL G
The document discusses the performance of internal combustion engines using vegetable oils as fuel. It provides an overview of biodiesel production from vegetable oils and animal fats through a process called transesterification. The performance and economics of biodiesel from sources like soybean oil and waste vegetable oil are compared to petroleum diesel. While biodiesel blends perform better in some ways, production costs and limited raw material availability restrict its commercial use. The document also outlines advantages and disadvantages of using straight vegetable oils in engines.
This document provides an overview of the global oil industry, including:
- The upstream and downstream segments of the oil value chain.
- Economics of the US oil value chain, including margins in different segments.
- Factors that influence petrol pricing in India such as crude oil costs, taxes, and refinery margins.
- Top global oil producers and the largest oil and gas companies.
- An overview of the Indian oil scenario including production and refining capacity.
- The refinery process and products produced.
Base oil is produced from refined crude oil through distillation, refining, de-waxing, and hydro-finishing processes. It is primarily used to formulate engine oils, gear oils, motor oils, hydraulic fluids, and greases. There are three groups of base oils - Group I is the least refined; Group II is manufactured through hydro-cracking; and Group III has the highest viscosity index and stability. Despite advances in Groups II and III production, Group I remains the largest source of global base oil output. The global base oil market is dominated by companies from Asia, Europe, the Middle East, and North America. Worldwide lubricant demand is growing around 2% per year, driven primarily by
Production of Biodiesel from Jatropha Curcas Oil by using Pilot Biodiesel Pla...ZY8
The document discusses Bulk Agro (India) Pvt. Ltd.'s operation of a pilot biodiesel plant that produces biodiesel from Jatropha Curcas oil. It introduces Jatropha as a potential biodiesel feedstock for India due to its growth in tropical regions. The pilot plant has a capacity of 250 liters per day and converts Jatropha oil to biodiesel through a transesterification process using methanol as a catalyst. Test results showed the biodiesel met fuel properties similar to conventional diesel fuel.
This document presents information on Pongamia oil as an alternative fuel. It discusses how Pongamia oil is extracted from seeds of the Pongamia tree and has properties similar to diesel. Experimental testing of Pongamia oil blends in diesel engines showed satisfactory performance with minor issues. Using Pongamia oil could help address the problems of limited petroleum resources and reduce dependence on imports while providing economic benefits to local communities.
1) The document discusses the status and outlook of the Indian vegetable oil industry, with a focus on palm oil.
2) It notes that India's vegetable oil production meets only about 30-35% of demand, so India imports over 70% of its vegetable oil needs, mainly palm, soybean, and sunflower oils.
3) The demand for vegetable oils in India is projected to continue growing at 3-5% annually due to factors like income growth and changing diets, increasing India's vegetable oil imports.
This Presentation gives detailed information regarding Indian Mentha Oil Production, Exports, Imports, By Products produced, Spot Market Prices of Mentha for last consecutive six years along with fundamental & technical analysis and ways to tackle the price volatility of the Mentha Oil in India.
"Latin America Perspectives and Opportunities"Petrobras
1) Petrobras is Brazil's state-controlled oil company that is market-oriented and profitable. It had the highest trading volume on the NYSE of any company in 2006.
2) While controlled by the Brazilian government, Petrobras complies with international governance standards and operates internationally, using advanced technologies.
3) Petrobras' investment plan from 2007-2011 is $87.1 billion, with 56% going to upstream oil and gas production as Brazil aims to become self-sufficient in oil.
Latin America Perspectives and OpportunitiesPetrobras
Petrobras is a Brazilian state-controlled oil company that is seeking to become self-sufficient in oil production and refining. It has invested $87 billion from 2007-2011, with over half going to upstream exploration and production. Petrobras aims to increase its total oil, natural gas, and oil equivalent production by over 7.5% annually through 2011. It is also expanding into renewable fuels like ethanol and biodiesel to meet growing energy demand and reduce dependence on imported oil. Petrobras has fully integrated infrastructure for transporting oil, ethanol and other fuels via pipelines, ships and refineries.
Similar to Project Report On Import Of Crude Palm Oil (20)
1. Import of Crude
palm oil
A Project report
by
Rahul Khetawat
1/13/2010
2. Table of Content
Index Page No.
World Consumption pattern of Edible oil 3
Edible oil Consumption in India 4-5
Branded oil V/s generic oil 6
India’s Edible oil Production 7
India’s import of vegetable oil 8
India’s Supply and demand analysis 9
Status of vegetable oil industry in India 10
Import tariff on vegetable oil 11
Crude Palm oil Market in India 12
Crude Palm oil Import Process 13-14
2
3. Pricing technique for imports 15-16
Trade Terms in CPO Import 17-18
Quality Specification for CPO 19
Major Exporters of CPO 20-21
Major Importers of CPO 22-23
Global Consumption Pattern of edible oil
Chart No.1
3
4. 2008-09 : 163.14MT
Sun flower oil
8%
Palm oil
27%
Palm oil
Others Fats
25% Soya oil
Rape oil
PKO & CNO
Others Fats
Sun flower oil
PKO & CNO Soya oil
5% 22%
Rape oil
13%
Source: Oil world report
Edible oil consumption in India
4
5. The Indian edible oil market is the world’s third largest market after America and china. A
growing population and increasing rate of consumption and increasing per capita income are
accelerating the demand for edible oil in India.
India is the leading player in edible oil and world’s
largest importer ahead of European Union and China and world’s third largest consumer after
(China and European Union). Each year, India consumes 16Mn tons of edible oil, the per capita
consumption is 14.5Kg p.a. This is very low as compared to the world’s average of 23.5Kg P.a.
there is extreme variation in consumption country’s top 10% population consume 20kg p.a. and
bottom 30% consume 5kg p.a. Domestic supply is estimated 8.2Mn ton and rest is imported by
2012-13 per capita consumption is expected to be 16-17kg p.a.
Popular cooking medium used in India includes sunflower oil, mustard
oil, Groundnut oil, Soyabean oil, palm oil and coconut oil. Mustard, soyabean and palm oil
accounts 75% of total edible oil consumption only around 16% of Indian households consume
branded edible oils among the branded oils. refined oil accounts for 60% of the consumption and
crude oil accounts for the balance. Branded edible oil penetrated 31% of households in urban
areas and 9% in rural area. Edible oil sector in India is largely unorganized with few organized
players.
Regional Consumer preferences in India
Mustard North East, Central North and East
Groundnut West
Palm Central and south
Soyabean North and Central
Sunflower Largely consumed in urban area but in lower quantity.
India’s Consumption of edible oil in (‘000 tons)
Table No. 1
5
6. 2007-08 2006-07 2005-06 2004-05 2003-04
Soyabean oil 2250 2550 2850 2700 1900
Cotton oil 900 900 720 660 520
Ground nut 880 580 1020 950 1100
oil
Sun oil 580 780 680 500 500
Rape oil 1750 2150 2250 1420 1700
Sesame oil 120 120 160 200 200
Palm oil 4710 3925 3150 3436 3500
Laurics 600 600 450 450 500
Rice bran 720 680 650 600 600
others 225 225 350 350 200
Total 12735 12510 12280 11366 10820
Source: Dorab. E. mistry’s Report presented at CIOOC
Key highlights
Consumption of palm oil is Crushing of local oil seed is
rapidly growing in India due to decreasing due to lower crushing
price competitiveness. Branded V/s Generic oil
margins.
Chart No. 2
6
7. 80
70
60
50
40 Edible oil
75
30
20
10 25
0
Branded oil Generic oil
Source: Dorab. E. mistry’s Report presented at CIOOC
Key Highlights
The branded segment of the pie
Indian Edible oil market size
is 25% and it’s growing at
Estimated Value: 750bn INR 25-30% p.a
India’s edible oil production in (‘000 tons)
Table No.2
7
8. 2008-09 2007-08 2006-07 2005-006 2004-05
Soyabean oil 1200 1445 1280 1140 900
Cotton oil 1000 1050 920 755 660
Ground nut 450 900 580 950 970
oil
Sun oil 500 550 580 620 470
Rape oil 1900 1750 2150 2250 1570
Seasame oil 160 120 120 125 200
Coconut oil 400 380 380 400 400
Rice Bran oil 700 720 680 660 610
Others oil 440 250 225 200 200
Total 6600 7145 6915 7100 5980
Source: Dorab. E. mistry’s Report presented at CIOOC
Key Highlights
India’s edible oil production has
significantly improved since 2000
but still not able to achieve self
sufficiency into it. But last year due
to lack of monsoon production was
low.
India’s Import of Vegetable oil
Table No. 3
Qty in M.T 2008-09 2007-08 2006-07 2005-06 2004-05
8
9. Crude Soya 9,89,613 7,59,433 13,22,920 17,03,860 20,01,745
oil
Crude Palm 51,87,063 40,44,063 29,94,225 23,72,681 23,60,573
oil
Sun oil 5,90,175 26,490 1,95,245 1,00,843 1,86,684
RBD 12,40,018 7,30,794 1,15,142 1,13,491 4,22,735
palmolien
Crude Palm 1,07,622 26,264 9,672 26,840 32,558
kernel oil
others 68,869 21,366 66,436 99,618 37,312
Total 81,83,360 56,08,410 47,14,760 44,16,833 50,41,607
Source: http://www.seaofindia.com/oilimport_data/Importdata_Oct._2009.pdf
Key highlights
Edible oil import bill is second Palm is the highest imported
largest import bill of India after commodity by India its import
crude oil. As per sea report last value is significantly increasing
year Rs. 28000cr. Of edible oil due price parity and zero import
were imported by India. duty and it can blend in any oil.
9
11. India’s Supply and Demand Analysis
All Values in (‘000 tons) Table No. 5
Source: Dorab. E. mistry’s Report presented at CIOOC
India’s S&D for 2008-09 2007-08 2006-07 2005-06
Opening Stock 1025 750 750 915
Productions 6600 7145 7135 7370
Imports 8600 6300 5940 5815
Consumptions 14925 12995 12735 13000
Exports 100 175 175 200
Closing Stock 1200 1025 915 900
Per Capita 12.86 11.40
Consumption
Key highlight
Shameful
paradox
of Indian
agricultur
Indian soyabean farmers are
getting less MSP than his
American counterparts. Now avg.
size of soya farm is less than 2
hectare and productivity is 1/3 of
Status of Vegetable oil Industry in India as on April 2008
u.s. and brazil its affects our self-
sufficiency targets. 11
12. Table No.6
Source: Sea report
Type of oil No. of unit Annual Production Avg. Capacity
Capacity (Lac MT.) utilization
Oil Seed Crushing 150000 425 in terms of seeds 10-30%
units
Solvent Extraction 779 419 in terms of oil 33
unit bearing material
Refineries attached 127 51 in terms of oil 45
with vanaspati units
Refineries attached 225 37 in terms of oil 29
with solvent unit
Independent 585 35 in terms of oil 36
refineries
Total refineries 937 123 in terms of oil 37
Vanaspati unit 268 58 in terms of 19
vanaspati, Bakery
shortening &
margarine
Crude Palm oil Market in India
12
13. Indians are consuming all the palm oil produced in Malaysia and Indonesia. India is the largest
importer and consumer of edible oils in the world and the country imports nearly 3.5-4 million
tons of palm oil annually mainly from Malaysia and by Indonesia.
India is dependent on palm oil imports for over 25% of its annual edible requirement. There has
been a sharp rise in the imports of palm oil into the country during the post 1998 period.
Rising consumption of palm oil in India is mainly attributed to its price competitiveness among
several of its competing oils is being met through increasing imports. The import is mainly
through the ports of Kandla, Kakinada, Kolkata, Mangalore, Mundra, Mumbai and Chennai.
Palm oil supports many other industries in India like refining, Vanaspati and other industrial
sectors apart from human consumption as RBD palmolein.
The major importing and trading centers for palm in India are Chennai, Kakinada, Mumbai and
Kandla. The other centers like Mundra, Kolkata, Mangalore and Karwar also play important role,
but next to the four major trading centers. Besides these palm oil trade in India is influenced by
the supply-demand scene in the domestic market, including the factors influencing various
oilseed production in the country, prices of various domestically produced and imported oils,
production and trade policies of the Government- mainly the export-import policy, over-all
health of the economy that has a bearing on the purchasing power of ultimate consumers, etc
The entire industry of CPO in India is dominated by importers, large refiners, corporate involved
in wholesale and retail trade through value-addition and retail-regional level players along with a
few National level players. The industry is dominated by over 200 importing Companies, who
are mostly refiners too.
Import Duty Structure for Vegetable oil
Table no.7
13
15. Dec, 2009 137656 476937
Jan,2010 131876 512516
Feb,2010 131160 387918
March,2010 95227 311818
April, 2010 67604 270822
Total 676127 2410163
Source: http://www.seaofindia.com/oilimport_data/Importdata_April_2010.pdf
Factors Driving Prices of Palm oil in India
1. Palm oil production in Indonesia and Malaysia.
2. Demand of byproducts of palm oil.
3. Production of oil Seeds in India.
4. Crude oil prices in international market.
5. Production of soyabean in America, Argentina, Brazil.
15
16. 6. Import duty and export duty.
7. Prices of domestic oil seeds
8. Price discount of palm oil to soya oil
9. Interest rates
Crude Palm oil Import Process
Supplier’s selection
Reference check of supplier in Local
and international market
16
17. Negotiation of trade term with supplier
Supplier issue soft offer to buyer with
price and tentative delivery dates
Buyer issues irrevocable corporate
purchase offer with full banking co-
ordinates and bank comfort letter
Seller issue full corporate offer and
NCNDA to buyer
Buyer accepts the terms and
conditions of the FCO by endorsing &
sealing the FCO and returns it together
with NCNDA to seller.
Crude Palm oil Import process Contd…
Seller issue, signed sale and purchase
agreement to buyer
Buyer duly signed and sealed the
contract and returns it to seller with 17
draft of letter of credit.
Within 5 days, Buyer's bank sends the
Buyer's bank sends POF to show
operative Letter or Credit that activates
Seller’s bank issues to Buyer’s bank as
readiness to and shipmentof Credit
Delivery sends Letter commence
the Performance Bond 2%. contract
the Proof of Product (POP)
as per per contract
scheduled in
18. Pricing for Crude Palm oil Import
Palm oil prices in India depend on the imported palm oil from Malaysia and Indonesia at
the various ports. The prices in these countries are directly reflected in the trend of the
palm oil prices at Indian ports.
Kualalmpur stock exchange (KLSE) is benchmark for crude palm oil trade in both
physical and future side. But for import transaction generally two types of pricing
methods are practiced.
Formula driven pricing – This type of pricing technique generally used in free
on board transactions it means supplier will deliver goods at load port only afterwards
its buyers responsibility. In this type of transactions seller never ever disclose final
price of goods. He will offer certain percentage discount on KLSE price. But final he
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19. will the day when you will tell him that today we are going to raise the LC so
Closing MPOB price of a previous working day on the date of LC openig minus
discount will be effective for you.
Cost elements
1. Cost of product
2. Transportation cost for taking oil to the load port.
3. All Taxes and Duties (At load port only)
4. Shore tank charges ( place where oil will store on port)
5. Inspection Charges.
6. Cost Involved in loading of oil into the vessel.
7. And other expenses will involved in final pricing.
Fixed Pricing – This type of pricing generally used in CIF transactions. In this
type of transactions seller takes responsibility of delivering good at destination port. The day we
signed sale purchase agreement price get locked. After signing of contract buyer has to raise the
LC in 5 banking days.
Cost Elements
1. Cost of product
2. Transportation cost for taking oil to the load port.
3. All Taxes and Duties (At load port only)
4. Shore tank charges ( place where oil will store on port)
5. Inspection Charges.
6. Cost Involved in loading of oil into the vessel.
7. Cost of insurance
8. Vessel freight
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20. 9. Other Charges.
Trade Terms/International commercial terms
1. Free on Board - In this trade condition seller has to deliver good vessel designated by buyer
and he will have bear entire expenses till loading.
2. Cost and freight – in this commercial term seller has to arrange vessel for shipment of good
and he will have bear all the expenses till loading he will also pay freight of vessel.
3. Cost Insurance freight – this is very much similar to the cost and freight but in this term
seller also takes responsibility of marine insurance and pays insurance premium for the safety of
goods.
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21. Extension of this term is Shipped weight and quality final at unload port- Seller takes
responsibility of everything till unloading of good at destination. But in this term seller can’t
discount LC only after loading he will have to wait for final quality and quantity report which
will be issued at unload port. This is the safest trade term for a importer because it ensure 100%
quantity and quality of product.
Quality Specification for CPO
Palm oil refiners association of Malaysia (PORAM) quality
specifications is acceptable in entire globe for crude palm oil trade.
No. Parameters Specification
1 Free Fatty Acid (% as PALMITIC) 5% Max
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22. 2 Moisture & Impurities 0.5% Max
3 Iodine Value 50-55 Min
4 Melting Point 33-39 Deg Max
5 DOBI 2.31 deg Min
6 CLOUD POINT (OC) 3.5R 3.5Y
7 Temp During Voyage 32 Min / 40 Max
8 Temp at time of Loading / Discharge 50 Min / 55 Max
Source: http://www.poram.org.my/v1/
Major exporters of crude palm oil
1. Agri Trade international, Singapore
Agri trade has been trading palm oil for the past 30 years and has an extensive global network of
suppliers and customers that is steadily growing. Having an established network around the
world with good partners allows Agri trade to do the distribution of palm products to countries
like India, China, Malaysia and Indonesia. This distribution channel helps complete the supply
chain of the palm oil business and Agri trade is targeting to expand this business to more
emerging markets. With 85% of Agri trade’s trading activity derived from palm related
activities, the Palm Oil Division is an instrumental part of Agri trade’s business success.
Agri trade’s niche in the palm business is centered around our ability to source for good quality
oil direct from the plantations and oil mills of Malaysia and Indonesia. Agri trade has many joint
ventures with oil palm plantations, mills and refineries for sourcing crude palm oil and the
manufacture of end-user products from crude palm oil and palm kernel oil.
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23. 2. Felda marketing services Sdn. Bhd.
70 palm oil mills all over Malaysia have a combined rated capacity of 3,267 tons/hour. In 2009,
they processed 15.16 million tons of FFB to produce 3.11 million tons of CPO. This accounted
for almost 8% of global production and 18% of Malaysia's total output. Palm Kernel produced
was 0.82 million tons. In the plantation sector, world's largest single Group plantation
management extends to some 326 FELDA and smallholder estates covering more than 555,456
hectares. 96% of these are planted with oil palm.
3. Golden Agri International
The world's second largest oil palm plantation in terms of planted hectarage, with the largest total
land bank. The Group has vertically integrated operations that capture returns from all levels of
the value chain. The Group's revenue in 2009 was US$2.3 billion, with total assets of US$7.9
billion.
4. Sime Derby
Managing over 80,000 hectares of oil palm estates in Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah and
Kalimantan, as well as operating 8 mills in these areas to extract CPO. Marketing activities of
CPB’s CPO is handled internally via Commodities Trading Malaysia.
5. Wilmar International Ltd.
Wilmar is the largest global processor and merchandiser of palm and lauric oils, a major oil palm
plantation owner and the largest palm biodiesel manufacturer in the world. perate over 160
processing plants and employ 60,000 people in more than 20 countries, with a primary focus on
Indonesia, Malaysia, China, India and Europe. Through an extensive distribution network, our
products are sold to more than 50 countries globally.
6. Astra Agro, Indonesia
PT Astra Agro Lestari Tbk manages more than 250.000 hectares of oil palm plantations,
spreading in Sumatra, Kalimantan and Sulawesi with the average age of its plantations are 14
years, the peak productive age period. Up until the end of 2008,
7. Inter-Continental Oils & Fats Pte Ltd.
8. Virgoz oil and fats
9. Global Advance oil and fats
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24. Source: All data collected from related company’s websites
Major Importers of Crude Palm oil in India
1. Ruchi Soya
Ruchi today holds edible oil refining capacity of about 2.2 million tones per annum and process
nearly 1.5 million tones of imported crude oils namely Palm Oil, Soyabean Oil and Sunflower
oil. Ruchi soya is one of the few edible oil companies in the country that has a balanced mix of
inland and port based refineries. This enables them to optimize production depending upon the
availability of various alternatives – local oilseeds or imported crude oil. Moreover, multi-
location refineries have reduced road travel costs leading to significant transportation cost
advantage. They have sixteen refineries at various locations and 14 inland crushing plants.
2. Adani Wilmar Ltd.
The company has production infrastructure across the country with a crushing capacity of over
6000 TPD (Tonnes per Day) and Refining capacity of over 5000 TPD. AWL is one of the very
few national players in the Industry to have this massive production infrastructure, with all its
plants so strategically located to take advantage of the Import Parity and Domestic crop season.
3. Emami Group
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25. The company's Haldia refinery currently has capacity of producing 1,200 tonnes of edible oil per
day On the domestic front, Emami is setting up two new edible oil refineries in Andhra Pradesh
and Gujarat at an investment of about Rs 600 crore. The two new plants are expected to go on
stream in two to three years and the firm's total capacity will increase to 4,200 tonnes per day
from the current 1,200 tonnes per day.
"The refinery in Andhra Pradesh will have a capacity of producing 1,500 tonnes per day, while
the Gujarat units will also have a similar capacity,"
4. K.S oil Ltd
Company’s oil refinery in one of India's most well connected ocean ports, Haldia, with a
capacity of a 500 metric tonnes per day; it also has 4 inland refineries with total capacity of
1,200 metric tonnes per day.
5. Gokul Refoil ltd
Company’s oil refining capacity is 750000mt. p.a. And all the plants are strategically located.
6. Godrej Agrovet ltd.
Godrej Agrovet has developed 35000 hectares of oil palm in the States of Andhra Pradesh, Goa,
Karnataka, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Orissa and Mizoram and Planning to invest 1 billion rupees
($22 million) in the next five years building refineries to process production from more than
100,000 hectares they have Factories in Andhra Pradesh, Goa and Tamil Nadu.
7. Vijay Solvex Ltd.
8. Bunge Ltd.
9. National Dairy Development Board
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26. Mode of Payments for import of Crude Palm oil
Letter of Credit
A standard, commercial letter of credit is a document issued mostly by a financial institution,
used primarily in trade finance, which usually provides an irrevocable payment undertaking.
The letter of credit can also be source of payment for a transaction, meaning that
redeeming the letter of credit will pay an exporter. Letters of credit are used primarily in
international trade transactions of significant value, for deals between a supplier in one country
and a customer in another.
Type of Letter of credit used in CPO transaction
1. Irrevocable Transfferable Sight LC –
Seller can transfer this LC to 3rd party if he wants to do that. Generally traders demand this type
of LC and 3rd party can receive payment from bank after producing all necessary documents.
2. Irrevocable Sight LC –
This LC cannot be transferred by seller only beneficiary can discount that LC.
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27. 3. Irrevocable Transfferable usance LC –
In this type of credit bank provide credit to buyer for making payment in other word bank pays
on the behalf of buyer as per guidance of buyer and sale &purchase agreement. Seller can
transfer this LC to 3rd party. After certain time period buyer pays to bank.
4. Irrevocable usance LC
Same as above but in this type of LC seller cannot transfer it to 3rd party.
Documents required for LC discounting
1. IF trade term is free on board (FOB)
a. Commercial invoices in three (3) copies showing Contract No., the DLC No., and description
of goods.
b. Delivery Order.
c. Survey report issued by Sucofindo or Sgs surveyor .
d. Full set of clean "On Board" Bill(s) of Lading three (3) originals and four (4) duplicate copies,
made to order a blank endorsed marked freight prepaid, to notify applicant and
applicant’s bank, evidencing shipment of goods as described above.
e. Certificate of shipped quality and quantity ascertained at port of loading and issued by an
independent surveyor; Each certificate shall be issued in three (3) originals and three (3)
duplicate copies.
f. Certificate of Analysis, issued by Sucofindo/SGS Surveyor Company.
g. Packing List Cargo Manifest in 1 (one) original and two (2) copies.
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28. h. Certificate of Origin shall be endorsed by any Local Chamber of Commerce or relevant
authority in beneficiary country- three (3) copies.
2. IF trade term is Cost Insurance and Freight (CIF)
a. Commercial invoices in three (3) copies showing Contract No., the DLC No., and description
of goods.
b. Delivery Order.
c. Survey report issued by Sucofindo or Sgs surveyor mutually agreed.
d. Full set of clean "On Board" Bill(s) of Lading three (3) originals and four (4) duplicate copies,
made to order a blank endorsed marked freight prepaid, to notify applicant and
applicant’s bank, evidencing shipment of goods as described above.
e. Certificate of shipped quality and quantity ascertained at port of loading and issued by an
independent surveyor; Each certificate shall be issued in three (3) originals and three (3)
duplicate copies.
f. Certificate of Analysis, issued by Sucofindo/SGS Surveyor Company.
g. Packing List Cargo Manifest in 1 (one) original and two (2) copies.
h. Certificate of Origin shall be endorsed by any Local Chamber of Commerce or relevant
authority in beneficiary country- three (3) copies.
I. Transit Insurance Certificate
J. Certificate issued by shipping company certifying that vessel is sea worthy and not more than
25 year old.
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