The document discusses odontogenic diseases of the maxillary sinus. It begins with an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the maxillary sinus, including its size, location within the skull, and role in air conditioning and voice resonance. The document then covers clinical and radiographic examination of the sinus. It distinguishes between non-odontogenic infections like sinusitis, and odontogenic infections which can arise from dental issues. The document outlines treatment for maxillary sinus infections, both non-surgical and surgical options. It also discusses management of complications like oro-antral communications that involve surgical repair or closure.
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CDC defined AIDS as
“The occurrence of one or more group of life-threatening opportunistic infections, malignancies, neurologic diseases and other specific illness in patients with HIV infection or with CD4 counts less than 200/cu mm”
AIDS is defined as a condition indicative of a defect in cell-mediated immunity occurring in a person with no known cause for immunodeficiency other than the presence of HIV.
CDC defined AIDS as
“The occurrence of one or more group of life-threatening opportunistic infections, malignancies, neurologic diseases and other specific illness in patients with HIV infection or with CD4 counts less than 200/cu mm”
The lower jaw frequently breaks due to accidents, assaults or sometimes due to underlying disease. Just as with other bones in the body, there are a various methods for repairing the mandible.
Ludwig's Angina is an infective condition of the floar of mouth above and below the mylohyoid muscle. Tongue is raised, mouth remains open and there may be compromised airway and require tracheostomy. Treatment is medical in the form of antibioticsand pain killers and surgical in the form of incision and drainage.
Dr. Ahmed M. Adawy, Professor Emeritus, Dep. Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. Former Dean, Faculty of Dental Medicine
Al-Azhar University. The Pathogenesis of infection in oro-facial region due to odontogenic origin is a common clinical issue. bacterial invasion to deeper tissues usually a spread from diseased dental pulp. Recent evidences indicated a multi-microbial nature. The spread of infection is governed by the thickness of the investing bone and the anatomical relation of the tooth root to the attached muscle. Infection could spread from one facial space to another, and the condition may be aggravated to life threatening situations.
ODONTOGENIC MYXOMA :
Benign mesenchymal lesion that mimics microscopically the dental pulp or follicular connective tissue
Derived from odontogenic ectomesenchymeClinical feature:
Age : 10- 50 yrs with mean age of 30 yrs
No gender predilection
Both mandible and maxilla are equally effectedClinical feature:
Age : 10- 50 yrs with mean age of 30 yrs
No gender predilection
Both mandible and maxilla are equally effectedClinical feature:
Age : 10- 50 yrs with mean age of 30 yrs
No gender predilection
Both mandible and maxilla are equally effected
Radiographic feature :
Radiolucent and it appear as a well circumscribed or diffuse lesion
Often multilocular with honey comb pattern
Cortical plate expansion, root displacement or resorption may be seen Histopathology :
Tumor consist of acellular myxomatous connective tissue.
Benign fibroblast and myofibroblast with some amount of collagen are found in matrix
Bony island representing residual tubeculae
Capillaries are scattered through out the lesion
Diseases of maxillary sinus /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian d...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The lower jaw frequently breaks due to accidents, assaults or sometimes due to underlying disease. Just as with other bones in the body, there are a various methods for repairing the mandible.
Ludwig's Angina is an infective condition of the floar of mouth above and below the mylohyoid muscle. Tongue is raised, mouth remains open and there may be compromised airway and require tracheostomy. Treatment is medical in the form of antibioticsand pain killers and surgical in the form of incision and drainage.
Dr. Ahmed M. Adawy, Professor Emeritus, Dep. Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. Former Dean, Faculty of Dental Medicine
Al-Azhar University. The Pathogenesis of infection in oro-facial region due to odontogenic origin is a common clinical issue. bacterial invasion to deeper tissues usually a spread from diseased dental pulp. Recent evidences indicated a multi-microbial nature. The spread of infection is governed by the thickness of the investing bone and the anatomical relation of the tooth root to the attached muscle. Infection could spread from one facial space to another, and the condition may be aggravated to life threatening situations.
ODONTOGENIC MYXOMA :
Benign mesenchymal lesion that mimics microscopically the dental pulp or follicular connective tissue
Derived from odontogenic ectomesenchymeClinical feature:
Age : 10- 50 yrs with mean age of 30 yrs
No gender predilection
Both mandible and maxilla are equally effectedClinical feature:
Age : 10- 50 yrs with mean age of 30 yrs
No gender predilection
Both mandible and maxilla are equally effectedClinical feature:
Age : 10- 50 yrs with mean age of 30 yrs
No gender predilection
Both mandible and maxilla are equally effected
Radiographic feature :
Radiolucent and it appear as a well circumscribed or diffuse lesion
Often multilocular with honey comb pattern
Cortical plate expansion, root displacement or resorption may be seen Histopathology :
Tumor consist of acellular myxomatous connective tissue.
Benign fibroblast and myofibroblast with some amount of collagen are found in matrix
Bony island representing residual tubeculae
Capillaries are scattered through out the lesion
Diseases of maxillary sinus /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian d...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Endodontic implications of maxillary sinus/prosthodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
this presentaion has covered all the aspects of maxillary sinus starting from surgical anatomy to various surgical procedures from the view of oral and maxillofacial surgeon an is very helpful for post graduates especially.
Slides prepared and compiled by highly experienced otolarngologist Dr. Krishna Koirala from Nepal , for teaching undergraduate and postgraduate ENT students in the field of otorhinolaryngology.
A clear and concise explanation of the basic concepts in the subject matter concerned.
He is the Head of department with a sound knowledge in the field of ENT to teach both undergraduate and postgraduate ENT students
Tooth extraction is a common practice for the oral surgeons. As a post extraction complication, formation of a communication between oral cavity & maxillary sinus through the socket of alveolar bone during extraction of maxillary premolars & molars, which is known as oroantral fistula is also a common phenomenon. If it can’t be early diagnosed & treated, chronic sinusitis of maxillary sinus may occur which is a very painful condition of cranium.
Mastoiditis - inflammation of mastoid boneNehaNupur8
an infection that affect the mastoid bone, located behind the ear.
this sideshare contained detailed information about the definition,causes and risk factor, pathophiology, management both medical and nursing management
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
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Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
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These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
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3. Discuss the significance of dead space
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5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
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Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
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Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
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Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
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2. Outline
• Anatomy of the Maxillary Sinus
• Physiology of the Maxillary Sinus
• Clinical Examination of the Maxillary Sinus
• Radiographic Examination of the Maxillary Sinus
• Non-Odontogenic Infections of the Maxillary Sinus
• Odontogenic Infections of the Maxillary Sinus
• Treatment of Maxillary Sinus Infections
• Management of Complications involving the Maxillary Sinus in oral Surgery
• References
3. Anatomy ofThe Maxillary Sinus
• Air-containing spaces. Antrum of Highmore.
• Four-Sided Pyramid:
• Base: Lateral NasalWall
• Apex: Extends Laterally toThe Zygomatic Process
• Roof: Floor of the orbit
• Anterior and Laterally: First Bicuspid or molar.
• Posterior Wall: Length of the maxilla
• 34 mm (AP) * 33 mm (H) * 23 mm (W).Volume = 15 to 20 mL
• Schneiderian Membrane
4.
5. Physiology of Maxillary Sinus
• Reduction of skull weight
• Air Conditioning
• Resonance of voice
• Heat Insulation
• Humidification of inspired air
• ShockAbsorption (Eye)
11. Non-Odontogenic Infections of the Maxillary Sinus
• Sinusitis
• Acute: Rapid Development of a sense of pressure, pain, fullness, may be
accompanied by facial swelling and erythema, malaise, fever, and drainage of foul-
smelling mucopurulent material into the nasal cavity
• Chronic: low grade and recurrent bacterial or fungal infections, obstructive nasal
disease, or allergy
• Characterized by episodes of sinus disease that respond initially to treatment, only
to return, or that remain symptomatic in spite of treatment.
• Aerobic vs. Anaerobic
12. Odontogenic Infections of the Maxillary Sinus
• 10-12% of all cases
• Acute and chronic periapical diseases and periodontal diseases.
• Trauma to the dentition
• Surgery in the posterior maxilla; removal of teeth, alveolectomy, tuberosity
reduction, sinus lift grafting and implant placement.
• Other procedures that create communication between the oral cavity and the
maxillary sinus.
• Aerobic vs. Anaerobic
17. Treatment of Sinus Infection
• Surgical:
• FESS: Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
18. Management of Oro-Antral Communication
• ImmediateTreatment:
• Identification
• X-Ray
• BlowTest! NEVER
• Management
19. How to identify an Oro-Antral
Communication while extraction of
teeth?
20. Management of Oro-Antral Communication
• If the opening to the sinus is small and the sinus is disease free. Sutures are placed to
reposition soft tissue, and a gauze pack is placed over the surgical site for 1 to 2 hours.
• If larger than 2 mm opening:
• Buccal Advancement Flap
• Palatal Rotational Flap
• Metal Foil [Not Recommended]
• Buccal Fat Pad Flap
• Interpositional Flaps
24. Sinus Instructions
• USUAL Extraction instructions +
• Opening the mouth while sneezing
• Not sucking on a straw or cigarettes
• Avoiding nose blowing and any other situation that may produce pressure
changes between the nasal passages and oral cavity.
• The patient is placed on an antibiotic, Anti-Histamine and Decongestants for 2
weeks
• Rhinitis Medacementosa
25. References
• Contemporary - Chapter 20: Odontogenic Infections of the Maxillary Sinus
• Peterson’s – Chapter 16: Sinus Infections
