The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The orbit is a pyramid-shaped cavity located in the skull that houses the eye and surrounding structures. It is formed by seven bones and contains the eyeball, extraocular muscles, blood vessels, nerves and other tissues. The orbit communicates with surrounding areas through several openings that transmit nerves and vessels between the orbit and other craniofacial regions. The complex anatomy of the orbit allows for movement of the eye while protecting its delicate contents.
This document provides an overview of the anatomy and embryology of the maxillary sinus. It describes the maxillary sinus's location in the maxilla and communication with the nasal cavity. It details the sinus's development beginning in the embryo and continuing postnatally, as well as common anatomical variations. Finally, it discusses functions of the sinus, maxillary sinusitis including causes and treatment approaches, and other related topics like drainage and vascularization.
Csf rhinorrhea repair- case report and discussionENT Resident
this topic deals with a case report of CSF rhinorrhea and the discussion part deals with its various types, usefulness of imaging and various tests in the diagnosis and the various treatment options. it was presented in Pakistan,Lahore at a ENT regional conference.
This document discusses cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea, which is the leakage of CSF through the nose. It outlines the anatomy and physiology related to CSF, various causes of CSF leaks, clinical signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests including beta-2 transferrin and imaging, and management approaches including conservative treatment and surgical repair via an endoscopic or external approach. Surgical repair involves identifying and closing the defect using grafts such as fat, cartilage, or fascia and postoperative care including packing and bed rest is emphasized.
surgical anatomy of nose is a humble attempt to make the anatomy of nose simpler and easy for medical students and fellow physicians. at the end of the presentation the students will be able to identify all the structures.
The Middle Third Of The Facial Skeleton Is Defined As An Area Bounded,
Superiorly –Line Drawn Across The skull from the Zygomatico frontal Suture across the Frontonasal & Frontomaxillary sutures to the Zygomaticofrontal suture on the opposite side
Inferiorly –by the occlusal plane of the upper teeth./upper alveolar ridge.
Posteriorly-The region is demarcated by the sphenoethmoidal junction but includes the free margin of the pterygoid laminae of the sphenoid bone inferiorly.
Inferiorly –by the occlusal plane of the upper teeth./upper alveolar ridge.
Posteriorly-The region is demarcated by the sphenoethmoidal junction but includes the free margin of the pterygoid laminae of the sphenoid bone inferiorly.
It is made up of the following bones:
1. Two maxillae
2. Tw o palatine bones
3. Two zygomatic bones and their temporal processes
4. Two zygomatic processes of the temporal bone
5. Two nasal bones
this presentation describes about each bone individually and its applied anatomy
This document provides an overview of various osteotomy approaches for accessing lesions in the skull base and neck. It discusses the history, classification, advantages, and disadvantages of different osteotomies. Key approaches mentioned include fronto-nasal-orbital osteotomy, Lefort I osteotomy, zygomatic osteotomy, and mandibulotomy. The document emphasizes that the choice of osteotomy depends on factors like the location and extent of the lesion as well as involvement of surrounding structures. Modifications to standard approaches are also described to optimize exposure and resection of different pathologies.
Detailed description of diagnosis and management of maxillofacial and neck space infections. Discussion of anatomy of the spaces is also done in details. Drainage of such spaces are also discussed. Medical management is also discussed. Complications are also discussed.
The orbit is a pyramid-shaped cavity located in the skull that houses the eye and surrounding structures. It is formed by seven bones and contains the eyeball, extraocular muscles, blood vessels, nerves and other tissues. The orbit communicates with surrounding areas through several openings that transmit nerves and vessels between the orbit and other craniofacial regions. The complex anatomy of the orbit allows for movement of the eye while protecting its delicate contents.
This document provides an overview of the anatomy and embryology of the maxillary sinus. It describes the maxillary sinus's location in the maxilla and communication with the nasal cavity. It details the sinus's development beginning in the embryo and continuing postnatally, as well as common anatomical variations. Finally, it discusses functions of the sinus, maxillary sinusitis including causes and treatment approaches, and other related topics like drainage and vascularization.
Csf rhinorrhea repair- case report and discussionENT Resident
this topic deals with a case report of CSF rhinorrhea and the discussion part deals with its various types, usefulness of imaging and various tests in the diagnosis and the various treatment options. it was presented in Pakistan,Lahore at a ENT regional conference.
This document discusses cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea, which is the leakage of CSF through the nose. It outlines the anatomy and physiology related to CSF, various causes of CSF leaks, clinical signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests including beta-2 transferrin and imaging, and management approaches including conservative treatment and surgical repair via an endoscopic or external approach. Surgical repair involves identifying and closing the defect using grafts such as fat, cartilage, or fascia and postoperative care including packing and bed rest is emphasized.
surgical anatomy of nose is a humble attempt to make the anatomy of nose simpler and easy for medical students and fellow physicians. at the end of the presentation the students will be able to identify all the structures.
The Middle Third Of The Facial Skeleton Is Defined As An Area Bounded,
Superiorly –Line Drawn Across The skull from the Zygomatico frontal Suture across the Frontonasal & Frontomaxillary sutures to the Zygomaticofrontal suture on the opposite side
Inferiorly –by the occlusal plane of the upper teeth./upper alveolar ridge.
Posteriorly-The region is demarcated by the sphenoethmoidal junction but includes the free margin of the pterygoid laminae of the sphenoid bone inferiorly.
Inferiorly –by the occlusal plane of the upper teeth./upper alveolar ridge.
Posteriorly-The region is demarcated by the sphenoethmoidal junction but includes the free margin of the pterygoid laminae of the sphenoid bone inferiorly.
It is made up of the following bones:
1. Two maxillae
2. Tw o palatine bones
3. Two zygomatic bones and their temporal processes
4. Two zygomatic processes of the temporal bone
5. Two nasal bones
this presentation describes about each bone individually and its applied anatomy
This document provides an overview of various osteotomy approaches for accessing lesions in the skull base and neck. It discusses the history, classification, advantages, and disadvantages of different osteotomies. Key approaches mentioned include fronto-nasal-orbital osteotomy, Lefort I osteotomy, zygomatic osteotomy, and mandibulotomy. The document emphasizes that the choice of osteotomy depends on factors like the location and extent of the lesion as well as involvement of surrounding structures. Modifications to standard approaches are also described to optimize exposure and resection of different pathologies.
Detailed description of diagnosis and management of maxillofacial and neck space infections. Discussion of anatomy of the spaces is also done in details. Drainage of such spaces are also discussed. Medical management is also discussed. Complications are also discussed.
Dr. Ahmed M. Adawy, Professor Emeritus, Dep. Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. Former Dean, Faculty of Dental Medicine
Al-Azhar University. There are four pairs of air sinuses making the boundaries of the nasal cavity. Maxillary sinus is the largest air cell. Anatomy and physiology of the maxillary sinus are given. Maxillary sinusitis is an inflammation of the sinus. Odontogenic causes represent nearly 30% of the etiology. Clinical and radiographic examinations are discussed together with treatment plan.
Oro-antral fistula is a rare complication of surgery at the posterior maxillary region. Several techniques for closure are presented. Additionally, information about sinus lift procedure is given.
The document discusses the external carotid artery, its branches, and ligation. It begins with an introduction and overview of the embryological development of the external carotid artery. It then describes the common carotid arteries and their course in the neck. It discusses the bifurcation of the common carotid artery and structures located there - the carotid sinus and carotid body. The external carotid artery is then described in detail, including its course, branches, and relations. The branches discussed include the superior thyroid, lingual, facial, occipital, posterior auricular, ascending pharyngeal, maxillary, and superficial temporal arteries. Indications for ligation and surgical approaches are provided at the end.
This document provides an overview of the anatomy and surgical procedures related to the maxillary sinus. It begins with the development, anatomy, functions, relations, and applied anatomy of the maxillary sinus. It then discusses diseases that can involve the sinus, including sinusitis, infections, tumors, and oroantral fistulas. Finally, it reviews surgical procedures such as Caldwell-Luc operation, functional endoscopic sinus surgery, sinus lifts, and treatments for maxillary sinus fractures and displaced teeth. In summary, the document is a comprehensive review of the maxillary sinus from an anatomical and surgical perspective.
Oroantral communication is an unnatural connection between the oral cavity and the maxillary sinus. It is commonly caused by tooth extraction in the upper molar or premolar region. If the opening is less than 2mm, it may close on its own with clot formation and sinus precautions. Larger openings require surgical closure using local soft tissue flaps like buccal or palatal flaps. An oroantral fistula occurs when the opening fails to close spontaneously and becomes epithelialized. Chronic fistulas require more extensive treatment like flap procedures and sometimes bone grafting to achieve closure.
This document provides an overview of the trigeminal nerve (CN V), which is the largest of the cranial nerves and contains both sensory and motor fibers. It has three major divisions - ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular. The trigeminal ganglion contains the cell bodies of the pseudounipolar sensory neurons. The nerve has sensory and motor nuclei in the brainstem and connects to various ganglia. The three divisions and their branches innervate different regions of the face and head. Clinical implications of lesions or damage to parts of the trigeminal nerve are also discussed.
The maxillary sinus is an air-filled pyramidal cavity within the body of the maxilla. It develops from evaginations of the nasal cavity epithelium beginning around 12 weeks of gestation. The sinus is lined by ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium and contains seromucous glands. Mucociliary flow helps clear secretions from the sinus into the nasal cavity. Clinical considerations involving the maxillary sinus include developmental anomalies, infections, orofacial fistulas involving tooth extraction, and malignant lesions such as various carcinomas.
This document discusses various surgical approaches to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). It begins by outlining important anatomical structures in the region, including nerves, arteries and layers of fascia. It then describes several common approaches - preauricular, endaural, postauricular, submandibular, retromandibular and intraoral. For each approach, it provides details on the surgical technique, indications, advantages and disadvantages. References are also provided at the end for further reading on the surgical anatomy of the cervical and mandibular distributions of the facial nerve.
This document discusses various methods of assessing difficulty for removal of impacted mandibular third molars based on panoramic radiographs. It describes several classification systems:
- Winter's classification which evaluates angulation.
- Assessment of height of the mandible, angulation of the second molar, root shape and development, follicle size, and path of tooth exit. Scores are assigned in each category.
- WHARFE assessment combines the features assessed above into a single score to determine overall difficulty.
However, the document notes that radiographs only provide limited information and may not capture the full range of variations encountered. The actual difficulty during surgery may differ from radiographic assessments. Surgeons should not
The document describes the submandibular and retromandibular surgical approaches. The submandibular approach involves making a 1.5-2 cm incision inferior to the mandible and dissecting through the layers of the skin, subcutaneous tissue, platysma muscle, and pterygomasseteric sling. The retromandibular approach uses a vertical incision 2 cm posterior to the mandibular ramus and dissects through the same layers to the pterygomasseteric sling. Both approaches give access below the mandible for surgical procedures.
This document provides an overview of temporomandibular joint ankylosis. It begins with definitions and historical perspectives on the condition. It then discusses the etiology, pathogenesis, classifications, anatomy, and treatment approaches for TMJ ankylosis. Key points include that ankylosis involves pathologic changes that limit jaw movement, common causes are trauma, infection, inflammation, and it can be classified as true/false, complete/partial, and bony/fibrous. The document provides detailed anatomy of the TMJ and surrounding structures to inform surgical treatment approaches.
Mid facial fractures and their managementRuhi Kashmiri
The document discusses midfacial fractures, including the causes, anatomy, classifications, and management. It describes the LeFort fracture classifications (I, II, III), which involve horizontal fractures of the midface. LeFort I fractures are low-level fractures, while LeFort III fractures are the most severe, involving separation of the midface from the cranial base. Clinical findings, radiographic imaging, and treatment methods such as manual reduction or open reduction are reviewed for managing different types of midfacial fractures.
Access osteotomies in oral & cranio-maxillofacial surgeryDr Rayan Malick
This document discusses various surgical approaches and osteotomies for accessing lesions in the skull base and deep neck spaces. It begins with an introduction and history of access osteotomy. It then discusses the indications, classifications, advantages/disadvantages of different approaches like Lefort I/II osteotomies, zygomatic osteotomies, and transpalatal approaches. Specific approaches like fronto-orbitozygomatic and transnaso-orbitomaxillary are also summarized. The goal of these osteotomies is to provide direct surgical access while minimizing trauma.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses surgical approaches for treating mandibular condylar fractures. It describes several transcutaneous approaches like pre-auricular, retromandibular, and submandibular as well as intraoral endoscopic approaches. The preauricular approach involves making incisions above and below the tragus to expose the condylar head and neck. The retromandibular approach requires an incision behind the ramus to dissect through the parotid gland and expose the condylar neck. Selection of the best surgical approach depends on factors like the fracture level, existing lacerations, need for exposure, and risk of complications.
Velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) is the inability to achieve closure of the velopharyngeal port during speech, commonly caused by cleft palate or other structural abnormalities. Signs include hypernasality, nasal emission, and imprecise consonant production. Treatment options include speech therapy, prosthetics like palatal lifts, and surgery like pharyngeal flaps or sphincter pharyngoplasty to improve closure of the airway during speech. Surgical complications can include bleeding, airway obstruction, or sleep apnea requiring revision in some cases.
This document discusses the anatomy, classification, etiology, clinical features, and management of mid-face fractures. It begins with an overview of the bones that make up the mid-face region. It then covers the Le Fort fracture classification system and describes the clinical features of Le Fort I, II, and III fractures. The document concludes with a discussion of treatment approaches for mid-face fractures including closed and open reduction as well as various fixation techniques.
Cavernous sinus thrombosis is a blood clot that forms within the cavernous sinus, a vein at the base of the brain. It typically results from a nearby infection spreading through tributary veins. Common symptoms include eye swelling, pain, and cranial nerve palsies affecting eye movement and sensation. Treatment involves high dose intravenous antibiotics targeting likely pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus, anticoagulants to prevent clot growth, and corticosteroids to reduce inflammation. Draining the primary infection site is also important once the patient is stabilized. Without timely treatment, cavernous sinus thrombosis can cause permanent vision loss or be life-threatening.
Maxillary sinus disorders can be inflammatory, cystic, traumatic, or tumorous in nature. Common inflammatory disorders include sinusitis, mucositis, antral polyps, and antroliths. Sinusitis can be acute, subacute, or chronic depending on duration. Chronic sinusitis may develop from acute sinusitis that fails to resolve. Fungal sinusitis can occur in immunocompromised individuals. Traumatic disorders include oroantral fistulas resulting from tooth extractions or facial trauma. Precise diagnosis involves medical history, clinical examination, and radiographic imaging such as panoramic x-rays or CT scans. Treatment depends on the specific disorder but may include antibiotics, surgery, or antral irrigation
Dr. Ahmed M. Adawy, Professor Emeritus, Dep. Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. Former Dean, Faculty of Dental Medicine
Al-Azhar University. There are four pairs of air sinuses making the boundaries of the nasal cavity. Maxillary sinus is the largest air cell. Anatomy and physiology of the maxillary sinus are given. Maxillary sinusitis is an inflammation of the sinus. Odontogenic causes represent nearly 30% of the etiology. Clinical and radiographic examinations are discussed together with treatment plan.
Oro-antral fistula is a rare complication of surgery at the posterior maxillary region. Several techniques for closure are presented. Additionally, information about sinus lift procedure is given.
The document discusses the external carotid artery, its branches, and ligation. It begins with an introduction and overview of the embryological development of the external carotid artery. It then describes the common carotid arteries and their course in the neck. It discusses the bifurcation of the common carotid artery and structures located there - the carotid sinus and carotid body. The external carotid artery is then described in detail, including its course, branches, and relations. The branches discussed include the superior thyroid, lingual, facial, occipital, posterior auricular, ascending pharyngeal, maxillary, and superficial temporal arteries. Indications for ligation and surgical approaches are provided at the end.
This document provides an overview of the anatomy and surgical procedures related to the maxillary sinus. It begins with the development, anatomy, functions, relations, and applied anatomy of the maxillary sinus. It then discusses diseases that can involve the sinus, including sinusitis, infections, tumors, and oroantral fistulas. Finally, it reviews surgical procedures such as Caldwell-Luc operation, functional endoscopic sinus surgery, sinus lifts, and treatments for maxillary sinus fractures and displaced teeth. In summary, the document is a comprehensive review of the maxillary sinus from an anatomical and surgical perspective.
Oroantral communication is an unnatural connection between the oral cavity and the maxillary sinus. It is commonly caused by tooth extraction in the upper molar or premolar region. If the opening is less than 2mm, it may close on its own with clot formation and sinus precautions. Larger openings require surgical closure using local soft tissue flaps like buccal or palatal flaps. An oroantral fistula occurs when the opening fails to close spontaneously and becomes epithelialized. Chronic fistulas require more extensive treatment like flap procedures and sometimes bone grafting to achieve closure.
This document provides an overview of the trigeminal nerve (CN V), which is the largest of the cranial nerves and contains both sensory and motor fibers. It has three major divisions - ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular. The trigeminal ganglion contains the cell bodies of the pseudounipolar sensory neurons. The nerve has sensory and motor nuclei in the brainstem and connects to various ganglia. The three divisions and their branches innervate different regions of the face and head. Clinical implications of lesions or damage to parts of the trigeminal nerve are also discussed.
The maxillary sinus is an air-filled pyramidal cavity within the body of the maxilla. It develops from evaginations of the nasal cavity epithelium beginning around 12 weeks of gestation. The sinus is lined by ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium and contains seromucous glands. Mucociliary flow helps clear secretions from the sinus into the nasal cavity. Clinical considerations involving the maxillary sinus include developmental anomalies, infections, orofacial fistulas involving tooth extraction, and malignant lesions such as various carcinomas.
This document discusses various surgical approaches to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). It begins by outlining important anatomical structures in the region, including nerves, arteries and layers of fascia. It then describes several common approaches - preauricular, endaural, postauricular, submandibular, retromandibular and intraoral. For each approach, it provides details on the surgical technique, indications, advantages and disadvantages. References are also provided at the end for further reading on the surgical anatomy of the cervical and mandibular distributions of the facial nerve.
This document discusses various methods of assessing difficulty for removal of impacted mandibular third molars based on panoramic radiographs. It describes several classification systems:
- Winter's classification which evaluates angulation.
- Assessment of height of the mandible, angulation of the second molar, root shape and development, follicle size, and path of tooth exit. Scores are assigned in each category.
- WHARFE assessment combines the features assessed above into a single score to determine overall difficulty.
However, the document notes that radiographs only provide limited information and may not capture the full range of variations encountered. The actual difficulty during surgery may differ from radiographic assessments. Surgeons should not
The document describes the submandibular and retromandibular surgical approaches. The submandibular approach involves making a 1.5-2 cm incision inferior to the mandible and dissecting through the layers of the skin, subcutaneous tissue, platysma muscle, and pterygomasseteric sling. The retromandibular approach uses a vertical incision 2 cm posterior to the mandibular ramus and dissects through the same layers to the pterygomasseteric sling. Both approaches give access below the mandible for surgical procedures.
This document provides an overview of temporomandibular joint ankylosis. It begins with definitions and historical perspectives on the condition. It then discusses the etiology, pathogenesis, classifications, anatomy, and treatment approaches for TMJ ankylosis. Key points include that ankylosis involves pathologic changes that limit jaw movement, common causes are trauma, infection, inflammation, and it can be classified as true/false, complete/partial, and bony/fibrous. The document provides detailed anatomy of the TMJ and surrounding structures to inform surgical treatment approaches.
Mid facial fractures and their managementRuhi Kashmiri
The document discusses midfacial fractures, including the causes, anatomy, classifications, and management. It describes the LeFort fracture classifications (I, II, III), which involve horizontal fractures of the midface. LeFort I fractures are low-level fractures, while LeFort III fractures are the most severe, involving separation of the midface from the cranial base. Clinical findings, radiographic imaging, and treatment methods such as manual reduction or open reduction are reviewed for managing different types of midfacial fractures.
Access osteotomies in oral & cranio-maxillofacial surgeryDr Rayan Malick
This document discusses various surgical approaches and osteotomies for accessing lesions in the skull base and deep neck spaces. It begins with an introduction and history of access osteotomy. It then discusses the indications, classifications, advantages/disadvantages of different approaches like Lefort I/II osteotomies, zygomatic osteotomies, and transpalatal approaches. Specific approaches like fronto-orbitozygomatic and transnaso-orbitomaxillary are also summarized. The goal of these osteotomies is to provide direct surgical access while minimizing trauma.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses surgical approaches for treating mandibular condylar fractures. It describes several transcutaneous approaches like pre-auricular, retromandibular, and submandibular as well as intraoral endoscopic approaches. The preauricular approach involves making incisions above and below the tragus to expose the condylar head and neck. The retromandibular approach requires an incision behind the ramus to dissect through the parotid gland and expose the condylar neck. Selection of the best surgical approach depends on factors like the fracture level, existing lacerations, need for exposure, and risk of complications.
Velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) is the inability to achieve closure of the velopharyngeal port during speech, commonly caused by cleft palate or other structural abnormalities. Signs include hypernasality, nasal emission, and imprecise consonant production. Treatment options include speech therapy, prosthetics like palatal lifts, and surgery like pharyngeal flaps or sphincter pharyngoplasty to improve closure of the airway during speech. Surgical complications can include bleeding, airway obstruction, or sleep apnea requiring revision in some cases.
This document discusses the anatomy, classification, etiology, clinical features, and management of mid-face fractures. It begins with an overview of the bones that make up the mid-face region. It then covers the Le Fort fracture classification system and describes the clinical features of Le Fort I, II, and III fractures. The document concludes with a discussion of treatment approaches for mid-face fractures including closed and open reduction as well as various fixation techniques.
Cavernous sinus thrombosis is a blood clot that forms within the cavernous sinus, a vein at the base of the brain. It typically results from a nearby infection spreading through tributary veins. Common symptoms include eye swelling, pain, and cranial nerve palsies affecting eye movement and sensation. Treatment involves high dose intravenous antibiotics targeting likely pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus, anticoagulants to prevent clot growth, and corticosteroids to reduce inflammation. Draining the primary infection site is also important once the patient is stabilized. Without timely treatment, cavernous sinus thrombosis can cause permanent vision loss or be life-threatening.
Maxillary sinus disorders can be inflammatory, cystic, traumatic, or tumorous in nature. Common inflammatory disorders include sinusitis, mucositis, antral polyps, and antroliths. Sinusitis can be acute, subacute, or chronic depending on duration. Chronic sinusitis may develop from acute sinusitis that fails to resolve. Fungal sinusitis can occur in immunocompromised individuals. Traumatic disorders include oroantral fistulas resulting from tooth extractions or facial trauma. Precise diagnosis involves medical history, clinical examination, and radiographic imaging such as panoramic x-rays or CT scans. Treatment depends on the specific disorder but may include antibiotics, surgery, or antral irrigation
PATHOLOGIES OF MAXILLARY SINUS- Part III / oral surgery courses Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Maxillary sinus is the largest of the paranasal sinuses. It develops from a shallow groove in the maxilla and reaches its maximum size by age 18. It has multiple walls and communicates with the nasal cavity via the osteum. Maxillary sinusitis can result from dental issues like periapical abscesses, cysts, foreign bodies or trauma. Odontogenic tumors and cysts can also involve the maxillary sinus. Care must be taken during dental procedures near the maxillary sinus to prevent oroantral communications.
Differiential diagnosis of maxillary sinus pathologyShiji Antony
This document discusses pathology of the maxillary sinus, including classification, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, radiological features, diagnosis, and treatment of various conditions. It covers inflammatory diseases like acute and chronic sinusitis, mucositis, and antral polyps. It also discusses cysts, neoplasms, developmental disorders, traumatic injuries, and complications of maxillary sinus pathology. Differential diagnosis of maxillary sinus conditions is based on clinical history and examination findings, as well as radiological imaging like radiographs, CT scans.
This document provides information about the maxillary air sinus (antrum). It discusses the embryology, anatomy, functions, clinical importance and diseases of the maxillary sinus. The maxillary sinus begins developing in the fourth month of gestation and reaches adult size by age 18. It is pyramidal in shape with thin walls. Diseases discussed include acute and chronic sinusitis, polyps, cysts and tumors. Surgical procedures for treating maxillary sinus diseases like antral lavage and Caldwell-Luc operation are also summarized.
The document discusses the anatomy, physiology, and clinical aspects of the maxillary sinus. Key points include:
- The maxillary sinus is the largest paranasal sinus located within the maxilla. It communicates with the nasal cavity and has a volume of 15-30ml in adults.
- Infections of the maxillary sinus can be odontogenic (caused by dental infections), acute or chronic maxillary sinusitis. Symptoms include pain, nasal congestion, and purulent drainage.
- Oroantral communications and fistulas can form between the oral cavity and maxillary sinus due to tooth extractions or other trauma/surgery. They may cause pain, nasal discharge,
The document provides an overview of the maxillary sinus, including its:
1) Definition as the largest air-containing cavity in the maxilla that opens into the nasal cavity.
2) Anatomy as a four-sided pyramid with walls related to surrounding structures like the facial surface of the maxilla.
3) Functions such as warming inhaled air and enhancing facial growth.
It discusses the sinus's histology, blood supply, drainage through the ostium into the nasal cavity, relationships to nearby teeth, and clinical considerations regarding infections.
Maxillary sinusitis of odontogenic origin can be acute or chronic and results from dental infections or procedures that allow bacteria to enter the maxillary sinus. For acute sinusitis, symptoms include pain, swelling and nasal congestion. Treatment involves antibiotics, drainage if needed, and extracting the infected tooth. Chronic sinusitis may require long-term antibiotic treatment and surgery to address the dental source of infection and open sinus drainage. Surgical procedures like the Caldwell-Luc involve removing the antral lining and creating new drainage to the nose.
What is Oroantral communication?
This is a common complication, which may occur during an attempt to extract the maxillary posterior teeth or roots. It is identified easily by the dentist, because the periapical curette enters to a greater depth than normal during debridement of the alveolus, which is explained by its entering the sinus.
This document discusses oroantral communications and fistulas. It defines them as abnormal connections between the oral and maxillary sinus cavities. Causes include tooth extraction, tumors, cysts, and trauma. Signs and symptoms may include unpleasant taste/odor, fluid/food reflux into the nose, and air leakage. Examination involves inspection, suctioning the socket, and radiographs. Management includes immediate closure attempts and antibiotics to prevent sinusitis. Surgical techniques like buccal and palatal flaps are used for larger defects or fistulas based on factors like location, size, and presence of infection.
1) The document discusses diseases of the paranasal sinuses, focusing on sinusitis which is the inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the sinuses.
2) Sinusitis can be acute or chronic and involves inflammation of the maxillary, ethmoidal, frontal, or sphenoid sinuses.
3) Sinusitis is usually caused by infection spreading from the nasal cavity or upper teeth, but may also be due to immunodeficiency, anatomical abnormalities blocking sinus drainage, or changes in sinus secret quality.
Ten commandments of Revision mastoid surgery prepared by Dr. Prahlada N.B is a presentation explaining indications for revision mastoid surgery, reasons for recurrence, hurdles for surgery, pre-operative evaluation required, landmarks for revision surgery and flight plan for revision surgery.
The document discusses congenital lesions of the larynx that can occur during development. It describes how the larynx forms from the pharyngeal region between 4-10 weeks of gestation. Common congenital lesions include laryngomalacia (60%), vocal cord paralysis (20%), and subglottic stenosis (15%). Supraglottic lesions include laryngomalacia, laryngocoele, and cysts. Glottic lesions comprise vocal cord palsy, webs, and stenosis. Subglottic abnormalities are stenosis, hemangioma, and webs. Clinical features, diagnosis, and management are outlined for each condition. Flexible laryngoscopy is important for diagnosis while treatment
Achalasia cardia is a primary esophageal motility disorder caused by loss of inhibitory ganglionic cells in the myentric plexus, resulting in failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax during swallowing. This leads to dilatation of the esophagus above the sphincter and difficulty swallowing (dysphagia). Common symptoms include dysphagia that is worse for liquids, regurgitation, chest pain, weight loss and recurrent pneumonia. Diagnosis is confirmed by barium swallow showing a dilated esophagus and absence of peristalsis on manometry. Treatment options include surgical cardiomyotomy to cut the sphincter muscles, pneumatic balloon dilation, or injection of
The document discusses the paranasal sinuses, including their location, functions, and divisions. It describes the frontal, ethmoidal, maxillary, and sphenoidal sinuses and provides details on their shapes, locations, relations and communications. The document also covers the osteomeatal complex, sinusitis causes, clinical features, investigations, and surgical and medical treatments for sinusitis. Complications of sinusitis are also mentioned.
Achalasia cardia is a primary esophageal motility disorder caused by degeneration of nerves in the esophagus. It is characterized by failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax and dilatation of the lower two-thirds of the esophagus. The main symptom is retrosternal or epigastric fullness after meals. Diagnosis involves barium swallow x-ray showing dilated esophagus and manometry showing high lower esophageal sphincter pressure. Treatment options include medications to relax the sphincter, balloon dilatation, botulinum toxin injections, or modified Heller's surgery to cut the sphincter.
Odontogenic Diseases of the Maxillary SinusHadi Munib
The document discusses odontogenic diseases of the maxillary sinus. It begins with an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the maxillary sinus, including its size, location within the skull, and role in air conditioning and voice resonance. The document then covers clinical and radiographic examination of the sinus. It distinguishes between non-odontogenic infections like sinusitis, and odontogenic infections which can arise from dental issues. The document outlines treatment for maxillary sinus infections, both non-surgical and surgical options. It also discusses management of complications like oro-antral communications that involve surgical repair or closure.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Endodontic implications of maxillary sinus/prosthodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Tooth extraction is a common practice for the oral surgeons. As a post extraction complication, formation of a communication between oral cavity & maxillary sinus through the socket of alveolar bone during extraction of maxillary premolars & molars, which is known as oroantral fistula is also a common phenomenon. If it can’t be early diagnosed & treated, chronic sinusitis of maxillary sinus may occur which is a very painful condition of cranium.
1) Maxillofacial surgery involves procedures on the head, neck, face and jaws to correct congenital deformities, injuries, tumors, or for cosmetic reasons.
2) Anesthesia for maxillofacial surgery presents several challenges including a shared airway, risk of difficult intubation, significant blood loss, and hemodynamic changes.
3) Careful preoperative evaluation and planning is important to optimize the patient's condition and anticipate any airway issues. Induced hypotension during surgery can help reduce blood loss.
1) Rhinoplasty, or nose surgery, is a cosmetic procedure used to reshape the nose. It involves altering the bone and cartilage structures to change the shape and appearance of the nose.
2) A thorough clinical examination is required to properly assess the nasal deformities and plan the surgical approach. Photographs are also taken to document the pre-operative appearance.
3) The surgery involves making incisions to access and alter the nasal structures. Common procedures include reducing a hump, narrowing the nasal tip, changing the angle between the nose and upper lip, and correcting breathing problems by modifying the nasal septum.
Osteomyelitis/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academyIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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Non odontogenic cysts-vi / dental implant courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Slides prepared and compiled by highly experienced otolarngologist Dr. Krishna Koirala from Nepal , for teaching undergraduate and postgraduate ENT students in the field of otorhinolaryngology.
A clear and concise explanation of the basic concepts in the subject matter concerned.
He is the Head of department with a sound knowledge in the field of ENT to teach both undergraduate and postgraduate ENT students
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The document discusses several diseases and disorders of the nasal septum. It covers fractures of the nasal septum, deviated nasal septum, septal hematoma, septal abscess, perforations of the nasal septum, and nasal synechia. The causes, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment are described for each condition in detail over multiple paragraphs.
Maxillofacial trauma evaluation and management (nx power lite) /certified fix...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Maxillofacial trauma /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental a...Indian dental academy
This document provides an overview of maxillofacial trauma readiness training for dental officers. It covers evaluation and management of maxillofacial injuries in four phases: emergency care, early care, definitive care, and secondary care. Key points of emergency care include airway management, hemorrhage control, shock treatment, and C-spine stabilization. Early care involves initial fracture stabilization, debridement, diagnosis through imaging and examination. Definitive care consists of treating soft tissue injuries and fractures like mandibular and midface fractures through open or closed reduction methods. Midface fractures include Lefort I, II, III patterns. Nasal-orbital-ethmoid fractures often involve multiple midface structures.
This document summarizes information about choanal atresia, which is a birth defect involving an absence of the opening between the nose and throat. It discusses the causes, signs and symptoms, diagnosis using tools like CT scans and endoscopy, and surgical treatment options like puncturing the atretic plate or removing it endoscopically. Stents are often used after surgery but their effectiveness in preventing restenosis is unclear.
Similar to Diseases of maxillary sinus /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy (20)
Opportunity for Dentists (BDS/MDS )to relocate to United kingdom -Register as a DENTAL HYGIENIST/ DENTAL THERAPIST without Board exams and after approval you can register in GDC as a DH/DT and start working as a DH/DT Immediately and get paid.
You can complete the whole process in 3-4 months.Salary range for DH/DT is around 2500-3500 Pounds per month.
Eligibility / requirements-
1. An International English Language Testing System (IELTS) certificate
at the appropriate level.(Within 2 yrs of application date )
2: A recent primary dental qualification that has been taught and examined in English..(Within 2 yrs of application date )
3: A recent pass in a language test for registration with a regulatory authority in a country where the first language is English.
If you are interested Please contact us for more details.
1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry,
Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
I –Aligners are made with FDA approved transparent thermoplastic materials using 3D scanning, 3D Printing and finally Trays with Pressure vacuum formers.
Dear Doctor,
Indian Dental Academy Now offers comprehensive online Orthodontics course.
Course includes:
1.whiteboard lecture presentations
2.Case Discussions
3.with hundreds of pictures.
4.Demo on Models
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6. subtitles in your own language
12 months unlimited access and support @350 USD only.
For Demo please visit :www.idalectures.com/preview/
For more details visit: www.idalectures.com
Please contact us for any clarifications:
idalectures@gmail.com
indiandentalacademy@gmail.com
Thanks & Regards
Indian Dental Academy
--
Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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Use of modified tooth forms in complete denture occlusion / dental implant...Indian dental academy
This document discusses dental occlusion concepts and philosophies for complete dentures. It introduces key terms like physiologic occlusion and defines different occlusion schemes like balanced articulation and monoplane articulation. The document discusses advantages and disadvantages of using anatomic versus non-anatomic teeth for complete dentures. It also outlines requirements for maintaining denture stability, such as balanced occlusal contacts and control of horizontal forces. The goal of occlusion for complete dentures is to re-establish the homeostasis of the masticatory system disrupted by edentulism.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses dental casting investment materials. It describes the three main types of investments - gypsum bonded, phosphate bonded, and ethyl silicate bonded investments. For gypsum bonded investments specifically, it details their classification, composition including the roles of gypsum, silica, and modifiers, setting time, normal and hygroscopic setting expansion, and thermal expansion. It provides information on how the properties of gypsum bonded investments are affected by their composition. The document serves as a comprehensive overview of dental casting investment materials.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
5. Surgical anatomy
• Base-Lateral wall of nose
• Apex – projects laterally into zygomatic
process of maxilla
• Roof – orbital floor
• Floor – alveolar process of maxilla which
supports premolars and molars
• Posterior wall – infra-temporal and pterygopalatine fossa
• Anterior wall – facial surface of maxilla
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7. Applied anatomy
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Relationship with root apices
Canine fossa / lateral wall of nose
Opening of maxillary sinus
Increased size with progression of ageincreased risk for OAC/OAF
Lining of sinus
Cracks/fractures of the bony walls
Periapical involvement
Pressure on nerves
Post-surgical paraesthesia of max. teeth
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Foreign bodies in the sinus
12. Maxillary sinusitis
• Etiology .
• Infection-periapical abscess
•
common cold
•
upper respiratory tract infections.
Trauma;# of antral floor or walls.
Oro antral communication and fistula.
Neoplasm's and infected cyst of odontogenic
origin
Foreign .body in the sinus I.e displaced tooth
or root.
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13. • Clinical features
• Throbbing pain aggravated by head
movement,bending down, coughing,sneezing
• Tenderness of the cheek,mild swelling of the
cheek.
• Uni lateral foul nasal dischage
• Posterior teeth tender on vertical percussion.
• Oro antral fistula signs and symptoms
• Examination of oro pharynx [middle meatus at the
sight of drainage]
• Generalized constitutionl symptoms fever, chills,
sweating, nausea, anorexia due to swallowed pus.
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14. Management
• Non surgical :
Antral regimen - bed rest ,plenty of fluids
maintenance of oral hygiene
Antibiotics
Anti inflammatory analgesics
nasal decongestants,
mucolytic agents
Tinc. Benzoin,camphor,Steam inhalation
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15. Surgical management
• Surgical drainage of pus and lavage of sinus
cavity
• Nasal antrostomy
• Caldwell-luc surgery
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16. Caldwell-luc surgery
George Caldwell in 1893 Henry luc in 1897
Indications :
•
removal of root, tooth or foreign bodies
from sinus
•
treatment of acute sinusitis resistant to
medical theraphy
• Mangement of chronic sinusitis wit
hyperplastic lining
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17. • Enucleation of odontogenic cyst, mucocele
tumor
• repair of fractures of the antrum
• Control of active hemorrhage following
trauma
• Lifting the floor of orbit in blow out
fractures
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19. Caldwell – Luc – surgical procedure
• Can be performed under LA/Sedation/GA
• Semilunar incision in buccal vestibule (canine to
second premolar)
• Mucoperiosteal flap raised
• Opening (antro-stomy) is made in anterior wall of
Max. Sinus using chisel/gouges/drill & enlarged
sufficiently using rongeurs
• Antral lining is curetted and antrum debrided and
irrigated
• Iodoform ribbon gauze/nasal antrostomy if
required
• Closure done with 3-0 silk
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20. Post-op management
•
•
•
•
Antibiotics, analgesics for 5 days
Pack removal on 5th day
Tincture benzoin inhalation TID
Otrivine nasal drops TID for not more than
3 or 4 days
• Patient not to blow the nose or sneeze
• Soft diet + no vigorous gargling
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