An organization is a social unit deliberately created to achieve specific goals within defined boundaries on an ongoing basis. It can be defined based on its function, purpose, ownership, size, and area. Key components include authority, span of control, chain of command, and hierarchy. Organization charts convey the activities, subdivisions, work, management levels, and lines of authority. Theories of organization include classical, behavioral, management science, systems, and various metaphors like machines, living systems, brains, political systems, and cultures. Effectiveness can be defined using goal attainment, system resource, constituency satisfaction, and internal process approaches.