The document discusses the concepts of organizing, including defining organizing as the process of arranging work, authority, and resources to achieve organizational goals. It covers principles of organization like unity of command and span of control, and different types of organizational structures such as functional, divisional, and matrix structures. The document also examines concepts related to organizing like responsibility, authority, and centralization versus decentralization.

1. ORGANIZING
Chapter Four

2. PART ONE: INTRODUCTION
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 1.1 Meaning of organization
POM/Chapter 4 - Organizing
 1.2 Process of Organization
 1.3 Principles of Organization
2

3. DEFINITION OF ORGANIZING
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 Activities:  Resources:
 Identification of  Determining the
POM/Chapter 4 - Organizing
activities
 Grouping of Activities
specific need of
 Assignment of jobs to resources
formal groups  Allocation of
 Establishing a network resources into
of authority and
responsibility specific groups
 Providing framework for  Evaluation and
measurement, evaluati control of use of
on and control
the resources 3

4. ORGANIZING
1/8/2012
Organizing is the process of
arranging and allocating
POM/Chapter 4 - Organizing
work, authority, and resources
among an organization’s
members so that they can
achieve organizational goal.
 Stoner, Freeman and Gilbert
4

5. PROCESS OF ORGANIZING
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 Division of Work
 Grouping of Work
POM/Chapter 4 - Organizing
 Delegation of Authority
 Coordination of Work
5

6. 1/8/2012 POM/Chapter 4 - Organizing
6
PROCESS OF ORGANIZING SIMPLIFIED

7. PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIZING
8.Exception
1/8/2012
1. Unity of Objective
2. Specialization
9.Efficiency
POM/Chapter 4 - Organizing
3. Coordination
4. Authority and 10.Balance
Responsibility
11.Homogeneity
5. Unity of Command
6. Scalar Chain 12.Continuity
7. Span of Control
13.Simplicity 7

8. PART TWO: ORGANIZATIONAL ARCHITECTURE
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 2.1 Vertical differentiation
 Tall versus Flat Structure
POM/Chapter 4 - Organizing
 2.2 Horizontal differentiation
Functional Structure
Multidivisional Structure
Geographic Structure
Matrix Structure
8

9. TALL VERSUS FLAT ORGANIZATIONS
Tall Organization
President
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Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company.
Flat Organization
President
6–9

10. ORGANIZATIONAL ARCHITECTURE -
VERTICAL INTEGRATION
1/8/2012
 Tall Organization:  Flat organization:
 This type of This type of
POM/Chapter 4 - Organizing
organizational organizational
architecture has architecture
many layers and
has few layers
narrow span of
control. and wide span
of control.
10

11. ESTABLISHING REPORTING RELATIONSHIPS:
TALL VERSUS FLAT ORGANIZATIONS
 Tall Organizations  Flat Organizations
 Are more expensive  Lead to higher levels of
employee morale and
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Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company.
because of the number
of managers involved. productivity.
 Foster more  Create more administrative
communication responsibility for the
problems because of relatively few managers.
the number of people  Create more supervisory
through whom responsibility for managers
information must pass. due to wider spans of
control.
6–11

12. ORGANIZATIONAL ARCHITECTURE – HORIZONTAL
DIFFERENTIATION
1. FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE:
1/8/2012
General Manager
POM/Chapter 4 - Organizing
Production Finance Marketing HR
Dept Dept Dept Deprtment
Structure is created based on the
various functions of an organization.
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13. ORGANIZATIONAL ARCHITECTURE – HORIZONTAL
DIFFERENTIATION
2. MULTI-DIVISION STRUCTURE
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General Manager
POM/Chapter 4 - Organizing
Division I Division II Division III
 Multiple divisions are created in a
related industry.
13

14. ORGANIZATIONAL ARCHITECTURE – HORIZONTAL
DIFFERENTIATION
 Divisional or M-form (Multidivisional) Design
 An organizational arrangement based on multiple
businesses in related areas operating within a larger
organizational framework; following a strategy of
related diversification.
 Activities are decentralized down to the divisional
level; others are centralized at the corporate level.
 The largest advantages of the M-form design are the
opportunities for coordination and sharing of
resources.

15. ORGANIZATIONAL ARCHITECTURE – HORIZONTAL
DIFFERENTIATION
3. GEOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE:
1/8/2012
General
POM/Chapter 4 - Organizing
Manager  Departments are
created based on
geographic regions.
 All the activities in one
Eastern Central Western geographic region is
Region Region Region categorized into one
unit.
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16. ORGANIZATIONAL ARCHITECTURE – HORIZONTAL
DIFFERENTIATION
4. MATRIX ORGANIZATION
CEO
Vice president, Vice president, Vice president, Vice president,
engineering production finance marketing
Employees
Project
manager A
Project
manager B
Project
manager C
6–16

17. MATRIX STRUCTURE:
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 Advantages:  Disadvantages:
 Enhances organizational  Employees are uncertain
POM/Chapter 4 - Organizing
flexibility. about reporting
 Team members have the relationships.
opportunity to learn new  The dynamics of group
skills. behavior may lead to
 Provides an efficient way for slower decision
the organization to use its making, one-person
human resources. domination, compromise
 Team members serve as decisions, or a loss of
bridges to their departments focus.
for the team.  More time may be required
for coordinating task- 17
related activities.

18. PART THREE: RESPONSIBILITY
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3.1 Meaning of Responsibility
POM/Chapter 4 - Organizing
3.2Establishing Task and
Reporting Relationships
3.3 Creating Accountability
18

19. RESPONSIBILITY:
1/8/2012
Responsibility is the
POM/Chapter 4 - Organizing
obligation to perform
or
duty to carryout certain
activities
19

20. ESTABLISHING TASK AND REPORTING
RELATIONSHIP:
1/8/2012
 Task Relationship:
 How activities related to each other in an
POM/Chapter 4 - Organizing
organization.
 How the basic units of an organization are
formed.
 Establishment of job description and job
specification
 Job Specification: Prerequisites of job. Various skills and
experiences needed to perform certain job.
 Job Description: The activities that have to be carried
out at certain position in a job. It describes the job.
20

21. ESTABLISHING TASK AND REPORTING
RELATIONSHIP:
1/8/2012
 Establishing Reporting Relationship:
 It is finding out
POM/Chapter 4 - Organizing
 Chain of command
 Span of control or span of management
1. Who reports to whom?
2. How many subordinates will a supervisor have?
(Relate it to tall vs flat organizational architecture.)
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22. CREATING ACCOUNTABILITY
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 Accountability:
 Requirement to report
POM/Chapter 4 - Organizing
22

23. PART FOUR: AUTHORITY
1/8/2012
POM/Chapter 4 - Organizing
4.1 Line and Staff Authority
4.2 Delegation of Authority
23

24. AUTHORITY:
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 Right to take decisions that arises due to
position in organizational structure.
POM/Chapter 4 - Organizing
 Authority is the right to perform or
command. It allows its holder to act in
certain designated ways and to directly
influence the actions of others through
orders.
 Types of Authority:
 Line Authority
 Staff Authority 24

25. LINE AUTHORITY
1/8/2012
The chain of command in the
organizational structure that flows
POM/Chapter 4 - Organizing
major decision making power.
The officially
sanctioned ability to issue orders t
o subordinate employees within
an organization.
25

26. STAFF AUTHORITY
1/8/2012
 Staff authority consists of the right to
advise or assist those who possess
POM/Chapter 4 - Organizing
line authority as well as other staff
personnel.
 The Advisory or Counseling
Role :
 The Service Role
26
 The Control Role

27. DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY
1/8/2012
Assigning work to subordinates
and giving them necessary
POM/Chapter 4 - Organizing
authority to do the assigned work
effectively.
Simple terms,
GRANTING AUTHORITY TO SUBORDINATES
27

28. FEATURES OF DELEGATION OF
AUTHORITY:
1/8/2012
 No delegation of total authority
 Delegation of only that authority a
POM/Chapter 4 - Organizing
manager has
 Representation of the superior
 Delegation for organizational purpose
 Restoration of delegated authority
 Balance of authority and responsibility
 No delegation of responsibility
28

29. CONFLICT BETWEEN LINE – STAFF EMPLOYEES
1/8/2012
Assume Line Authority
POM/Chapter 4 - Organizing
Do not give Sound Advice
Steal Credit for Success
Fail to Keep line
personnel informed of their
activities
Do not see the whole picture. 29

30. PART FIVE:
CENTRALIZATION AND DECENTRALIZATION
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 Meaning : Centralization and Decentralization
POM/Chapter 4 - Organizing
 Reasons: In which case which is needed
 Advantages and Disadvantages: of both
30

31. EMERGING ISSUES IN ORGANIZATION DESIGN
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POM/Chapter 4 - Organizing
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32. STAFFING: CONCEPT AND IMPORTANCE
1/8/2012
POM/Chapter 4 - Organizing
32