This document defines observation and discusses its purposes and types in research. Observation involves perceiving data through the senses and can be used to gather empirical data, supplement information, and describe variables that cannot be described without direct observation. There are two types of observation: participant observation where the observer is involved and nonparticipant where they are an outside observer. Observation can also be structured to focus on particular aspects or unstructured with no predefined items. It has advantages like providing first-hand data and allowing subjects to be studied in natural settings, but disadvantages include lack of control over external factors and difficulty quantifying unstructured data. Characteristics of good observational research include being specific, systematic, quantitative, immediately recorded, and done by an expert whose results