The document discusses the adverse effects of food additives and preservatives on human health. It provides examples of specific additives like tartrazine, boric acid, and nitrates/nitrites that can negatively impact organs like the liver, kidneys, and brain. Long term effects of constant exposure to these additives may increase risks of conditions like cancer, learning disabilities, and fertility issues. The document also outlines regulatory bodies like the WHO and Codex Alimentarius Commission that are responsible for evaluating additive safety and setting standards.

1. Effects of Food
Preservatives
and Additives

2. Objectives
• Content standard
• Explain the adverse effects of consuming food additives
to human body.
• Performance Standard
• 1. Provide an example of food preservatives and
additives and identify the organ that might be affected.
• 2. Explain how it will affect that organ
• Learning Competencies
• Explain the adverse effects of consuming products with

3. Objectives
• Unpacked Learning Competencies
• 1. Understand how food additives, preservatives,
and artificial sweetening agents affects the health of
the consumer
• 2. Explain how you will be able to prevent the use
of food preservatives and additives
• 3. Discuss how harmful these preservatives can
be in our body

4. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC
Extend
Evaluate
Explain
Elaborate

5. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
Elicit
3 volunteers to
discussed what
they have learned
from the previous
lesson

6. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
Engage
Predict what will
happen to the
following video scene

7. Video
Number 1
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MWssn2
ONZFo

8. Video number 2
https://www.youtube.com/watch
?v=W5ExZGQ9heI

9. What do you
think will
happen to our
body if we
ingested a lot
of additives?

10. Explor
e

11. Who is
responsible?
•World Health
Organization(WHO) in
cooperation with the Food
and Agriculture Organization
(FAO) of United Nations
•Responsible for assessing
the risks to human health
from food additives.

12. Who is
responsible?
•Joint FAO/WHO Expert
Committee on Food Additives
(JECFA).
•An independent, international
expert scientific group
•Conducted the risk assessment
of food additives

13. JECFA
• Based on scientific reviews of all available biochemical,
toxicological, and other relevant data on a given additive
•The toxicological tests required includes the following:
•acute, short-term, and long-term studies that
determine how the food additive is absorbed,
distributed, and excreted, and possible harmful effects
of the additive or its by-products at certain exposure
levels.

14. ADI
(Acceptable
Daily Intake)
•Acceptable Daily Intake
•The first step to determine if the
additives is safe.
•It is the estimated amount of an
additive in food or drinks that can
be safely consumed everyday over
a lifetime without adverse effect on
human health.

15. International
Standards for
the Safe Use
of Food
Additives
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

16. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC
Codex Alimentarius Commission
• Latin for “food code”
• Collection of international food standards
codes of practice, guidelines, and
recommendations.
• Global reference point for consumers, food
producers, national food control agencies,
and the international food trade.

17. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC
How to
check the
food
content?
1. WHO encourage each
government to oversee the food
manufacture in their respective
country.
2. Manufacturers should comply
with the standards set by the
Codex Alimentarius Commission.
3. Read carefully the label of each
products.

18. Explain
Effect of Food Additives and
Preservatives
• May be immediate or may be harmful
in the long run if one have constant
exposure or accumulations.
• Immediate effects may include
headaches, change in energy level,
and alterations in the mental
concentration, behavior, or immune
response (Pandey and Upadhyay
2012)

19. Explain
Effect of Food Additives and
Preservatives
• Long-term effects ay increase one’s
risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease
and other degenerative conditions.
• Can cause respiratory or other health
problem.
• Aggravate ADD and ADHD symptoms
in those affected (Gustaffsson et al.,
2003)

20. Explain
Effect of Food Additives and
Preservatives
• Can cause anaphylactic shock in
susceptible individuals.

21. Explain
Some Food Additives and
Preservatives and their side-effects
• Tartrazine
• Trisodium 5-hydroxy-1-(4-
sulfonatophenyl)-4-(4-
sulfanotophenylazo)-H-pyrazol-3-
carboxylate)
• FD&C Yellow no. 5 and E 102
• ADI-7.5 mg/Kgbw.

22. Some Food Additives and
Preservatives and their side-effects
• Tartrazine
• Genotoxic potential towards
lymphocytes and could bind directly
to DNA
• Potentially toxic to calf thymus DNA
in vitro.
• Neurobehavioral parameters effect
• Neurotoxicity and deficits in
learning and memory in mice and
Elaborate
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

23. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
Some Food Additives and
Preservatives and their side-effects
• Tartrazine
• Genotoxic potential towards
lymphocytes and could bind directly
to DNA
• Potentially toxic to calf thymus DNA
in vitro.
• Neurobehavioral parameters effect
• Neurotoxicity and deficits in
learning and memory in mice and
Elaborate

24. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
Some Food Additives and
Preservatives and their side-effects
• Boric Acid
• H3BO3
• Toxic to cell
• Suppressed the sperm release from
the testes and when the animals were
treated with high amount of boric acid
• Inhibits DNA synthesis in sperm cells
and hence reduces fertility and it
impairs fertility in male rodents
Elaborate

25. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
Some Food Additives and
Preservatives and their side-effects
• Boric Acid
• H3BO3
• Toxic to cell
• Suppressed the sperm release from
the testes and when the animals were
treated with high amount of boric acid
• Inhibits DNA synthesis in sperm cells
and hence reduces fertility and it
impairs fertility in male rodents
Elaborate

26. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
Some Food Additives and
Preservatives and their side-effects
• Curcumin
• Can have carcinogenic effect
• Mild nausea, diarrhea
• Alter iron metabolism by chelating iron
and suppressing the protein hepcidin,
potentially causing iron deficiency
• Embryotoxic and teratogenic effects
on zebrafishes embryos.
Elaborate

27. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
Some Food Additives and
Preservatives and their side-effects
• Nitrates and Nitrites
• Nitrate binds in hemoglobin resulting
to alteration of it. (methemoglobin)
impairs oxygen delivery to tissues.
• Increased incidence of cancer
• Increased the incidence of childhood
diabetes
Elaborate

28. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
Some Food Additives and
Preservatives and their side-effects
• Annatto
• Can cause rare allergic reactions
when consume in large amount.
• Can cause chronic hives and
angioedemas
• Irritable bowel syndrome
• Potential rare cause of anaphylaxis
Elaborate

29. Chronic
Hives

30. Angioedema

31. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
Some Food Additives and
Preservatives and their side-effects
• Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) and
Butylated Hydroxyanisole (BHA)
• Child hyperactivity
• Damage to lungs, liver and kidneys
• Cancer (Tran, 2013)
• Greater than 3000 ppm induce
forestomach squamous cell
carcinomas in rodents
Elaborate

32. Forestomach
Squamous Cell
Carcinomas in
Rodents

33. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
Some Food Additives and
Preservatives and their side-effects
• Vinegar
• Esophageal injury by applying cider
vinegar table
• Long term heavy vinegar ingestion
can possibly cause hypokalemia,
hyperreninemia and osteoporosis
Elaborate

34. Osteoporosis

35. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
Some Food Additives and
Preservatives and their side-effects
• Saccharin
• “Reasonably anticipated to be human
carcinogen” – Center for the Science
in Public Interest, 1997
• Allergic reactions
• In infant- irritability and muscle
dysfunction
Elaborate

36. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
Some Food Additives and
Preservatives and their side-effects
• Aspartame
• Trigger migraines
• Forbidden for people with
phenylketonuria
• inborn error of metabolism that
results in decreased metabolism of
the amino acid phenylalanine.
Elaborate

37. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
Some Food Additives and
Preservatives and their side-effects
• Sucralose
• Gastrointestinal problems (bloating,
gas, diarrhea, nausea)
• Skin irritations
• Wheezing
• Cough
• Runny nose
• Palpitations
Elaborate

38. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
Some Food Additives and
Preservatives and their side-effects
• Acesulfame K
• Contains carcinogen methylene
chloride
• Headache, depression, nausea,
mental confusion, liver effects, kidney,
visual disturbances and cancer in
humans.
Elaborate

39. Evaluation
• Google Form