Dasha vidha Pareeksha.pptx Dr Akshay Shetty

DASHAVIDHA /ROGI BALA/ATURA
BALA/DOSHABALA PRAMANA
PAREEKSHA
Dr Akshay Shetty
Associate Professor
SSRAMC &H Inchal

Contents
Objectives
Dasha Vidha
pareeksha
Assesment of
Dashavidha
pareeksha
Importance of
Dashavidha
pareeksha
Summary References
26/02/2024 DASHA VIDHA PAREEKSHA (Dr Akshay Shetty) 2

Objectives
By the end of the presentation the
students must be able to---
•State Dasha Vidha pareeksha
•Asses Dashavidha pareeksha
•Describe Importance of Dashavidha pareeksha

बलस्य दोषस्य च प्रमाणं बलदोषप्रमाणम्| Chakrapani Ca.Vi 8/93

तस्मादातुरंपरीक्षेतप्रक
ृ तततश्च, तिक
ृ तततश्च, सारतश्च, संहननतश्च, प्रमाणतश्च,
सात्म्यतश्च, सत्त्वतश्च, आहारशक्तितश्च, व्यायामशक्तितश्च, ियस्तश्चेतत,
बलप्रमाणतिशेषग्रहणहेतोोः||९४|| Ca.Vi 8

Prakriti
Vikriti
Sara
Satva
Satmya
Samhana
Ahara shakti
Vyayama shakti
Vaya

आतुरस्तुखलुकाययदेशोः|
तस्यपरीक्षाआयुषोःप्रमाणज्ञानहेतोिायस्याद् , बलदोषप्रमाणज्ञानहेतोिाय|
तत्रताितदयंबलदोषप्रमाणज्ञानहेतोोः;
दोषप्रमाणानुरूपोतहभेषजप्रमाणतिकल्पोबलप्रमाणतिशेषापेक्षोभितत|
सहसाह्यततबलमौषधमपरीक्षकप्रयुिमल्पबलमातुरमततपातयेत्;
नह्यततबलान्याग्नेयिायिीयान्यौषधान्यतग्नक्षारशस्त्रकमायतणिाशक्यन्तेऽल्पबलोःसोढुम्;
असह्यातततीक्ष्णिेगत्वाक्तितातनसद्योःप्राणहरातणस्युोः|

एतच्चिकारणमपेक्षमाणाहीनबलमातुरमतिषादकरमृयदुसुक
ु मारप्राय्तरोतरोरोतरगु्ततभरति
मरनात्यतयकश्चोपचरन्त्यौषधोः; तिशेषतश्चनारीोः,
ताह्यनिक्तथितमृदुतििृततिक्लिहृदयाोःप्रायोःसुक
ु मायोऽबलाोःपरसंस्तभ्याश्च|
तिाबलिततबलिद्व्यातधपररगतेस्वल्पबलमौषधमपरीक्षकप्रयुिमसाधकमेिभितत|

• Patient is the substratum of the act (karyadesha).
• Examination of the patient is conducted for the knowledge of life span or the
degree of strength and morbidity.
• The variations in dosage and potency of prescribed drugs is according to the
degree of morbidity and the degree of strength of patient, because if potent
drug is administered suddenly by a physician having not been examined
properly, it may kill the weak patient;
• The weak patients are not able to bear intensely potent drugs which are
predominant in agni and vayu or cauterization, application of alkali and surgical
operation.
• They may cause instantaneous death due to unbearable and over intense
impulse of the drug.

• Keeping this fact in mind, the physician should treat the weak patient with drug which is
not harmful, mild, delicate, and progressively strong in order, without complication and
not creating any emergent condition, particularly ladies, because they have unstable,
soft, bare and timid heart, they are mostly delicate, weak and dependent on others.
• On the other hand, the drugs having low potency and applied by one who has not been
examined properly in strong patients having severe disorder becomes ineffective.
• Hence the patient should be examined in respect of constitution (prakriti), morbidty
(vikriti), constitution of dhatu (sara), compactness (samhanana), measurement
(pramana), suitability (satmya), psyche (sattva), power of intake and digestion of food
(aharashakti), power of exercise (vyayamashakti) and age (vaya) for the knowledge of
the degree of strength

• Thus the strength of individuals can be classified depending upon
the superiority, mediocrity and inferiority of the above
mentioned factors, viz. prakruti (Physical constitution), sara etc.
except vikruti or morbidity.
• Ten-fold examinations should be done to understand the
overview of patient’s condition in relation to diseases person
must be carried out scientifically and methodically in a systemic
planned manner to get a derisible and satisfying successful
results.

देशस्तुभूतमरातुरश्च||९२||
तत्रभूतमपरीक्षाआतुरपररज्ञानहेतोिायस्यादौषधपररज्ञानहेतोिाय| Ca.Vi 8
Here desha is of 2 types-
• Bhumi desha (place)
• Aatura desha (patient)
Examination of patient is conducted for the knowledge of lifespan or degree of strength.
Weak patients are not able to bear intensely potent drugs.
On the other hand, the drug having low potency and potency and applied to strong
patients having severe disorders becomes ineffective.
Hence the patients should be examined by dasha vidha pareeksha

Prakriti parikisha
• Prakruti-Pareekshna is an integral part of Dashavidha Pareeksha.
• It includes both Shareer & Manasik Bhavas.
• Bala (strength), Agni (digestive fire), Satwa (mental strength) and Satmya
(beneficial to health) are nothing but constituents of Prakruti.
• Prakriti is the Swabhava or nature of an individual and it is an inherent
characteristic.
• Foetus is dependent on many factors such as Prakriti of Shukra (sperm),
Shonit (ovum), Kala (time of conception) and Garbhashaya (uterus).

• Prakriti is also affected by the food habits and life style followed by the
mother at the time of conception and during the entire gestational period.
• These factors are in turn completely dependent on the Dosha.
• Thus, foetus is dependent on the Dosha and its Prakriti is decided by the
predominant
• Dosha/Doshas at the time of conception. The one or more Doshas
predominant in the above said factors forms the Janmajaat Dosha Prakriti
(body constitution by birth) of the foetus.
• Hence some persons are of Kapha / Pitta/ Vata constitution or balanced
Tridoshaja constitution by birth

• The favourable and unfavorable things (Pathyapathya) for
particular type of Prakriti could be advised to the individual on
the basis of Prakriti.
• E.g. The Vata Prakriti individual should not consume dry, rough,
cold, astringent substances. Rather one should take oily, warm,
sweet substances.
• Similarly, Pitta Prakriti individual should avoid hot, sour, salty
substances and the social environment that will raise his anger.

• Kaphaj individuals should be asked to take regular exercise and to
avoid cold environment.
• Equally balanced (Sama) Prakriti is usually healthy and remain
disease free and even if gets diseased; recovers soon. So,
knowledge of Prakriti has prime importance in both healthy and
diseased persons

• Recently, few studies observed genetic bases for prakruti. Construct of
prakruti has been correlated to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene
polymorphism.
• Biochemical profiles and hematological parameters exhibited differences
between prakruti types.
• A significant association between CYP2C19 genotype and major classes of
prakruti types was observed.

• Another study showed platelet aggregatory response, and its inhibition by aspirin varied in
the different prakruti subtypes.
• This prakruti related evidence is likely to have a significant impact on personalized
medicine.
• However, there is a lack of quantitative studies such as reliability of prakruti assessment
• Based on the combination of one or more bioentities, seven types of prakruti are
described as vataja, pittaja, kaphaja, vatakaphaja, vatapittaja, pittakaphaja, and
vatapittakaphaja.
• Prakruti analysis helps in prioritizing any nurturing, preventive, and curative regimen
specific to an individual.
• Thus, prakruti-based prescription helps to enhance the therapeutic effect of a regimen and
to reduce the unwanted effects of the drug

Vikriti Pareeksha
तिक
ृ तततश्चेतततिक
ृ तत्तच्यतेतिकारोः| तत्रतिकारंहेतु-दोष-दू ष्य-प्रक
ृ तत-देश-
काल-बलतिशेषतलयङ्गतश्चपरीक्षेत,
नह्यन्तरेणहेत्वादीनांबलतिशेषंव्यातधबलतिशेषोपलक्तधोः| यस्यतहव्याधेदोष-
दू ष्य-प्रक
ृ तत-देश-काल-बलसाम्यंभितत, महच्चहेतुतलङ्गबलं,
सव्यातधबयलिान्भितत; ततिपयययाच्चाल्पबलोः;
मध्यबलस्तुदोषदू ष्यादीनामन्यतमसामान्यािेतुतलङ्गमध्यबलत्वाच्चोपलभ्यते||
१०१||

• Patient examination should be done with respect of vikriti as
well. Vikriti is vikara (disorder or pathological manifestation). The disorder should
be examined in terms of the strength of the cause (hetu), dosha(vitiating
factors), dushya(vitiated factors), constitution (prakriti), place (desha), time (kala)
and the symptoms.
• The severity of the disease cannot be known without knowing the strength of the
cause etc. factors.
• The disease having common dushya, constitution, place and time along with strong
cause and severity of symptoms is more, then such diseases are severe.
• The contrary is mild. The moderate disease has similarity in one of
the dosha, dushya etc. and as such moderate strength of cause and severity of
symptoms

• In brief vikriti refers to morbidity of the susceptible individual and it is also
helps to ascertain the strength of the pathogenesis factors responsible for
the manifestation of disease and also helps to predict the prognosis of the
disease.
• The vikriti pareeksha is stated for dosha Bala pramana of atura. For the
assessment of vyadhi – hetu (cause), dosha, dusya, prakruti, desha, kala and
Bala must be observed with their sub-types also. The vyadhi Bala is assessed
by the intensity of etiology (hetu), symptoms of diseases parameters.
• They are collectively described as the conditions namely of easily curable
(sukhsadhya), moderately curable (krichsadhya) and in-curable (asadhya)

Sara Pareeksha
सारतश्चेततसाराण्यष्टौपु्तषाणांबलमानतिशेषज्ञानाियमुपतदश्यन्ते; तद्यिा-
त्वग्रिमांसमेदोऽक्तथिमज्जशुक्रसत्त्वानीतत||१०२||
• Moreover a patient should be examined in respect of sara i.e. (best qualities
of body tissues).
• There are eight types of sara in human beings which are described here for
the knowledge of degree of strength such as –tvak, rakta, mamsa, meda,
asthi, majja, shukra and sattva

The eight components of Sara are examined and levelled in terms of relative
qualities viz.
Pravara (Excellent or superior)
 Madhyama (Medium)
 Avara (Inferior)

• Aim of Sara Pareeksha is assessment of Bala (strength) of children in
accordance to Ayurveda.
• In reference to Sara, we observe or assess the Bala or strength of body parts
and their functions as per the Dhatu (as the organs or body parts are formed
from the Dhatu, so the qualities of Dhatu reflect the strength of specific
organ/s, body parts etc. and their function.
• Therefore, with the help of Sara examination we assess the functional and
anatomical qualities of the specific Dhatu forming organs or body parts).
• We also evaluate the strength of memory, intellect; illness and temperature
bearing capacity, age assessment, knowledge, patience, money or immovable
property retaining capacity (richness/poor/prosperity) etc. and plan the
treatment accordingly

• According to modern knowledge sara can be considered as the optimum
degree of genetic code of an individual’s DNA with respect to particular
dhatu.
• Genetic code is the system of storage of genetic information’s is
chromosomes of living cells that instructs the machinery for polypeptide
synthesis to insert a living cells that instruct the machinery for polypeptide
synthesis to insert a particular amino acid in response to the nucleotide
sequence of genetic material.

• In our body every individual’s DNA has the different genetic code.
• So, we can say, the quality of Dhatus of every individual will depend upon
the genetic code of the individual’s DNA.
• If the genetic code of the individual’s DNA with respect to that dhatu is
optimum, the formation of the particular dhatu in the body will be of very
good quality.
• Sarva sara purusha has the optimum degree of the genetic code with
respect to all dhatus

Samhanana pareeksha
संहननतश्चेततसंहननं, संहततोः], संयोजनतमत्येकोऽियोः| तत्रसमसुतिभिाक्तथि, सुबिसक्ति,
सुतनतिष्टमांसशोतणतं, सुसंहतंशरीरतमत्युच्यते| तत्रसुसंहतशरीराोःपु्तषाबलिन्तोः,
तिपयययेणाल्पबलाोः, मध्यत्वात्संहननस्यमध्यबलाभिक्तन्त||११६||

• Samhanana, Samhati and Sama-Yojana are the synonyms. Compactness of
the body is known as Samhanana.
• It reflects the compactness qualities of the body. In other words,
compactness varies person to person.
• According to body compactness, Samhanana is classified as
 Pravara
 Madhya
 Avara

• Samhanana helps in prevention of diseases
• Criteria for the assessment of the Samhanana or Samhati or Samyojana.
• The person, who fulfills the following criteria, is known to have well
proportionate body.
 Smooth-uniformly well-defined bones
 Well-fixed joints
 Well oriented or placed muscles
 Well circulated blood in younger children
These features should be considered in accordance to growth for age

• Pravara samhanana –Symmetrical and well demarcated bones, well joints,
well bound muscles blood, strong built , excellent strength
• Madhyama samhanana Moderately symmetrical and demarcated bones,
moderately joints, moderately bound muscles blood, moderately built ,
moderately strength
• Avara samhanana –Weakly Symmetrical and demarcated bones, Weakly
joints, Weakly bound muscles blood, Weak built , Weak strength

Pramana Pariksha
• One should examine the body measurements.
• The Utsedh (Height), Wistar (breadth) and Yama (length) of the body parts should be
measured in terms of one's own fingers (Angul).
• The entire body measures eighty four fingers in height and also in breadth such
individuals possess longevity, strength, immunity, happiness, supremacy, wealth and
other desired facilities.
• Those having body with less or more measurement have qualities contrary to these
• The person having normal measurements are endowed with longevity, physical
strength, immunity, happiness, luxury, wealth and other desired things.
• Those having short or long body than normal are devoid of above said virtues

For clinical assessment it can be subdivided into
• Pravara Pramana- standard measurement criteria excellently height, length
and breadth.
• Madhyama pramana- standard measurement criteria moderately height,
length and breadth.
• Avarapramana- standard measurement criteria lesser extent height, length
and breadth.

Satmya Pareeksha
• One should also examine the compatibility of the patient to various things.
Compatible are those things which on constant use have wholesome effect
on the body. Satmya here refers to Oka Satmya which is habitual adaptations
made by the body to the administered potentially antigenic material.
• It is like conditioning the body to adapt to the certain things which are not
usually well tolerated by the body by practicing it daily.
• For e.g., butter is not tolerated by many people. But by making it a habit,
one can overcome the intolerance.
• Allergic response may occur if one is not compatible to certain things

• According to Dalhana, Satmya is of two types: Aahar. Satmya (Dietary compatibility)
and Vihar
• Satmya (Lifestyle compatibility).
• Aahar Satmya is again divided into six types those are Eka (one), Dauo (Two), Tri (three),
Chatur (Four), Pancha (Five), Shad (Six) Ras Satmya
• Vihar Satmya is divided into Kayik Vyayam (Body exercise), Vachik Vyayam (Speech
exercise), Mansik Vyayam (Mental exercise).
• Habits and addiction play important role in the development of disease. Addiction of
tobacco in any form can lead to ischemic heart disease. Smoking can also lead to COPD.
• Addiction of alcohol can lead to cirrhosis of liver. Hence, history regarding habits and
addictions should be carefully sought

Satva Pareeksha
• Psyche is the Mana. Mind or psyche along with the soul controls the body of a person.
• Satva Pareeksha is a Manobala or mental stamina examination.
• Satva is of three types-
 Pravara or anybody having excellent psyche does not puzzled by the onset of
disease originated pain and tolerate well in comparison to other types of Satva.
 Least tolerance, for the similar degree of painful condition in a disease, is found in
Avara (least capacity) Satva child/person.
 Madhya Satva person can perform the work after counseling, while an Avara Satva
person/child does not satisfy by self or any other and has intolerance to mild
disease, suffered with fear, greediness etc. and becomes unconscious just by
looking blood etc.

Ahara shakti
आहारशक्तितश्चेततआहारशक्तिरभ्यिहरणशक्त्याजरणशियाचपरीक्ष्या;
बलायुषीह्याहारायरोते||१२०||
The Ahar Shakti should be examined by assessing
• Abhyavaran Shakti (One's ability to eat the given quantity of food)
• Jaran Shakti (One's ability to digest the given quantity of food).
It is tested and interpreted by Pravar (High), Avar (Low),
Madhyam (Medium) value

• Sama Agni (Good digestive fire) individuals remain in balanced state and
hence remain healthy.
• Tikshn Agni (High digestive fire) individual as can digest everything in little
time also relatively remains healthy. But if they continue to consume Pitta
increasing aetiology then they are likely to suffer from disease like Bhasmak
Roga (Bulimia), Amlapitta (GERD) etc.
• Mandagni (weak digestive fire) individuals are prone to diseases
• Vishamagni (abnormal digestive fire) individuals are always unhealthy and
have gastric trouble.

Vyayama Shakti
व्यायामशक्तितश्चेतत व्यायामशक्तिरतप कमयशक्त्या परीक्ष्या|
कमयशक्त्या ह्यनुमीयते बलत्रतिध्यम् ||१२१||
कमय भारिहनातद, तत्र शक्तिोः कमयशक्तिोः||१२१||
The vyayama shakti(power of exercise) should be examined by the capacity for work.
Vyayama shakti is an important component of dasa vidha pareeksha. It is alone a
competent for assessment of bala.
For the assessment of vyayama shakti three parameters were selected which are breath
holding exercise, stepping exercise, measurement of basal pulse rate

• Pravara vyayama shakti - Individual possess a excellent exercise endurance.
• To advice rehabilitation programme person should have a good power of
exercise.
• These persons able to do a physiotherapy technique without much difficulty,
this helps for faster recovery. These kinds of individual are able to perform
heavy exercise.

• Madhyama vyayama shakti–Individual possess a moderate power of
exercise.
• Person follows the physiotherapeutic technique moderately as a result it
hampers the quicker relief.
• Moderate medicaments must be prescribed to gain desirable results

• Avara vyayama shakti-Individual possess a mild power of exercise. These
people are unable to follow the physiotherapeutic technique even up to
slighter extent.
• This hastens the slower recovery. Mild medicaments are suitable to gain
good results

Vaya Pareeksha
• ियस्तश्चेतत कालप्रमाणतिशेषापेतक्षणी तह शरीरािथिा ियोऽतभधीयते|
तियो यिाथिूलभेदेन तत्रतिधं- बालं, मध्यं, जीणयतमतत|
तत्र बालमपररपक्वधातुमजातव्यञ्जनं सुक
ु मारमक्लेशसहमसम्पूणयबलं श्लेष्मधातुप्रायमा
षोडशिषं, तििधयमानधातुगुणं पुनोः प्रायेणानिक्तथितसत्त्वमातत्रंशिषयमुपतदष्टं;

• मध्यं पुनोः समत्वागतबलिीययपौ्तषपराक्रमग्रहणधारणस्मरणिचनतिज्ञानसियधातुगुणं ब
लक्तथितमिक्तथितसत्त्वमतिशीययमाणधातुगुणं तपरोतधातुप्रायमाषतष्टिषयमुपतदष्टम्; अतोः परं
• हीयमानधाक्तत्वक्तियबलिीययपौ्तषपराक्रमग्रहणधारणस्मरणिचनतिज्ञानं श्यमानधातु
गुणं िायुधातुप्रायं क्रमेण जीणयमुच्यते आिषयशतम्|
िषयशतं खल्वायुषोः प्रमाणमक्तस्मन् काले; सक्तन्त च पुनरतधकोनिषयशतजीतिनोऽतप मनु
ष्याोः; तेषां तिक
ृ ततिर्ज्योः प्रक
ृ त्यातदबलतिशेषरायुषो लक्षणतश्च प्रमाणमुपलभ्य ियसक्तस्त्र
त्वं तिभजेत्||१२२||

• Vaya is defined as the state of the body corresponding to the length of time
that has passed since birth.
• Age is broadly divided into three stages –
 Bala (childhood)
 Madhya (middle age)
 Jeerna (old age).

• Childhood is determined up to sixteen years when the dhatus are immature,
sexual character are not manifested;
• the body is delicate, unstable with incomplete strength and predominant in
kapha dosha.
• This again with dhatus in developing stages and unstable mind remains up
to thirty years. Mild medicaments may be employed.

• The middle age is assessed by strength, energy, virility, acquisition,
retention, recollection, speech, understanding and qualities of all dhatus
having reached the normal limit, with proper physical and mental strength,
without degeneration in qualities of dhatus, with predominance of pitta
dhatu and is up to 60 years.
• Stronger medicaments may be employed to gain the success

• Old age is up to one hundred years. There is diminution of dhatus strength
of sense organs, energy, manliness, valor, power of understanding,
retention, memorizing, speech and analyzing facts. There is gradual
diminution in qualities of dhatus and dominance of vata .
• During this age the measure of life span is one hundred years.
• There are persons who live longer or shorter than that in such cases, one
should determine the three divisions of age on the basis of strength of the
factors like prakruti, sara etc. except vikruti and also characters of different
periods of life span.

Summary
State Dasha Vidha
pareeksha
Asses Dashavidha
pareeksha
Describe Importance of
Dashavidha pareeksha

References
• Charaka samhita
• Sushruta samhita
• Shashirekha H K, Sushant Sukumar Bargale Importance Of Dasha Vidha
Pareeksha In Clinical Practice Journal of Ayurveda and Holistic Medicine |
March, 2014 | Volume 2 | Issue 3
• Dr. Manish Kumar Importance Of Dashavidh Pareeksha World Journal of
Pharmaceutical and Medical Research

THANK YOU

Dasha vidha Pareeksha.pptx Dr Akshay Shetty

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