Obesity is caused by an imbalance between calories consumed and calories expended, leading to excess body fat. It is measured by body mass index (BMI) and defined as a BMI of 30 or higher. Obesity can lead to serious health conditions like heart disease, diabetes, and certain cancers. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle through balanced nutrition, regular physical activity, and managing stress can help prevent and treat obesity.

1. Obesity

2. Consequences:
Social isolation

3. OBESITY
Lack of Physical Activity and Unhealthy Food
Choices =

4. WHAT IS OBESITY ?
An increase in bodyweight because
of excess body fat .

5. It is a measure for human body shape based on an
individual's mass and height.
BODY MASS INDEX (BMI)

6. 1 inch =2.54 cm
100cm=1 meter
EXAMPLE
HEIGHT = 63 INCHES
63 x 2.54 = 160.02 cm
160 ÷ 100 = 1.6002 m
BMI = Wt in kg ÷ Ht in (m)2
70/(1.6002)2 = 70/2.56 =27.34
CALCULATE YOUR BMI

7. WEIGHT STATUS :

9. TYPES OF OBESITY
The apple shape:
 also called “android”,
“abdominal” or “central”
obesity
 people with high waist-to-hip ratios are
"apples", their body fat is distributed
mainly on the upper trunk, the chest and
abdomen giving the typical ‘apple shape’
 individuals are mostly male
 A waist-to-hip ratio >1.0 for men and
>0.8 for women indicates an increased
risk of cardio-vascular disease and
diabetes mellitus
The pear shape:
 also called “gynaeoid” or
“peripheral” obesity
 people with lower waist to hip ratios
are "pears“ - their body fat is distributed
mainly on the lower trunk, the hips and
thighs giving the typical ‘pear shape’.
 individuals are mostly female.
 associated health risks are minimal if
any

11. • Enzyme lipoprotein lipase synthesized by
adipocytes is released in circulation and
stimulate feeding center and increase food
intake leading to obesity.
• Leptin(peptide) produce satiety through
receptors in hypothalamus and decrease food
intake.
• Catecholamines also produce statiety.
REGULATION OF FOOD INTAKE

12. • Lack of physical
activities.
• Bad nutrition
habits.
• Genes.
MAIN CAUSES FOR OBESITY

13. what are the causes?
Changing Society
Food Choices
Lack of Physical Activity
Family Eating Habits

14. Some examples include:
Cost of food.
More food is prepared away from home.
Energy-dense foods / drinks are readily available.
Portion sizes have increased.
Marketing of energy-dense foods / drinks has increased.
The use of cars has increased.
The families has increased income
number of two-income
(

15. NUGGETS

16. MAIN DISEASES
(CONSEQUENCES)
Arteries
disease
Cancer
Problems in
the biliary
vesicle
Lung
diseases
Diabetes
Alterations
in the bones
Heart disease
Renal
disease
Obesity

17. • Decreased respiratory movements due to obesity lead to: hypoxia---increased
erythropoiton---increased RBC formation---increased Haematocrit---
Thromboembolic phenomena.
• In obese persons snoring lead to sleep apnoea-cardiac arrhythmias
• Cancer of rectum,colon,breast,ovary and uterus are common in obese persons
due to more body fat.
• Fatty liver lead to liver demage & disorders.
• Insuline insufficiency lead to diabetese
• In females menstrual disorders(inadequate horm) lead to infertility and sterility.
• In males adipose tissue aromatase convert plasma testosterone to estrogen
which exert anti-testosterone.
• Infections and hiatus hernia are common and poor surgical risks.
• Short life expectancy.
• Longer the belt shorter is the life span.
MAIN DISEASES

18. What health problems associated with
obesity ?
Type 2 diabetes
Eating disorders
Orthopedic disorders
Liver problems, including fatty liver
Respiratory disorders
Sleep apnea
Cardiomyopathy – a problem with the heart muscle,
caused when extra effort is needed to pump blood.

19. • Exercise .
• Choose a healthy diet .
• Sleeping for 8 hours minimum .
SOLUTIONS

20. HOW CAN I BE MOTIVATED ?

21. Did you know?
Obesity is the leading cause of preventable death, next to
smoking!

22. Food Pyramid
The foods you eat
have been divided
into three groups
according to how
nutritious they are.
These make up what
is often called the
‘food pyramid’.

23. Three Food Groups
Group 1: You should try to eat lots of:
Fruits and vegetables
Breads
Grains such as rice and pasta

24. Three Food Groups
Group 2: Eat these foods moderately
Dairy products such as milk, cheeses and yoghurts
Lean meat
Chicken (without skin)
Fish
Nuts

25. Three Food Groups
Group 3: Eat these foods sometimes
Sweet biscuits (2 small)
Chocolate coated bars (1 bar)
Potato chips (30g)
Ice-cream (2 scoops)
Lollies/chocolate (30g)
Cake or muffin (1 medium piece)

26. What are the benefits of Physical
Activity?
Cardiovascular fitness
Healthy weight
Improved posture
Reduced blood cholesterol
Better sleep
Boosted self-esteem and confidence
Improved concentration
Reduced stress, depression and anxiety
Enhanced social skills.

27. Monitor your progress
Assess your progress at six weeks after you start your
program and then again every three to six months.
You may need to increase the amount of time you exercise in
order to continue improving.
If you lose motivation, set new goals or try a new activity.
Exercising with a friend or taking a class at a local fitness
centre may help.

28. NO PAIN NO GAIN ..

29. Obesity is a diseases which
affected the whole world but
there is always a way out .
No pain no gain, So do you
have the guts to fight for life ?
CONCLUSION