Here are the main parts of the cell labeled:
1. Cell membrane - The outer boundary of the cell that regulates what enters and exits.
2. Nucleus - Contains genetic material (DNA) and directs cell activities.
3. Cytoplasm - Jelly-like material inside the cell that contains organelles and allows cell processes.
4. Mitochondria - Produces energy (ATP) for cell activities through cellular respiration.
5. Endoplasmic reticulum - Modifies and transports molecules within the cell.
6. Golgi apparatus - Modifies and packages proteins and lipids for export from the cell.
7. Ribosomes - Site of protein synthesis using
At the end of this session, the student should be able to:
a. Describe the organization of the cell.
b. List the membranous structures of the cell and describe briefly the structure of the cell membrane.
c. List the cellular organelles and describe briefly the functions of each.
med_students0
At the end of this session, the student should be able to:
a. Describe the organization of the cell.
b. List the membranous structures of the cell and describe briefly the structure of the cell membrane.
c. List the cellular organelles and describe briefly the functions of each.
med_students0
human cell anatomy - "cell is a basic structural unit of life" -as all living organism are made up of cells knowing the unique functions of the cell, shape, anatomy , function of organelle, and types of human cell involved are the most important factors and to also understand about -how human cells can play a vital role in our daily life.
Aim : to study cell and it's organelle with help of electron microscope.
Cells are the basic building blocks of living things. The human body is composed of trillions of cells, all with their own specialised function.
Cells are the basic structures of all living organisms.
Cells provide structure for the body, take in nutrients from food and carry out important functions.
Cells group together to form tissues?, which in turn group together to form organs?, such as the heart and brain.
Our cells contain a number of functional structures called organelles?.
These organelles carry out tasks such as making proteins?, processing chemicals and generating energy for the cell.
The nucleus? is based at the centre of the cell and is the ‘control room’ for the cell.
The genome? is found within the nucleus.
human cell anatomy - "cell is a basic structural unit of life" -as all living organism are made up of cells knowing the unique functions of the cell, shape, anatomy , function of organelle, and types of human cell involved are the most important factors and to also understand about -how human cells can play a vital role in our daily life.
Aim : to study cell and it's organelle with help of electron microscope.
Cells are the basic building blocks of living things. The human body is composed of trillions of cells, all with their own specialised function.
Cells are the basic structures of all living organisms.
Cells provide structure for the body, take in nutrients from food and carry out important functions.
Cells group together to form tissues?, which in turn group together to form organs?, such as the heart and brain.
Our cells contain a number of functional structures called organelles?.
These organelles carry out tasks such as making proteins?, processing chemicals and generating energy for the cell.
The nucleus? is based at the centre of the cell and is the ‘control room’ for the cell.
The genome? is found within the nucleus.
CELL STRUCTURE, CELL ORGANELLES, CELL FUNCTIONS.
BRIEF IDEA ABOUT CELL STRUCTURE, CELL ORGANELLES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS, COMPARTMENTALIZATION INSIDE CELL
cell organelles, nucleus, mitochondria, plasma memebrane,ribosomes, golgi bodies, lysosomes, chloroplast
(helpfull for B.Sc. students as well as competitions tests
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
2. Cell Theory
• All living things are made up of cells.Cells
are building blocks of our body (as bricks
are building blocks of a house).
• Cells are the smallest working units of all
living things.
• All cells come from pre-existing cells
through cell division.
• All living things have 3 common features:
Reproduction,Locomotion n Digestion
3. Definition of Cell
A Cell is the structural and
functional unit of all living
organism.
The cell is the smallest unit that is
capable of performing life
functions as
reproduction,locomotion and
digestion.
4. DISCOVARY
• By Robert Hook in 1665
• He observed boxes in bark of tree(cork)
under microscope.He named these boxes
Cells
• After staining with Eosine/Hematoxyline
cytoplasm looks pink and nucleus blue.
9. Types of Cells
• Eukaryots;Cells having true
nucleus(Eu=true,karyo=nucleus
• Prokaryots;comprise bacteria which are
considered by scientists to have evolved
before eukaryotes
(pro=before,karyo=nucleus)
10. Prokaryotic-Bacteria
• Oldest form of life on earth
• Outermost capsule-cell wall-cell memb.
• Cytoplasm contain free single circular
DNA (nucleoid/plasmid) without
welldefined nucleous for reproduction.
• Ribosomes consist of rRNA n proteins.
• External structures-flagella,pili etc
12. are the most complex form of life.
They have nucleus
Contain organelles surrounded by membranes
They are multicellular organisms (composed of
many cells).
Most living organisms
Examples: animals and plants.
Eukaryotic
14. Common Characteristics
• All cells are surrounded by a barrier called
the cell membrane
• They contain the molecule that carries
biological information-DNA
15. Isolation of cell components
• The cellular compt. are obtained by
differential centrifugation of cells,after they
have been gently broken by one of the
following methods;
• Grinding,In Hypotonic soln.,Alternative
freezing thawing,Ultrasonification,Enzymic
treatment.
• The homogenized cells can be
fractionated by differential centrifugation at
various forces of gravity(1000-150,000g
for 10min-3hrs).
22. Cell Structures
• The Plasma Membrane—A Cell's Protective Coat
• The Cytoskeleton—A Cell's Scaffold
• The Cytoplasm—A Cell's Inner Space
• Genetic Material
Cell Organelles include
• The Nucleus—A Cell's Center
• The Endoplasmic Reticulum and the Golgi Apparatus
Macromolecule Manager
• The Ribosome—The Protein Production Machine
• Mitochondria and Chloroplasts—The Power Generators
• Lysosomes and Peroxisomes—The Cellular Digestive
System
23. Cytoplasm and Organelles
• Cytoplasm lies between the cell
membrane and nucleus and contains the
organelles.
• Cytosol is a gelatin like aqueous fluid that
contains salts, minerals and organic
molecules
26. Nucleus
• Most prominent structure
• Maintains its shape with a protein skeleton called the
nuclear matrix
• Double membrane – nuclear envelope
• Inside the envelope – chromatin (DNA & protein)
• When the cell is about to divide it forms the
chromosomes-made of DNA.
• Stores heriditary information in its DNA-transfer by
replication.
• RNA is copied from DNA-transcription- forming mRNA
• m-RNA travels from nucleus to the cytosol through small
holes in the envelope – nuclear pores
• Contains the nucleolus – the site where ribosomes are
synthesized
29. Endoplasmic Reticulum
• System of membranous tubules and sacs
• Intracellular Highway – molecules move from one
part of the cell to another
• 2 types – rough and smooth
• Rough ER-studded with ribosomes –synthesis of
proteins with posttranslational modifications- to be
used by the cell organelles, membrane or secreted
from the cell
• Smooth ER - no ribosomes-has enzymes for:
Synthesis of TAG & Phospholipids in enterocytes
Synthesis of steroids in gland cells
Has cyto.P450 for detoxification in liver
Regulation of calcium in muscle cells
31. Ribosomes
• Most numerous
• Not surrounded by a membrane
• Synthesized in nucleolus in the nucleous.
• Made up of proteins and RNA
• RNA is packaged into the ribosomes then transported to
the cytosol
• Some ribosomes are free
• Some are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
• Protein is synthesized in the ribosomes
• Proteins to be used in the cytosol – free ribosomes
• Proteins to be exported or inserted in the cell membrane
– ribosomes on the ER
32. Golgi Apparatus
• System of membranes
• Series of flattened sacs
with convex shape
• Works with the ER to
modify proteins
Processing, packaging
distributing proteins to
lysosomes,secretory
vesicles and pl.memb.
34. CYTOSKELETON
• Network of long flexible fibrous protein strands,maintains
the shape and size of cell
• Microtubules – largest strands are hollow cyllindrical
tubes begin in nu n extend to pl memb. made up of
tubulin protein
– Help the cell divide by forming spindle
- Responsible for positioning of organelles
- Participates in the movement of vesicles
• Microfilaments – threads made of actin (protein) –
smallest strands-control the shape of cell n movement of
cell surface to move, divide n engulf.
• Intermediate filaments- are composed of fibrous
protein polymers-provide structural support to memb n
other cellular components.
36. Mitochondria
• Sites of chemical reactions that transfer energy from organic
compounds to ATP
• ATP- main energy source for cells
• Size 1-2 µ,1-1000 in number
• Cells with high energy requirements have more mito.
e.g.CNS,muscle,liver
• Have 2 membranes
• Smooth outer membrane serves as a boundary between the
mitochondria and the cytosol
• Inner membrane has many folds called Cristae – they enlarge the
surface area for more chemical reactions
• Have their own DNA n RNA(maternal)
• Mito has 120 proteins(13 encoded by mito.DNA. Mito can replicate.
• Mutations cause muscle n nerve,renal diseases e.g. LHON &
MERRF
38. LYSOSOMES
• Small spherical organelles of digestion.
• Enclose hydrolytic enzymes, within single
membranes with ATPase to keep ph 5.5
• Digest proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, DNA and
RNA(Endocytosis)
• Eliminating unwanted material- old
organelles,misfold proteins
bacterias,viruses,tissue remodeling after injury
• Destroyed compt. are recycled
• L.Enz Defficiency leads to storage dis, L-cell
disease(T.sachs,Gaucher,Pompaei diseases)
39.
40. PEROXYSOMES
• Spherical with single emb.,similar to
lysosomes in size,involved in oxidative
reactions using molecular O2,producing
H2O2 degraded by catalase.
• Function in oxidation of long chain FA &
synth of bile acids from cholestrol
• Can replicate by division like mito.
41. Label the parts of the cell
http://www.phschool.com/atschool/phbio/activities/cbd-3072/simbase.htm
http://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/cell/cell.htm
