OBESITY PREVALENCE ETILOGY HEALTH RISK ASSOCIATED OBESITY AND TREATMENT AND PREVALENCE

1. NAME :- JAY B. PATEL
ROLL NO. :- 18-PBC-014
BIOCHEMISTRY
M.Sc. SEM-3
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2.  Obesity is a Chronic Disease .
 Obesity is not only widespread, but it is become a real health risk.
 Obesity is a Disease that Manageable and Treatable.
 Obesity is Worldwide Health Concern.
 Obesity is caused by many Factors.
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3. WHAT IS OBESITY??????
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4.  Obesity is a state of Excess adipose tissue mass.
 Obesity occur because of Caloric imbalance.
 If we Intake in more Calories than we burn than the Extra Food turns into fat
and is stored in our bodies.
 If we Overeat regularly, we gain weight and if we continue to gain weight,
we may become Obese.
 Obesity is most commonly caused by Combination Of excessive Food
intake, Lack of Physical Activity and Genetic susceptibility.
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6.  Four methods
1)Body mass Index
2)Waist Circumference
3)Waist to hip Ratio
4)Skinfold thickness
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7.  BMI (Body Mass Index) is main measuring tool for Obesity.
 BMI is A Person’s Weight in Kg Divided by the Square of his or
her Height in meters.
 According to the WHO, BMI is a tool of measuring of
Overweight and Obesity and that’s also called as Ratio of
Weight and Height.
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9. Category BMI (Kg/m2) Health Risk
Underweight Less than 18.5 Low
Normal Weight 18.5-24.9 Low
Overweight 25-29.9 Some Risks
Obese Class-1 30-34.9 HIGH
Obese Class-2 35-39.9 VERY HIGH
Obese Class-3 More than 40 EXTREME
(Severe Obesity)
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10. o Waist Circumference is a way
to measure Obesity by
measure Extra fat found
around the middle that is an
important factor for health.
o Measured at natural waist,
belly button and between
lowest rib and the top of the
hip bone.
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11. Check at areas of
triceps,Chest,abdmonial
and thigh 11

12. • Weight gain occurs when you eat more Calories than your
body needs.
• The Excess Calories converted into fat.
• The main reason for obesity is imbalance between Calorie
intake and Calorie need or Expand.
• Age, Gender, Genes, Psychological Factors and
Environmental Factors all may contribute to develop this
Disease. 12

13. GENES
Family Lifestyle
Emotions
Inactivity and Stress
Unhealthy Diets
Lack of Sleep
Drugs
Age and Sex
Socioenvironmental Factor
Environmental Factor 13

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16. OECD
RANK
(GLOBAL
RANK)
Country % of ADULT
Obese
population
1 (12) United
States
36.2%
2 (17) Turkey 32.1%
3 (22) New Zeland 30.8%
4 (26) Canada 29.4%
5 (27) Australia 29.0%
6 (28) Mexico 28.9%
7 (32) Chile 28.0%
8 (33) United
Kingdom
27.8%
9 (41) Hungary 26.4%
10 (44) Israel 26.1%
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17.  Worldwide obesity has nearly tripled since 1975.
 In 2016, more than 1.9 billion adults, 18 years and older, were overweight. Of
these over 650 million were obese.
 39% of adults aged 18 years and over were overweight in 2016, and 13% were
obese.
 41 million children under the age of 5 were overweight or obese in 2016.
 Over 340 million children and adolescents aged 5-19 were overweight or obese
in 2016.
 Obesity is preventable.
WHO Reports (2016)
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20. Respiratory
Breathless
Sleep apnea
Pickwikian Syndrome
Asthma
Hypoventilation Syndrome
Gatrointestinal
Gall Stones
Fatty liver and cirrhosis
Colorectal Cancer
Haernias
Nonalcoholic Fatty liver Disease
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21. Orthopaedic
Gout
Osteoarthritis
Psychological
Depression
Body image disturbance
Social stigmatization
Urological
Prostate Cancer
Breast
Breast Cancer
Male gynaecomastia
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22. • Overweight and Obese People may raise Risk of Developing Certain
types of Cancer.
What types of Cancer are
caused by Obesity????
I. Breast Cancer
II. Bowel Cancer
III. Uterus Cancer (Womb)
IV. Oesophageal Cancer (Food Pipe)
V. Pancreatic Cancer
VI. Gallbladder Cancer
VII. LIver Cancer
VIII.Upper Stomach (Gastric Cardia)
IX. Kidney Cancer
X. Ovarian Cancer
XI. Myeloma
XII. Meningioma
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23.  Fat Have mainly 2 Functions:-
 1)Store of Energy
 2)Constantly Sending msg to the rest of your body which
affects things like Cell growth,Chemical reactions
in cells and body's reproductive cycles.
 So if there is too much of fat then it affects:-
 1.Growth Hormone
 2.Inflammation
 3.Sex Hormone
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24. Obesity
(Insulin Resistance Syndrome)
Progressive Loss of cells because
of High FFA,Genetic Factors,High blood Glucose
Impared Glucose Tolerance
DM
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25.  In Fact,Obesity is belived to account for 80-85% of the Risk of
developing type-2 Diabetes,While Recent suggests that obese
people are up to 80 times more likely to Develop type-2 DM than
Normal weight People (BMI less than 23).
 Inflammatory Response :- Studies suggest that abdominal fat
causes fat cells to release Proinflammatory Chemicals,Which can
make the body less sensitive to the Insulin.
 This known as “Insulin Resistance” = The Hallmark of type-2
Diabetes
 Type-2 Diabetes Reduces body's abillity to controll Blood sugar.
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26.  Blood Pressure is increased by 6 mm Systolic and 4 mm
Diastolic Pressure for 10% gain in Body Fat.
 Reisen Demonstrated that a weight loss of 11kg Produced
20% Decreases in both Systolic and Diastolic Pressure.
 Clinical and Animal Studies have documented that weight
gain can raise arterial Pressure, whereas Weight loss has a
beneficial effect on Blood Pressure Controll.
 Found a Strong Association between Obesity and High
Blood Pressure By “Regression Analysis”. 26

27.  Dyslipidemia are disorders of Lipoprotein metabolism including
Lipoprotein Overproduction and deficiency which is associated
with Obesity.
 Dyslipidemia Related Obesity is characterized by increased
triglycerides,Decreased HDL levels and abnormal LDL Composition.
 The Ameican Heart Association (AHA) estimates that more than 100
million Americans, one third of All Americans have total Cholesterol
level in excess of 200 mg/dL, which is considered a moderately high
level and more than 34 million Adult Americans have levels greater
than 240 mg/dL which is Considered a high level.
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28.  A 10 kg higher body weight is increases estimates 12%
increase in Coronary Heart Disease.
 Being Overweight puts Strain on your Heart and makes it
hard for you to be more Active.
 Staying More active reduces the chance of future Heart
disease and also Of Stroke.
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29.  Obesity Affects CVD in multiple ways:-
 Obese individual have increased total Blood volume seen
in both intracellular and Extracellular fluid are associated
with increased Adipose tissues and that Associated with
Increased Risk of CVD.
 If you Have a lot of Excess weight from body fat, you are
more likely to develop Heart Disease.
 Obesity Affects your Heart (Excess Fat)
- Puts Extra Strain on your Heart Muscle.
- Raises Blood Cholesterol level.
- Increases Risk of Type 2 Diabetes.
- Raises Blood Pressure. 29

30.  More Fat, More Uric Acid .
 When People are Obese/Overweight their bodies Produce
more Insulin.
 Higher level of Insulin Circulating throughout the body
inhibit Uric Acid elimination by the kidneys, This Excess
Uric Acid can lead to Gout.
 A New meta analysis is shows that the relative risk of Gout
increases with increasing BMI (Body Mass Index).
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31.  Obesity and Overweight both are known to increase Blood
Pressure, High Blood Pressure is the Leading Cause of Strokes.
 Excess fat or Weight also Increases your chances of Developing
other problems linked to Strokes, including High Cholesterol
High Blood Sugar
Heart Disease.
 Stroke is a medical Condition in which poor blood flow to the
brain results in Cell Death.
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32.  While not Everyone who is Obese/Overweight has Sleep Apnea,
Putting Extra Fats increase the chance of this Disorder.
 That's Because weight gain can cause fat to accumulate in Neck
area and Obstructing Breathing and Leading to Sleep Apnea.
 A Person who is Obese or Overweight may have more fat stored
around her or his Neck, this may make the Airway smaller.
 A smaller Airway Can make Breathing Difficult or Breathing Stop
for Short period of Time.
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34.  Being Overweight/Obese increases load placed on the
Joints such as the Knee, Which increases Stress and could
possibly hasten the breakdown of Cartilage.
 Obesity is the most Powerful Risk factor of Osteoarthritis of
the Knees.
 Obese or Overweight Women have nearly 4 times the Risk
of Knees Osteoarthrits and for Overweight men the Risk is
about 5 times greater.
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35.  Fatty Liver Disease also Known as Non alcoholic
Steatohepatitis (NASH) occurs when Fat builds up in the
liver and causes Injury.
 Obesity is associated with Liver abnormalities known as
(NAFLD) Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Characterized by increased in intrahepatic triglyceride
content with or without Inflammation and Fibrosis.
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36. • Angina is Symptoms Of Coronary Heart Disease.
• Due to Excess Fat imbalance occur between myocardium
Oxygen Requirement and Oxygen Supply.
• It is Treatable Disease.
• Angina is a type of Chest pain caused by Reduced Blood
flow to heart due to high Fat.
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37.  Also Called as Cholalithiasis.
 Being Obese/Overweight may you more likely to
develop gallstones especially if you are a Woman.
 Reasearcher Found that People who have higher level
of Cholesterol in the bile which cause Gallstones.
 People who have Obesity may also have larger
Gallbladder that do not wok well.
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