Obesity is defined as excessive body fat accumulation that presents a risk to health. It is a global issue, with over 650 million obese adults worldwide in 2016. Key causes include physical inactivity, overeating, genetics, and high calorie diets. Health risks include increased risk of heart disease, diabetes, cancers, respiratory issues and more. Treatment involves lifestyle changes like diet modification, increased physical activity, behavior therapy and sometimes medication or surgery. Managing obesity requires a comprehensive approach across several domains.
As a chronic disease it is prevalent in both developed and developing countries, and affecting children(10-20%) as well as adults(20-40%).Excess weight gain invites many associated diseases.
As a chronic disease it is prevalent in both developed and developing countries, and affecting children(10-20%) as well as adults(20-40%).Excess weight gain invites many associated diseases.
The health hazards associated with obesity. Mortality morbidity
Complications related to obesity
type 2 diabetes.
high blood pressure.
heart disease and strokes.
certain types of cancer.
sleep apnea.
osteoarthritis.
fatty liver disease.
Obesity is defined as an abnormal growth of the adipose tissue and or enlargement of fat cell size (hypertrophic obesity) or increase in fat cell number (hyperplastic obesity).
Obesity is often expressed in terms of body mass index (BMI)
The "Calorie Reduction as Primary" HypothesisRWLGym
A brief outline of how inflammation is responsible for the obesity epidemic and the idea that reducing caloric intake to lose body fat and get healthier is flawed.
More than 66% of U.S. adults are categorized as overweight or obese, and the prevalence of obesity is increasing rapidly in most of the industrialized world.
Children and adolescents also are becoming more obese, indicating that the current trends will accelerate over time.
Obesity is associated with an increased risk of multiple health problems, including hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, obstructive sleep apnea, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, degenerative joint disease, and some malignancies.
Thus, it is important for physicians to identify, evaluate, and treat patients for obesity and associated comorbid conditions.
PRESENTED BY: AYESHA KABEER
FROM: UNIVERSITY OF GUJRAT SIALKOT SUBCAMPUS
Obesity and Cardiovascular Diseases
1. Causes of Overweight and Obesity
2. Accessing Obesity
-Body Mass Index
3. Cardiovascular Diseases caused by Obesity
Effective treatment for obesity in Mindheal Homeopathy clinic ,Chembur, Mum...Shewta shetty
"Obesity- Obesity refers to excessive fat accumulation in the body. Mindheal homeopathy induces the patient to make a dietary and lifestyle changes to control obesity"/>
Effective treatment for obesity in Mindheal Homeopathy clinic ,Chembur, Mum...Shewta shetty
"Obesity- Obesity refers to excessive fat accumulation in the body. Mindheal homeopathy induces the patient to make a dietary and lifestyle changes to control obesity"/>
The health hazards associated with obesity. Mortality morbidity
Complications related to obesity
type 2 diabetes.
high blood pressure.
heart disease and strokes.
certain types of cancer.
sleep apnea.
osteoarthritis.
fatty liver disease.
Obesity is defined as an abnormal growth of the adipose tissue and or enlargement of fat cell size (hypertrophic obesity) or increase in fat cell number (hyperplastic obesity).
Obesity is often expressed in terms of body mass index (BMI)
The "Calorie Reduction as Primary" HypothesisRWLGym
A brief outline of how inflammation is responsible for the obesity epidemic and the idea that reducing caloric intake to lose body fat and get healthier is flawed.
More than 66% of U.S. adults are categorized as overweight or obese, and the prevalence of obesity is increasing rapidly in most of the industrialized world.
Children and adolescents also are becoming more obese, indicating that the current trends will accelerate over time.
Obesity is associated with an increased risk of multiple health problems, including hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, obstructive sleep apnea, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, degenerative joint disease, and some malignancies.
Thus, it is important for physicians to identify, evaluate, and treat patients for obesity and associated comorbid conditions.
PRESENTED BY: AYESHA KABEER
FROM: UNIVERSITY OF GUJRAT SIALKOT SUBCAMPUS
Obesity and Cardiovascular Diseases
1. Causes of Overweight and Obesity
2. Accessing Obesity
-Body Mass Index
3. Cardiovascular Diseases caused by Obesity
Effective treatment for obesity in Mindheal Homeopathy clinic ,Chembur, Mum...Shewta shetty
"Obesity- Obesity refers to excessive fat accumulation in the body. Mindheal homeopathy induces the patient to make a dietary and lifestyle changes to control obesity"/>
Effective treatment for obesity in Mindheal Homeopathy clinic ,Chembur, Mum...Shewta shetty
"Obesity- Obesity refers to excessive fat accumulation in the body. Mindheal homeopathy induces the patient to make a dietary and lifestyle changes to control obesity"/>
Childhood obesity the other aspect of malnutritionvckg1987
this presentation mainly deals with childhood obesity where the current trends of it in India and statewise has been shown, there are various classification which are made for childhood obesity but there is confusion which one to choose, so this confusion is removed in this presentation, then moving on the strategies made for preventing the childhood obesity in various countries has been mentioned.
Overweight And Obesity : Proven Health Risks, We All Should KnowSanjiv Haribhakti
Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation in the body that presents a risk to health. Obesity will have a negative effect on health, leading to reduced life expectancy and/or increased health problems. According to WHO, Obesity is one of the most serious public health problems of the 21st century. For more info visit :- http://gisurgery.info/player_presentation.php?id=133
My seminar Obesity by Hani
Obesity is a public health and policy problem because of its increase prevalence, costs and health effect. (WHO, 2012, National heart lung and blood institute. 2012)
. The risk factor for chronic disease are highly prevalence (Zindah, Belbeisi, Walke & Makdad 2008)
The obesity and the overweight are risk for number of chronic disease include diabetes cardio vascular disease and cancer (WHO,2010)
Obesity refers to the condition of having an excessive amount of body fat.
This ppt contains a concise content regarding obesity for students of final year. I hope it will suffice you in your studies. Thank you spending your precious time in referring the same.
Healthy Living - Chapter 10 - Body Weight & Its ManagementTerry Patterson
_________________________________________
Terry L. Patterson
Director of Distance Learning
South Arkansas Community College
PO Box 7010
El Dorado, Arkansas 71731
(870) 864-8406 - 800-955-2289 ext. 406
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Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
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Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
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Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
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How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
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Navigating Challenges: Mental Health, Legislation, and the Prison System in B...Guillermo Rivera
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2. definition
Obesity is a state of excessive accumulation and stored of body fats,
Usually caused by consumption of more calories than body can use.
Also called as corpulence or fatness.
Obesity may be defined as an abnormal growth of the adipose
tissue due to an enlargement I fat cell size (hypertrophic obesity) or
an increase the number of fat cells(hyperplastic obesity) or a
combination of both.
3. Measurement of obesity
WHO classification BMI [ KG/M2]
Underweight < 18.5
Normal weight 18.5-24.99
overweight 25-29.99
Obesity class I 30-34.99
Obesity class II 35-39.99
Obesity class III >40
4.
5.
6. Epidemiological Factors :
• 1. Age :
• Obesity can occur at any age & generally increases with age. • Infants with
excessive weight gain have an Increased incidence of obesity in later life.
• 2. Sex :
• Women generally have rate of obesity than men.
• 3. Genetic Factors :
• Amount abdominal fat was influenced by a genetic compare accounting for 50 -
60% of the individual difference.
• 4. Physical Inactivity :
• Regular physical activity is protective against unhealthy weight gain. Sedentary
life style promotes obesity. In some individuals a major reduction in activity
without the compensatory decrease in habitual energy intake may be the major
cause of increased obesity Eg : In athletics when they retire and in young people
who sustain injuries.
7. Cont..
• Socio-Economic Status :
There is inverse relationship between socio-economic status & obesity.
Eating Habits :
The composition of the diet, the periodicity with which it is eaten & the amount of energy
derived from it are all relevant to the aetiology of obesity.
A diet containing more energy than needed may lead to prolonged poste prandial
hyperlipidemia & to deposition of triglycerides in the adipose tissue resulting in obesity.
Psychosocial Factors :
Psychosocial factors (Eg : Emotional disturbances) are deeply involved in aetiology of obesity.
Overeating may be a symptom of depression, anxiety, frustration & loneliness.
Excessive obese individuals are usually withdrawn self-conscious, lonely secret eaters.
8. Cont…
• Familial Tendency :
• Obesity frequently runs in families.
• Endocrine Factors : These may be involved in occasional cases, Eg :
Cushing’s syndrome, growth hormone deficiency. 0.
• Alcohol :
• Relationship between alcohol consumption & adiposity was generally
positive for men & negative for women.
• Drugs :
• Use of certain drugs, Eg : Corticosteroids, OCPS, insulin, B-adrenergic
blockers can promote weight gain.
9. Assessment of Obesity
• : The most widely used criteria for assessment of obesity are
1. Body Weight :
• Body weight it is not an accurate measure of excess fat, though it is a
widely used Index. • In epidemiological studies it is conventional to accept
+2 SD (standard deviations) from the median weight for height as a cut-off
point for obesity.
• 2. Skinfold Thickness :
• It is a rapid & non invasive method for assessing body fat Several varieties
of callipers (Eg : Harpenden skin callipers) are available for measuring
skinfold thickness. The measurement may be taken at all four sites – mid
triceps, biceps, subscapular, & supra iliac regions The sum of the
measurements should be less than 40 mm in boys & 50 mm in girls.
•
10. 3. Waist Circumference and Waist :
Hip ratio (WHR) Waist circumference is measured at the midpoint between
the lower border of the ribcage & iliac c rest. It is a convenient & simple
measurement
It is unrelated to height & correlates closely with BMI & WHR.
It is an approximate index of intra - abdominal fat mass & total body fat.
Changes in waist circumference reflect changes in risk factors for
cardiovascular disease & other forms of chronic disease.
There is an increased risk of metabolic complications for men with a waist
circumference > 102 cm & women with a waist circumference > 88 cm.
WHR: > 1.0 in men & > 0:85 in women indicates abdominal fat accumulation.
11. • 4. Others :
• (a) Measurement of total body water.
• (b) Measurement of total body potassium.
• (c) Measurement of total body density.
• The techniques involved are relatively complex & can't be used for
routine clinical purposes.
13. Global burden
• Worldwide obesity has nearly tripled since 1975.
• In 2016, more than 1.9 billion adults, 18 years and older, were overweight.
Of these over 650 million were obese.
• 39% of adults aged 18 years and over were overweight in 2016, and 13%
were obese.
• Most of the world's population live in countries where overweight and
obesity kills more people than underweight.
• 41 million children under the age of 5 were overweight or obese in 2016.
• Over 340 million children and adolescents aged 5-19 were overweight or
obese in 2016.
• Obesity is preventable.
• source: WHO
14. Causes of obesity
Physical inactivity
Overeating and food addiction
Genetics
A diet in high simple carbohydrate
Frequency of eating
Medication- antidepressant
Psychological factors
Diseases
Pregnancy
Processed food intaking
Hormonal issue – insulin increased leptin resistant
More sugary drinking
Lack of knowledge
15. Medical causes
• Cushing’s syndrome
• Hypothyroidism
• Insulinoma
• Craniopharyngioma and other disorders involving the hypothalamus
• Drug induced
16. health Consequence of obesity
• Nervous system problem
• Being overweight or having obesity greatly increases the risk of stroke, where
blood stops flowing to your brain. Obesity can also have a profound effect on
your mental health. This includes a higher risk of depression, poor self-esteem,
and issues with body image.
• Respiratory system problem
• Fat stored around the neck can make the airway too small, which can make
breathing difficult at night. This is called sleep apnea. Breathing may actually stop
for short periods of time in people with sleep apnea.
• Digestive system problem
• Obesity has been associated with a higher risk of gastroesophageal reflux disease
(GERD). GERD occurs when stomach acid leaks into the esophagus.
• in addition, obesity increases the risk of developing gallstones. This is when bile builds up
and hardens in the gallbladder. This may require surgery.
Fat can also build up around the liver and lead to liver damage, scar tissues, and even liver
failure.
17. Cont…
• Cardiovascular system problem
.
In people with obesity, the heart needs to work harder to pump blood around the body.
This leads to high blood pressure, or hypertension. High blood pressure is the leading
cause of stroke..
endocrine system problem
obesity can also make the body’s cells resistant to insulin. Insulin is a hormone that
carries sugar from your blood to your cells, where it’s used for energy. If you’re
resistant to insulin, the sugar can’t be taken up by the cells, resulting in high blood
sugar.
This increases a person’s risk of having type 2 diabetes, a condition where your
blood sugar is too high. Type 2 diabetes is linked to a range of other health issues,
including heart disease, kidney disease, strokoe, amputation, and blindness.
22. WHO strategy
• WHO strategy for preventing overweight and obesity
• Adopted by world health assembly in 2004 and WHO global strategy
on diet, physical activity and health.
• 4 objectives
1. Reduce risk factor of chronic diseases
2. Increase awareness and understanding
3. Implement global, regional, national policies action plan
4. Monitor science and promote research.
23. Prevalence of Overweight, Obesity, and Abdominal Obesity. Results are shown across
selected demographic parameters. Data given as percentages and adapted from a
2005 population-based study of 1,000 urban males of the Eastern Nepalese town of
Dharan.
Overweight (25–29.99 kg/m
2
) (%) Obese (≥ 30 kg/m
2
) (%) Increased Waist Hip Ratio (>0.90)
(%)
Ethnicity
Terai 8.7 8.7 47.8
Major hill 27.8 7.2 52.4
Hill native 41.3 8.2 49.3
Hill occupational 26.3 1.3 55.3
Age (years)
35–49 32.2 9.1 48.0
50–64 35.4 5.5 56.9
≥ 65 30.5 5.5 49.5
Socioeconomic status
Low 21.9 3.8 40.0
Middle 41.5 9.1 60.9
High 43.9 14.6 57.3
Occupation
Labour 69.1 4.7 38.6
Agriculture 67.9 2.5 47.5
Ex-army men 36.4 6.8 55.3
Technical/business 53.4 11.4 58.9
26. Diet and nutrition
food to avoid
Junk and processed foods: pizza, burger, potato chips, french fries, candy
bars pastries, cookies and cake etc….
Oily products
Sugary drinks
White bread
Most fruit juice
Some types of alcohol. Specially beer
Ice creams
High calorie coffee drink
Foods high added sugars
27. Good food for obesity
• Leafy greens veg.
• fruits
• Whole eggs
• Salmon
• Cruciferous vegetables
• Lean beef and chicken breast
• Tuna
• Beans and legumes
• Soups
• cottage cheese avocados
• Apple cider vinegar
28. Physical activities
• Fast walking
• Jogging swimming
• Sports and game playing
• Gym workout
• Stair climbing
29. Life style modification
Behavior modification
• Self monitoring of weight
• Stress management
• Social support
• Control on food habit
30. pharmacotherapy
• Medication for obesity have traditionally fallen into two major
categories
Appetite suppression
Gastrointestinal fat blockers