this slide presentation should assist students in explaining the basic sources of personality determinants and identifying some personality traits that affect behaviour.

1. Personality 9/6/2011 Organizational behaviour Lesson 2 1 Individual Differences Part 1

2. Personality Objectives: Students should be able to Explain the basic sources of personality. Identify some personality traits that affect behaviour. 9/6/2011 Organizational behaviour Lesson 2 2

3. Personality Learning objective 1 Explain the basic sources of personality determinants. 9/6/2011 Organizational behaviour Lesson 2 3

4. Personality Personality concept Behaviour involves a complex interaction of the person and the situation. Personality represents personal characteristics that lead to a consistent pattern of behaviour. Personality describes people commonalities and differences. Personality is stable over time. Definition : personality represents the overall profile or combination of stable psychological attributes that capture the unique nature of a person. 9/6/2011 Organizational behaviour Lesson 2 4

6. Family

7. Group membership

8. Life experienceHeredity and environment are important determinants of personality.

9. Personality Heredity A source of personality differences Research shows strong genetics effects on human personality. Some research points to evidence of 50 to 55% of personality traits have been attributed to genetics. 9/6/2011 Organizational behaviour Lesson 2 6

11. Personality Culture – the distinctive ways that people in different societies organize and live their lives. Culture determine societal values and morns as well as the role people play. Culture assist in determining broad patterns of behavioural similarities among people. Cultures are not homogenous. People of the same cultural background do not always respond the same way. Implication for managers: Managers of a same cultural background as their subordinate should not assume that their subordinates are like themselves in context of societal values, personality, or other individual characteristics. 9/6/2011 Organizational behaviour Lesson 2 9

12. Personality Family Family is a primary means for socialization of an individual into a particular culture. The family influences personality formation. Family related variable such as socio-economic status, family size, birth order, race, religion, geographic location, parent’s educational level, etc. influence personality development. 9/6/2011 Organizational behaviour Lesson 2 10

13. Personality Group membership A person’s personality is influence by his or her membership in a group. Personality may result from the influence of membership in different groups, past and present. 9/6/2011 Organizational behaviour Lesson 2 11

14. Personality Life experiences: Specific events and experience can impact on one’s personality development. A complex series of events and interactions with others people shape an adult’s self-esteem. 9/6/2011 Organizational behaviour Lesson 2 12

15. Personality Learning Behaviour 2 Indentify some personality traits that affect behaviour. 9/6/2011 Organizational behaviour Lesson 2 13

16. Personality Specific personality traits are basic components of personality The Big-Five personality dimensions (factors) describe an individual’s personality in terms of: Extroversion Emotional stability Agreeableness Consciousness Openness to experiences 9/6/2011 Organizational behaviour Lesson 2 14

17. Personality Extroversion High : talkative, active, sociable, assertive, gregarious Low: reserved, quiet, introverted 9/6/2011 Organizational behaviour Lesson 2 15

18. Personality Emotional stability High : Calm, relaxed, secure Low: worried, depressed, anxious, insecure, angry, embarrassed 9/6/2011 Organizational behaviour Lesson 2 16

19. Personality Agreeableness High : Cooperative, tolerant, good-natured, trusting, courteous, caring Low: Rude, cold, unkind 9/6/2011 Organizational behaviour Lesson 2 17

20. Personality Conscientiousness High : Dependable, thorough, organized, responsible, planful, achievement oriented, hardworking Low : Sloppy, careless, inefficient 9/6/2011 Organizational behaviour Lesson 2 18

21. Personality Personality types Psychologists also describe personality characteristics and dispositions as personality types. Many personality types are for understanding and managing behaviour in organizations. The following describe some personality types: Self-esteem Locus of control Machiavellian Type A and B personalities 9/6/2011 Organizational behaviour Lesson 2 19

22. Personality Self-esteem Self evaluation in terms of one’s own behaviour, abilities, appearance, and worth. People with self-esteem: likely to take more risk in job selection Attracted to high-status occupations Less easily influenced by other’s opinion in work setting Set higher goals for themselves Less susceptible to stress, conflict, ambiguity, poor supervision, poor working conditions. etc 9/6/2011 Organizational behaviour Lesson 2 20

23. Personality Openness High : Curious, intelligent, broadminded, creative, imaginative, cultured Low : Simple, unimaginative, conventional 9/6/2011 Organizational behaviour Lesson 2 21

24. Personality Locus of control The extent to which people believe that they can control event affecting them. It may be external or internal External locus of control is the believe that one’s destiny is controlled by luck, fate, chance, or other people. Internal locus of control is the believe that one’s life is primarily controlled by one’s behaviour and actions. People with an internal locus of control have better control of the behaviour and tend to be more active politically and socially. 9/6/2011 Organizational behaviour Lesson 2 22

25. personality Machiavellian personality type A Machiavellian personality: Holds cynical views of other people’s motives Places little value on honesty Approaches the world with manipulative intent Maintains distance between themselves and others is emotionally detached from other people in their lives A person of this personality type can contribute to interpersonal conflicts, given his or her suspicious interpersonal orientation. 9/6/2011 Organizational behaviour Lesson 2 23 Source: Champoux , 2006 p111

27. has no sense of time urgency

28. Stops to review achievements

29. Has high self esteem

30. Not bother by common everyday events

31. Approaches the world more calmly than type A