Fran Lockie is a Paediatric Emergency and Retrieval physician currently based in Adelaide. He is quickly becoming a leading expert in paediatric TBI and so was the perfect person to give this talk. The audio that goes with these slides is on Intensive Care Network (www.intensivecarenetwork.com). If you like these sorts of presentations, come to Cairns Bedside Critical care this September where we've got a great line up of speakers and we're doing it all again.
Fran Lockie is a Paediatric Emergency and Retrieval physician currently based in Adelaide. He is quickly becoming a leading expert in paediatric TBI and so was the perfect person to give this talk. The audio that goes with these slides is on Intensive Care Network (www.intensivecarenetwork.com). If you like these sorts of presentations, come to Cairns Bedside Critical care this September where we've got a great line up of speakers and we're doing it all again.
Fran Lockie, provides a useful update on paediatric drowning sequalae and outcomes. This talk was recorded at Bedside Critical Care Conference.
For audio for this and similar talks, please visit www.intensivecarenetwork.com
The next BCC will be held in Cairns, 29th September - 3rd of October: http://bedsidecriticalcare.com/
1) I am Dr Md Anisur Rahman Anjum passed MBBS from Dhaka Medical College in 1987. Diploma in Ophthalmology (DO) from the then IPGM&R (now it is Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University BSMMU) in 1993. Felllowship in Ophthalmology FCPS from Bangladesh College of Physician and surgeon in 1997. I am now working as associate professor in General Ophthalmology in National Institute of Ophthalmology Dhaka Bangladesh which is the tertiary centre in eye care in Bangladesh.
These OSPE are dedicated to the postgraduate student who are decided to builds their carrier in ophthalmology. I hope that they will be benefitted if they solve these OSPE
In a surgical setting, a patient's life depends on a well-functioning multidisciplinary team. A polytruama patient presents with multifaceted complexities that only a strong collaborative effort can handle. The team approach offers critical and specialized diversities in medicine that promote fast competent care for our patients. Polytruamas present with the unique opportunity for teams to partner together and display the epitome of collaboration-saving lives. This presentation will recall the journey of the integrated care one patient received. Various disciplines such as; cardiothoracic, urology, anesthesia, orthopedics, spine, emergency trauma services (ETS), and nursing pulled together to provide exceptional care, in turn produced exceptional outcomes.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group of receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a teamof receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a team wwww.lisywomensclinic.co.za/
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
4. • Identify the condition
• Give three important aspects that you
will take care of in the transport of
such a neonate.
www.dnbpediatrics.com
5. Answers
• Exomphalos major/ omphalocele
• Transport supine with the hernia
suspended by a string
• Cover the omphalocele with a
waterproof covering
• Provide additional fluids
www.dnbpediatrics.com
6. Station 2
This male
neonate was
born with
multiple fractures
and deformities
of the limbs
www.dnbpediatrics.com
7. • Identify the condition
• How is the condition inherited?
• What is the biochemical defect?
• What are the medical treatment
options of this condition?
www.dnbpediatrics.com
8. Answers
• Osteogenesis Imperfecta
• Autosomal dominant
• Reduction in collagen formation
• a. Growth hormone
• b. Bisphosphonates/ allendronate/
pamidronate
www.dnbpediatrics.com
9. STATION 3
Study this
picture of an
8 month
infant who
developed a
rash during
the declining
phase of fever
starting with
the cheeks
www.dnbpediatrics.com
10. STATION 3
• What is the most probable diagnosis?
• What is the causative organism?
• Name two situations where infection
with this organism may be life
threatening
www.dnbpediatrics.com
11. Answers Station 3
• Erythema infectiosum/ fifth disease/
• Parvovirus B 19
a. Aplastic crisis in hemolytic anemia
b. Non-immune hydrops fetalis in fetal
infection
www.dnbpediatrics.com
12. Station 4 (Observed Station)
An 8 yr old child is known case
of IDDM for last 1 yr.
He requires 6 units of long acting
insulin and 4 units of short acting
insulin for his day.
Kindly load the syringe
with both types of insulin
www.dnbpediatrics.com
13. Material Required
• Two vials of Insulin Marked Long acting
and short acting
• Insulin Syringes
• Spirit swabs
• Two chairs one for the examiner and one
for the candidate
www.dnbpediatrics.com
14. Methodology for the Examiner
• Draw an amount of air equal to the dose of insulin
required (Long acting + Short acting) and inject into the
vial to avoid creating a vacuum. (2)
• Swab the top of the vial with spirit swab provided (1)
• Inject air into the long acting first keeping the vial
upright. (2)
• Then inject air into the short acting insulin. (2)
• Turn the vial upside down and withdraw the short
acting insulin first (2)
• Then the long-acting insulin.(1)
www.dnbpediatrics.com
16. Material Required Station 5
• Insulin Syringes
• Dummy
• BCG Vial
• Cutter
• Saline ampoules
www.dnbpediatrics.com
17. Methodology For the Examiner
• (Each step carries 2 points)
• Amount of vaccine (0.1 ml = 0.1 mg of
reconstituted vaccine) and Load in to syringe
(Breakage of vial)
• Selection of area (Left deltoid just above its
insertion)
• Don’t clean the area with spirit
• Keep the beveled end of needle up and
technique of insertion
• Don’t rub the area
www.dnbpediatrics.com
18. STATION 6
• 3 yr male child presented 3 days duration of loose stools
5 days back.
• On 2nd day onwards patient passed blood along with
stool.
• On 4th day of illness loose motions stopped but pateient
developed oliguria.
• Patient became irritable.
• Patient also had one episode of abnormal movement 1
hour back which subsided within 1 hour.
• Parents were giving ORS for past 3 days.
• Weaning was started 3 months back
• On examination – Pallor
++, petechiae, hepatomegaly, tachypnoea, oedematous,
BP – 100/60
• Mild acidosis on ABG.www.dnbpediatrics.com
19. Questions Station 6
1. Name two differential diagnosis.
2. Name surgical condition which can be
associated with above clinical picture.
3. Name three electrolyte disturbances
which can be associated with it.
4. Management plan.
5. Name common agent causing it.
www.dnbpediatrics.com
20. Answers Station 6
1 a) HUS b) AGN c) Dys-electrolytemia d)
Intussuception
2 Intussuception
3 Hyponatremia / Hypenatremia /
Hyperkalemia
4 IVF (ARF regime), PD
5 E Coli – 0157: H7
www.dnbpediatrics.com
21. Station 7
• 14 Year old female child c/o pain in abdomen for
past 10 days. She also developed vomiting /
loose motions for past 4 days.
• Patient also c/o weakness of both lower limbs
• Unable to walk past 24 hours
• On examination - Patient was
hypertensive, tachycardia +++, poor tone in both
lower limbs, power grade 2 in both LL, DTR not
elicitable.
www.dnbpediatrics.com
22. Questions Station 7
1. Write 2 differential diagnoses (2 marks)
2. Investigations revealed Na – 110 / K
4, SGPT 37, patient passed high colored
urine - What is the probable diagnosis (1
mark)
3. Suggest one investigation for diagnosis
(1 mark)
4. Treatment (1 mark)
www.dnbpediatrics.com
23. Answers Station 7
1 GBS / Ac intermittent Porphyria /
Hypokalemia
2 Ac Intr PORPHYRIA
3 Urine for Porphyria
4 Glucose / Hematin
www.dnbpediatrics.com
24. Station 8
15 year old male presented
with pain in abdomen for
past 25 days (acute intermittent,
periumblical),also developed
swelling over scrotum 6 days
back which subsided within
24 hours. Past 2 days patient is
having pain over Rt wrist with
swelling of Rt knee. Patient
also developed rash over
gluteal region. Patient was
passing red stool. Per abd
examination showed empty
Rt lower quadrant.
www.dnbpediatrics.com
25. Questions Station 8
1 Name probable diagnoses (mark 2)
2 X-ray abdomen as shown – What complication
patient has developed (mark 2)
3 Medical treatment (specific for disease – other
than blood / resuscitative fluid) (mark 1)
www.dnbpediatrics.com
28. Questions Station 9
1. Interpret this blood gas (1 mark)
2. What is normal PaO2 level expected if a child is
breathing at room air with normal lungs ? (1 mark)
3. Above mentioned ABG was taken when patient was
inspiring 60% Fio2. Choose the correct option to
describe oxygen status of the patient (1 mark)
• Corrected hypoxemia
• Under corrected Hypoxemia
• Normoxemia
• Over corrected hypoxemia
4. What is normal bicarbonate level in a normal blood gas
write unit also. (1 mark)
5. What is normal PaCo2 in normal blood gas – write unit
also. (1 mark)
www.dnbpediatrics.com
29. Answers Station 9
1. Respiratory acidosis with metabolic
compensation
2. 80-100 mmHg
3. b
4. 24mmol/L
5. 40mmHg
www.dnbpediatrics.com
30. Station 10
• A patient is admitted to the ICU with the
following lab values:
• BLOOD GASES under room air
• pH: 7.199
PCO2: 32.2
HCO3: 12
PO2: 86.6
• ELECTROLYTES, BUN & CREATININE
• Na: 136
K: 4
Cl: 103
www.dnbpediatrics.com
31. Questions Station 10
1. Describe metabolic condition (1)
2. Describe compensation (calculate
exact compensation) (1)
3. Calculate anion gap (1)
4. Name two conditions with similar
anion gap as above (2)
www.dnbpediatrics.com
32. Answers Station 10
• Metabolic acidosis with partial
compensation
• 1 bicarb fall decreases CO2 1-1.5
• Anion gap 25
• Septic shock, Inborn error (lactic
acidosis), DKA etc
www.dnbpediatrics.com
33. Station 11
5 year male child recently diagnosed as a case of AML.
TLC 57000.
Chest X Ray normal.
Hemodynamically stable with RR of 23/min.
Normotensive Pulse oximetry showed SpO2 of 98%.
ABG report
pH 7.43
PaCO2 34
PaO2 47.6 mmHg
Bicarb 24
www.dnbpediatrics.com
34. Questions Station 11
1. Above mentioned ABG was taken when
patient was inspiring at room air. Kindly
explain blood gas (1 mark).
2. Suggest measure to improve PaO2 in
above patient? (mark 1)
www.dnbpediatrics.com
35. Answers Station 11
1. Pseudo Hypoxemia due to oxygen
consumption by high TLC
2. Send sample in ICE
www.dnbpediatrics.com
36. Station 12
1. National Malaria Control Program ( NMCP) was
launched in India in_______ year
2. National Malaria Eradication Program ( NMEP) was
launched in________ year.
3. In NMEP the program was divided into 4 phases ( name
them)
4. Modified plan of operation under NMEP came into force
from______ year.
5. Endemic areas under modified plan of operation under
NMEP is defined as annual parasite index ( API) >
________.
6. Within the modified plan of operation an additional
component known as "P. falciparum containment
program" has been introduced from October
1977, through the assistance
of_________________________ agency.www.dnbpediatrics.com
37. Answers Station 12
1. 1953
2. 1958
3. a) Preparatory
b) Attack
c) Consolidation
d) Maintenance
4. 1977
5. 2
6. Swedish International Development Agency
www.dnbpediatrics.com
38. Station 13
• You are resuscitating a newborn at birth.
The baby has gasping respiration at 30
seconds after birth. Demonstrate what
steps you would take for the next 30
seconds.
www.dnbpediatrics.com
39. Checklist for examiner
(2 marks each)
1. Check Ambu Bag, mask, reservoir and
oxygen source
2. Attatch reservoir, and oxygen source
3. Correct technique of ambu bagging
4. Correct frequency of ambu bagging
5. Counting heart rate at end of 30 seconds
www.dnbpediatrics.com
40. Answer Following questions
based on X Ray seen on
STATION 14
1. What is abnormal in this X
ray?
2. What is the ideal position of
placement of umbilical arterial
and umbilical venous line?
3. After putting in a UA line, the
right lower limb appears pale.
What would you do?
4. What is the level of the renal
artery?
5. How do you maintain a UA
line? www.dnbpediatrics.com
41. Answers Station 14
1. Abnormally placed umbilical arterial line in the
subclavian artery
2. For umbilical arterial line - High: Between T7-
T10; Low: Between L2-L3
• For umbilical vein - Just above the diaphragm
3. Warm the other limb; If still pale >1/2
hour, remove the UA line
4. L-1
5. Use heparin infusion at rate of 0.5-1.0 Unit per
hour
www.dnbpediatrics.com
42. Station 15
• A newborn presents on day 2 of life with
seizures. Write first 5 steps of
management in sequential order.
www.dnbpediatrics.com
43. Answers Station 15
1. Management of the airway, breathing and circulation
2. Do the blood sugar; If < 40mg%, give a bolus of 2ml/kg
of D10%; If >40 proceed to next step
3. Take sample for S. calcium; Give Inj. Calcium gluconate
2ml/kg 1:1 diluted. If seizures do not subside, proceed
to next step
4. Give Inj. Phenobarbitone in a dose of 20mg/kg as a
slow iv injection. If seizures do not subside proceed to
next step.
5. Repeat Inj. Phenobarbitone in a dose of 10mg/kg after
half hour of the first injection.
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45. Answer Station 16
• Right parietal lobe edema with midline
shift.
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46. Station 17
• 2 year old female presents with seizures
• GCS 6
• HR 60/MIN
• Irregular respiration
• Normotensive with CT scan already shown –
1. What is the Immediate management.
2. Drug which can help the patient (assuming he is
normotensive )
3. What is the most common electrolyte disturbance
associated with above patient?
4. Which parasitic infection can mimic this condition?
www.dnbpediatrics.com
48. Station 18
1. When was National tuberculosis control program
started?
2. When was Revised National tuberculosis control
program was started?
Fill in the blanks
3. Under RNTCP treatment services will be made most
assessable to the patients with a view to achieve a
cure rate of at least ______________% amongst all
newly detected sputum positive cases .
4. In tuberculosis control program DTC stands for
_____________________________________________
_______
5. One tuberculosis unit will function as managerial
unit for __________________ million population
www.dnbpediatrics.com
49. Answers Station 18
1. 1962
2. District tuberculosis center
3. 1992
4. 85%
5. 0.3 – 0.5 million
www.dnbpediatrics.com
51. Questions Station 19
• Define this problem (ECG diagnosis)
and immediate management after ABC
(Initial resuscitation), patient without
pulses (2 mark)
• Name common metabolic problems
related with above diagnosis and drug of
choice for antagonizing the described
metabolic effect. (1 mark)
www.dnbpediatrics.com
55. Station 21
1. Mention one indication other than antifungal agent
2. Maximum intravenous dose (mg / kg / day) – Do not
mention total cumulative dose
3. Amphotericin B can be give through oral route
True / false
4. Most common side effect of Amphotericin B therapy
(Name the system effected)
5. Which of the following is not the side effect of
Amphotericin B
a. Hypokalemia
b. Hyperkalemia
c. Hypomagnesemia
d. Hypermagnesemia
www.dnbpediatrics.com
56. Answers Station 21
1. LEISHMANIASIS / Echinococcus
multilocularis
2. 1.5 mg / kg day
3. True
4. Renal
5. d
www.dnbpediatrics.com
61. Questions Station 23
1. Identify the abnormality in this
Karyotype
2. Give the description of karyotype
47,XY,+21? What does it mean?
www.dnbpediatrics.com
62. 1. It’s a karyotype of Down syndrome
2. The key to the karyotype description is as follows:
47: the total number of chromosomes
XY: Is the sex chromosomes (Male)
+21: Designates the extra chromosome as a 21
ANSWERS STATION 23
www.dnbpediatrics.com
64. Questions Station 24
1. Identify the spot with its grade
2. Give the grades of clubbing
www.dnbpediatrics.com
65. 1. Grade 4 or 5 clubbing
2. Grade 1- Fluctuation and softening of the nail bed
Grade 2- Loss of normal angle
Grade 3- Accentuated convexity of the nail
Grade 4- Broadened terminal pulp of the digit
Grade 5- Shiny and glossy changes in the nail and
adjacent skin
ANSWERS STATION 24
www.dnbpediatrics.com
66. Station 25
• 7 year old male child presents with cough
10 days, fever 5 days, fast breathing one
day. Examine respiratory system of this
child?
www.dnbpediatrics.com
67. Answers Station 25
• Points to be noted
• Took permission from mother & child (1
mark)
• Undressed the patient? (1 mark)
• Examined the patient from head end or
foot end for respiration? (1 mark)
• Palpated for tracheal deviation (1 mark)
• Percussed gently and followed rules of
percussion (1 mark)
www.dnbpediatrics.com
68. Station 26
• HISTORY TAKING
• A 2 yr old child presents to emergency
department with severe pallor. Take the
history of the child from mother.
www.dnbpediatrics.com
69. Answers Station 26
• Introduces himself and tries to make the mother comfortable 0.5
marks
• Asks onset sudden or gradual 1 mark
• History of bleeding or bluish spots 1 mark
• History of associated symptoms: fever, failure to thrive 1 mark
• Recurrent blood transfusions 1 mark
• History of associated jaundice 1 mark
• History of worm infestation 0.5 mark
• Birth history 0.5 mark
• Community and religion and history of consanguinity 1 mark
• Dietary history 1 mark
• Family history 0.5 mark
• Drug history 1 mark
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71. Question Station 27
• What is your diagnosis?
• What is the drug used to treat this
condition?
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72. Station 28
1. Define Median, 1st Quartile and 3rd
Quartile.
2. What is the difference between Rate and
Ratio
3. What is the basic difference between a
‘Case control’ and ‘Cohort’ Study design
4. What is the difference between Incidence
and Prevalence
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73. Answers Station 28
1. If the observations are arranged in ascending or descending order:
Median: 50% observations are below and 50% above this value
1st Quartile: 25% observations are below and 75% above this
value
3rd Quartile: 75% observations are below and 25% above this
value
2. Rate: Numerator is part of denominator
Ratio: Numerator is NOT part of denominator
3. Case Control study is Retrospective and Cohort Study is
Prospective
4. Incidence: The number of NEW cases occurring in defined
population during a specified period of time.
Prevalence: Number of all cases old or new at a given point of time
or over a period of time in a given population
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74. Station 29
Interpret the following statement:
• In a RCT the ‘odds’ of developing HMD
were 0.55 (95% CI 0.3 – 2.1) in infants
whose mothers were given ‘Antenatal
Steroids’.
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75. Answers Station 29
• In infants of mothers who had received
antenatal steroids the chances of
developing HMD are 45% less as
compared to those whose mother had not
received antenatal steroids. However, the
95% Confidence intervals are not
significant
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