This document discusses body mass index and the causes and dangers of being overweight and underweight. It defines BMI and categories of underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese. Being overweight increases the risk of health issues like diabetes and hypertension due to consuming more calories than expended. Treatments for overweight include reducing portion sizes, choosing low-calorie foods, exercising, and making long-term lifestyle changes. Underweight can be dangerous as well and may require a high-calorie diet and counseling to address physical or psychological causes. Maintaining a healthy weight requires energy balance through diet and exercise.

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2. Objectives
- Discuss the causes and dangers of
overweight.
- Discuss the causes and dangers of
underweight.
- Identify foods suitable for high-calorie
diets and those suitable for low-calorie
diets.
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3. Body Mass Index:
- Is a measure of body fat based on height
and weight that applies to adult men and
women.
- Obtained by dividing weight in kilograms
by height in meters squared
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4. mass(kg)
BMI= -----------------
(Height (m))2
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5. - A BMI of 18.5 to 25 may indicate optimal
weight
- A BMI lower than 18.5 suggests the
person is underweight
- A number above 25 may indicate the
person is overweight
- And a number above 30 suggests the
person is obese.
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6. Fat Distribution
- Fat in the abdominal cavity is associated
with a greater risk for hypertension,
diabetes, coronary heart disease, type 2
diabetes, and certain types of cancer than
fat in the thigh, buttocks, and hip area.
- A person with a pear-shaped body has a
lower risk for disease than someone with an
apple-shaped body.
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8. Overweight and Obesity
- Overweight is a serious health hazard.
- It increases susceptibility to diabetes
mellitus and hypertension, and to other
health problems as well.
- Energy imbalance is a significant cause.
(More calories taken in than used)
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9. Overweight = Energy Imbalance
Fewer calories
expended or
used
More calories
taken in
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10. Causes of Obesity
- Lack of Energy Balance
- An Inactive Lifestyle
- Environment
- Genes and family history
- Health condition
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11. - Drugs and hormones
- Age
- Emotional factor
- Pregnancy
- Lack of sleep
- Portion size
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12. Treatment of obesity:
1- Dietary Treatment of obesity
- Reduce portion size and caloric intake.
- Diet based on MyPyramid
- Diet should consist of 10%–35% protein,
45%–65% carbohydrate, and 20%–35% or less
fat.
- Key is changing eating habits and exercising
for 90 minutes on most days of the week.
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13. 2- Food Selection
- Fat-free milk
- Yogurt or low-fat sour
- Fat-free salad
- Fruit for rich appetizers or desserts
- Water-packed canned foods rather than
those packed in oil or syrup
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14. 3- Cooking Methods
- Trim fat from meat before cooking.
- Skim fat from the tops of soups and meat
dishes.
- Avoid addition of extra butter or
margarine and replace with fat-free
seasonings.
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15. 4- Exercise
- Aerobic exercise helps tone muscles and
burns calories
- To prevent chronic diseases: 30 minutes
most days
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16. - To prevent weight gain: 60–90 minutes on
most days
- To maintain weight loss: over 90 minutes
on most days
- Children should be active for 60 minutes
daily.
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17. Underweight
- Causes can be poor nutrition,
psychological or physical conditions, or
genetics
- Treated with a high-calorie diet combined
with counseling if the cause is
psychological
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18. - It can be as difficult for an underweight
person to gain weight as it is for an
overweight person to lose it.
- Extra calories must be introduced
progressively.
- Easily digested food is recommended.
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19. Conclusion
- The health care professional must support
and encourage the client regarding weight
control.
- Excessive weight endangers health and
should be lost using a restricted-calorie diet
based on MyPyramid.
- Excess weight is caused by an energy
imbalance.
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20. - Underweight is also dangerous to health,
and psychological counseling, as well as a
high-calorie diet, may be required for
proper treatment.
- Behavior modification is an essential
component of any weight-loss or weight-
gain regimen.
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21. Thank
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