This document summarizes key information about vitamins, including: - It defines fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins, and lists the vitamins in each group. - It describes the functions of vitamins, food sources, and deficiency symptoms for Vitamins A, D, and E. Vitamin A supports vision and immune function, while Vitamins D and E promote bone and heart health. - Risk groups for deficiencies include alcoholics, those in poverty or with illnesses impacting appetite. Proper food handling helps retain vitamin content.

2. Objectives:-
- State functions of each vitamin.
- Identify at least two food sources of each
vitamin.
- Identify the symptoms of vitamin
deficiency.

3. Types of vitamins:
- Fat-soluble vitamins include (A, D, E, K)
- Water-soluble vitamins include {Vitamin
C, Vitamin B complex which include:
thiamin (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin,
vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12
(cobalamin), pantothenic acid, biotin}

4. What is a Vitamin?
- Is an Organic compounds that are
essential in small amounts for body
processes
- Do not provide energy (like fats, carbs,
and protein)

5. - Body cannot manufacture it, so must be
supplied in food
- Enable the body to use the energy
provided by fats, carbohydrates, and
proteins

6. - Some may be classified as hormones (Vit D)
- Some may be classified as coenzymes (B
complex group)
- Vitamins can be destroyed by heat, light, air,
water

7. Risk group to vitamin deficiency:
- Alcoholics
- Poverty
- Clients with serious diseases that affect
appetite
- Mentally retarded
- Children receiving inadequate care

8. To avoiding Vitamin Loss we should
- Buy fresh vegetables and fruits and use them
raw when possible.
- Prepare fresh vegetables and fruits just before
serving.

9. - Cover pan and cook for a short period of
time.
- Store fruits and vegetables in a cool, dark
place.
- Follow package directions when cooking
frozen vegetables or fruit.

10. Fat-Soluble Vitamins
- Vitamins A, D, E, K
- Not lost easily in cooking
- Lost when mineral oil is ingested
- Excess amounts are stored in the liver.
- Deficiencies are slow to appear.

11. Vitamin A
- Retinol is the active form of vitamin A
- The natural form of Vit A found only
in animal foods; usually in fat; also
dairy foods, egg yolk, fish

12. Functions of Vitamin A
- Maintains health of specialized tissues
such as retina and skin
- Normal bone growth and reproduction
- Healthy immune system
- Antioxidants that protect cells from free
radicals (damage)

14. Signs and symptoms of vitamin A
excess:
- Birth defects
- hair loss
- dry skin

15. - Headaches
- nausea
- dry mucous membranes
- liver damage
- bone and joint pain

16. signs and symptoms of vitamin A
deficiency
- Night blindness
- dry, rough skin,
- increased susceptibility to infections
- blindness

18. Vitamin D
It is converted to a hormone in the body
(Prohormone)
D3 (cholecalciferol) is formed in humans
from cholesterol in the skin as a response
to sunlight; also in milk, cereals, juice

19. Functions of Vitamin D
- Promotes calcium and phosphorus
absorption in the body
- Promotes bone mineralization
- Maintains blood calcium at the normal
level
- Rate of cell growth; control of abnormal
cell proliferation

20. - Promotes Muscle strength
- Promotes Immune function
- Maintains Insulin levels
- Prevent from Hypertension and
Cardiovascular disease

21. Sources of Vitamin D
- Sunlight: changes provitamin to vitamin D3
- Food sources: milk, some fruit juices, fatty
fish, fish liver oils, egg yolk, butter.

23. Signs and symptoms of vitamin D excess
- Deposits of calcium and phosphorus in
soft tissues
- kidney and heart damage
- bone fragility

24. Signs and symptoms of vitamin D
deficiency
- Poor bone and tooth formation,
- Rickets which causes malformed
bones and pain in infants
- Osteomalacia (softening of bones)
- Osteoporosis (brittle, porous bones)

25. The 25-hydroxy vitamin D test is the most
accurate way to measure how much
vitamin D is in your body
The normal range is 30.0 to 74.0
nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL).

26. 7-26

28. Thank