Nutraceuticals is a substance that may be considered a food or part of a food which provides medical or health benefits, encompassing prevention and treatment of disease.

1. NUTRACEUTICALS
Prepared by: Ms. Sweta Kamboj
Assistant Professor
GGSCOP, Yamuna Nagar
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2. Nutraceutical • The term “Nutraceutical” was
coined from “Nutrition” &
“Pharmaceutical” in 1989 by
Stephen DeFelice, MD,
Founder and Chairman of the
Foundation for Innovation in
Medicine (FIM).

3. • Nutraceutical can be defined as “ A food or part of
food or nutrient, that provides health benefits,
including the prevention and treatment of a
disease.”
• Most of the disease such as diabetes,
cardiovascular, obesity, etc occur due to incorrect
diet and lifestyle.

4. Global
Market
Overview
and Growth
of
Nutraceutical
Segment
• The nutraceutical market is predicted to
record a revenue of USD 671.30 billion by
2024.
• Developing countries have a high prevalence
of non-communicable diseases like cancer,
diabetes, cardiovascular ailments, etc
therefore demand for nutraceuticals is
expected to rise in these nations.
• Nutraceuticals have become a part of daily
life due to increased risk of diseases.
• Increasing healthcare expenses are also
stimulating the demand for nutraceuticals
• Nutraceuticals have become an opportunity
for economic growth of many developing
countries which have a rich source of
medicinal herbs and traditional knowledge of
such plants, especially India, China and
South American countries.

6. Scope of
Nutraceuticals
• Nutraceuticals are expected to deliver promising
outcomes in the prevention and occurrence of
various diseases resulting due to improper lifestyle
and food habits.
• Some plants like catechins, carotenoids, lycopene,
polyphenols, PUFA, etc have been very effective
in the prevention and occurrence of various
diseases.

7. • Nutraceuticals
• Cardiovascular
• Allergic conditions
• Arthritis
• Antidiabetic
• Cancer
• Inflammation
• Gastrointestinal disease
• Oxidative stress
• joint health
• eye health etc.

8. Type of Nutraceutical products
available in the market
Nutraceuticals
Functional foods
Cereals
Bakery & Confectionary
Dairy
Snacks
Functional Fats, oils
Baby Foods
Functional beverages
Energy Drinks
Sports Drinks
Fortified juices
Dairy & Dairy beverages
Tea, Coffee
Dietary Supplements
Vitamins
Minerals
Botanicals
Enzymes
Fatty acids
Proteins
Probiotics
Prebiotics

9. Role of Nutraceuticals in various
diseases

10. HEALTH
BENEFITS
OF
DIFFERENT
COMMON
NUTRIENTS
• VITAMINS
• Fat Soluble Vitamins
• Vitamin A: Acts as antioxidant, essential
for growth and development, maintains
healthy vision, skin and mucous
membranes, may aid in the prevention
and treatment of certain cancers and in
the treatment of certain skin disorders.

11. Vitamin D: Essential for formation
of bones and teeth, helps the
body to absorb and use calcium
Vitamin E: Antioxidant, helps to
form blood cells, boosts immune
system
Vitamin K: Essential for blood
clotting

12. WATER
SOLUBLE
VITAMINS
Vitamin C: Antioxidant, necessary
for healthy bones, gums, teeth and
skin. Helps in wound healing,
prevent from common cold
Vitamin B 1: Helps in carbohydrate
metabolism, essential for
neurological function.
Vitamin B 2: Energy metabolism,
maintain healthy eye, skin and
nerve function.

13. Vitamin B 3: Energy metabolism, brain
function
Vitamin B 6: Helps to produce essential
proteins, convert proteins to energy
Vitamin B 12: Help in producing genetic
material, formation of RBC, maintenance
of CNS, synthesis of amino acids, involved
in metabolism of protein, fat and
carbohydrate.

14. Folic acid: Helps in RBC
formation, formation of
genetic material of cell, very
much essential during
pregnancy
Pantothenic acid: Aids in
synthesis of cholesterol,
steroids, and fatty acids,
crucial for intraneuronal
synthesis of acetylcholine

15. VITAMINS LIKE
COMPOUNDS
L- Carnitine: Helps in oxidation of fatty acids, role in
oxidative phosphorylation,
Choline: Lipotropic agent, used to treat fatty liver
and disturbed fat metabolism,
Inositol: For amino acid transport and movement of
Potassium and sodium,
Taurine: Helps in retinal photoreceptor activity, bile
acid conjugation, WBC antioxidant activity, CNS
neuromodulation, platelet aggregation, cardiac
contractibility, sperm motility, insuline activity,

16. MINERALS
Calcium: essential for bone and teeth, maintaining bone strength, nerve,
muscle and glandular function, blood clotting,
Iron: energy production, Hb, oxygen transport,
Magnesium: for healthy nerve and muscle function, bone formation,
Phosphorous: energy production, phosphorylation process, bone and teeth,
for genetic material,
Cobalt: component of Vit. B 12 and B 12 coenzymes,
Copper: Hb and collagen production, function of heart, energy production,
absorption of Iron,
Iodine: proper function of Thyroid gland,
Chromium: with insulin it helps in conversion of carbohydrate and fat into
energy, treatment of diabetes,
Selenium: Antioxidant, functioning of heart muscle, part of GPX enzyme,
Zinc: Essential for cell reproduction, for development in Neonates, wound
healing, production of sperm and testosterone hormone,

17. HERBALS
Aloe vera: Anti-inflammatory,
emollient, wound healing,
Evening Primrose oil: Dietary
supplement of linoleic acid, treatment
of atopic eczema,
Garlic: Antibacterial, antifungal,
antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory,
Ginger: carminative, antiemetic,
treatment of dizziness

18. Ginseng: Adaptogen,
Green tea: Antioxidant, reduces risk of CVD, enhances
humoral and cell mediated Immunity,
Vegetables, fruits, whole grain, herbs, nuts and various
seeds contain an abundance of phenolic compounds,
terpenoids, sulphur compounds, pigments etc. that has
been associated with protection / treatment of certain
disease conditions,

19. Classification
of
Nutraceuticals
Minerals
Antioxidants
PUFA,s
Probiotics
Prebiotics
Dietary Fibers

20. • Minerals: Calcium Magnesium, Boron,
Copper, zinc, Phosphorous, etc.
• Antioxidants: They are present in fruits,
vegetables and fishes. They are used to
prevent the reactive oxygen species E.g.-
Vit-E, C,A, Beta carotene.
• PUFA,s: These are fatty acids which
contain more than one double bond and
include essential fatty acids. E.g:
Omega-3 fatty acids, Corn oil, soyabean
oil, Fish oil.
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21. • Probiotics: These are living microorganisms, which taken
with or without food. E.g., Lacto bacilli, Bifido Bacterium
etc.
• Prebiotics: These are non-digestible substances that provide
beneficial effects and protection to the prebiotics from gastric
acid and digestive enzymes. E.g.,
Oligofructose, Inulin, Lactulose etc.
• Dietary Fibers: They are two types-water soluble and water
insoluble. Present in fruits, vegetables, grains etc. Used to
correct constipation, bowel irregularities.
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22. Herbs As
Health Food
Alfala:
• Source- entire plant of Medicago
sativa belonging to the family:
Fabaceae
• Chemical constituents: Leaves,
Sprouts and seed contain vitamin-
K, vitamin-C, Copper, manganese,
folate, thiamine, riboflavin,
Potassium, magnesium and iron,
bioactive compounds like saponins,
coumarins, flavonoids,
phytosterols, phytoestrogens and
alkaloids.

23. Uses:
Antioxidant
Anti-diabetic
Diuretic
Anti-arthritic
To treat kidney stones
Anti-hypertension
Stomach upset
Asthma
Increase urine flow
High Cholesterol

24. Chicory
• Source: It is obtained
from the plant Cichorium
intybus, belonging to the
family: Asteraceae.
• Chemical Constituents:
It contain variety of
nutrients which include
carbohydrates, proteins,
vitamins, minerals, soluble
fiber, inulin, coumarins,
tannins, monomeric
flavonoids, beta carotene.
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26. Ginger
• Source: It is dried rhizomes of Zingiber officinate,
belonging to family: Zingiberacea.
• Chemical Constituents: It contain volatile oils,
minerals, resins, ginger oil contain zingiberine,
bisaboline, farnesene etc.
• Uses:
Stomachine
Aromatic
Carminative
Stimulant
Flavouring agent
Diabetes
Anti-bacterial
Anti-viral
Constipation
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27. Fenugreek • Source: It consists of seeds of the
plant Trigonella Foenum-graecum,
belonging to the family:
Leguminosae.
• Chemical Constituents: It
contains alkaloids, Coumarins,
proteins, flavonoids, Amino acids
and steroidal saponins.
• Uses:
Demulcent
Nutritive
Expectorant
Laxative
Inflammation
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28. Ginseng
• Source: It contains root of the
plant Panax ginseng and other
species of Panax, Comes from the
family Araliaceae.
• Chemical Constituents:
Ginseng contains saponins,
glycosides, volatile oils, sterols,
polysaccharides, minerals,
vitamin-B1, B2, B12,
Pantothenic acid and biotin.
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29. Uses:
Blood Conditions
Child Psychiatric disorder
Brain &Nervous system
Cardiovascular
Immune system
Gastrointestinal
Inflammatory
Respiratory tract
Menstruation
Diabetes
Stress relief and fatigue

30. Ashwagandha
• Source: It contains of dried
roots and stem bases of the
plant Withania somnifera,
and family Solanaceae.
• Chemical Constituents:
It contains alkaloids and
steroidal lactones. Alkaloids
contain withanine,
somniferine, tropine, somnie,
two acyl steryl glucosides
sitoindosine-7 and
sitoindosine-8.
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31. Uses:
Sedative
Anti-stress agent
Respiratory stimulant
Anti arthritic
Immunomodulatory agent

32. Spirulina
• Source: It is blue green algae obtained from
Spirulina maxima or spirulina platensis, comes
to the family Oscillatoriaceae.
• Chemical Constituents: 50-70% proteins, 5-6%
lipids. Lipids contain essential fatty acids like
linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid. It also
contain glycolipids and sulfolipids, various
vitamins like vitamin-B1, B2,B3,B6,B12 and E3.
It contain iron and an enzyme superoxide
dimutase which has free redical scavenging
effects and help in arthritis, diabetes, cataract,
stress and aging.

33. Uses:
Immune stimulant
Anticancer
Antiviral
Appetite stimulant
Hypocholestremic

34. Garlic
• Source: It consists of dried bulbs of Allium
sativum, belonging to the family: Liliaceae
• Chemical Constituents: Garlic contains,
carbohydrates, proteins, fats, mucilage, volatile
oils and minerals. Volatile oil contain allin,
allicin, allyl prophyl disulfide, diallyl disulfide.
Minerals contain phosphorous, iron and
copper.

35. Uses:
Carminative
Expectorant
Stimulant
Disinfectant
Anthilmintic
Antibacterial
Antihypertensive
Hypocholestremic

36. Honey
• Source: Honey is a sugar like
secretion deposited in honeycomb
by the bees Apis mellifera, Apis
dorsata and other species of Apis,
belonging to family: Apidae.
• Chemical Constituents: Honey
is an aqueous solution
containing 35% glucose, 45 %
fructose and 2% sucrose.
• Uses: demulcent, sweeting agent,
nutrient, antiseptic and
expectorant
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37. Amla
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38. Herb-Drug
& Herb
Food
Interactions
• Drug interaction is a reaction
between two or more drugs or
between a drug and a food
beverage or supplement inside the
body. A drug interaction can
make the drug less effective,
increased activity or cause
unwanted side effects.

39. Types of
Drug
Interaction
Drug-Drug
interactions
Drug- Food
interactions
Drug- Disease
interactions

40. Drug-drug
interaction
More the medications administered,
greater is the chance of drugs
interacting with each other. One drug
may potentiate the activity of
another or inhibit its activity or
serious unexpected side effects may
occur.
Eg: Vicodin a pain killer when taken
along with sedating antihistamine
drug, Benadryl produce an additive
effect of drowsiness.

41. Drug-Food
interaction
Drug interaction where drugs interact
with Food/beverages and can produce
various side effects.
Eg: grape juice reduces the enzyme
activity in liver that is responsible
for metabolising drugs thus resulting in
increased blood levels of certain drugs
such as cholesterol lowering drugs, this
leads to toxic effects of the drug such
as muscle pain and muscle injury.

42. Drug-
disease
interaction
Sometimes drugs also interact
with certain diseases where the
disease alter the way a drug
works.
Pseudoephedrine,
phenylephrine may increase the
blood pressure and can be
dangerous in patients having
hypertension.

43. Mechanism
of Drug
Interaction
• Drug interactions can occur in several
different ways starting from its absorption
up to its elimination from the body.
Following are the various mechanisms by
which drugs interact.
Pharmacodynamic
Pharmacokinetic- Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion

44. Pharmacodynamic
interaction
This occurs when two or more
drugs administered together act
at the similar receptor sites
leading to enhancement( additive
or synergistic) effects
or decreased(antagonistic)
effects.
Eg: Chlorpromazine given to
prevent nausea and vomiting
interacts with antipsychotic
medications like haloperidol and
produce serious and possible fatal
irregular cardiac rhythm.

45. Pharmacokinetic
interaction
• Absorption interactions: Some drugs
can alter the absorption of another
drugs.
• Eg: Calcium can bind with some
drugs like tetracycline and HIV
drug dolutegravir and block its
absorption, hence such drugs should
not be taken with milk and antacids.

46. Distribution
interactions
One or more drugs can compete with
each other for plasma protein binding
sites resulting in displacement of one
drug thereby increasing its blood
levels and toxicity.
Eg: Fenofibric acid (cholesterol
lowering agent ) and Warfarin (blood
thinner) when adminstered together,
compete for the protein binding
sites leading to displacement and
increased blood levels of warfarin
thus resulting in bleeding.

47. Metabolism
interactions
Enzymes like cytochromes are
responsible for metabolising drugs and
eliminating them from body. Some
drugs may alter the enzyme levels or its
activity resulting in fast or slow
metabolism of drugs.
Eg: Diltiazem (anti-
hypertensive) inhibit the cytochrome
enzyme that is responsible
for metabolising simvastatin
(hypocholestremic) and elevates blood
level resulting in serious liver and
muscle side effects.

48. Excretion
Interaction • Some (NSAID,s) like
indomethacin may lower the
kidney function and reduce the
excretion of lithium, a drug
used for bipolar disorders.

49. Herb-Drug/Food Interaction
• Herbal supplements are not subject to review by the FDA and their use can
often be risky when taken along with other drugs or foods. Following are the
general guidelines which help minimizing herb-drug or herb-food
interactions.
• Spicy substance such as ginger, capsicum etc. can enhance the absorption
rate of some drugs, hence they need to be taken one hour after drug
administration.
• Heart tonic herbs like hawthorn, digitalis, cactus should be avoided when
taking heart medications.
• When taking heart medications, antidepressants drugs the caffeine containing
herbs should be avoided.
• When taking diuretics like Furosemide the liquorice containing herb or
formulation should be avoided.

50. Some common herbs,
their possible side effects
and interactions
• Hypericum perforatum: St. John's wort is a
plant with yellow, star-shaped flowers and five
petals that grows in Europe, North and South
America, Australia, New Zealand, and Eastern
Asia.
• St. John's wort might cause serious interactions
with some medications.
• St. John's wort is most commonly used for
depression and symptoms that sometimes go
along with mood such as nervousness, tiredness,
poor appetite, and trouble sleeping.
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51. • The active constituent of this herb
is known as hypericin, which has
similar effects on the brain as that
of mono amino oxidase (MAO)
inhibitors (antidepressants).
• If taken together, it may
produce dangerous drug
interactions resulting in rapid rise
in blood pressure, severe headache,
collapse and death.
• Foods such as cheese, chicken
liver, fish, beer should be avoided
with this drug.
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52. KAVA(Piper
methysticum)
• Kava is a beverage or extract that is
made from Piper methysticum, a
plant native to the western Pacific
islands. The name "kava" comes
from the Polynesian word "awa,"
which means bitter.
• It has antianxiety, pain relieving,
muscle relaxing and anticonvulsant
effects.
• When taking drugs which act on
nervous system such
as barbiturates, antidepressants,
antipsychotics and alcohol should
be avoided Kava.

53. Ginkgo biloba
• Ginkgo is a large tree with fan-shaped
leaves. Ginkgo leaf is often taken by mouth
for memory disorders including Alzheimer's
disease. It is also used for conditions that seem
to be due to reduced blood flow in the brain,
especially in older people. These conditions
include memory loss, dizziness, difficulty
concentrating, and mood disturbances.
• Some people use it for leg pain when walking
related to poor blood flow.
• Ginkgo seeds contain substances that might
kill the bacteria and fungi that cause infections
in the body.
• The seeds also contain a toxin that can cause
serious side effects like seizures and loss of
consciousness.
• Ginkago should be avoided in patients who
are on anticonvvulsants, blood thinners and
antidiabetic drugs.
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54. Ginseng( Panax
ginseng)
• Panax ginseng is a plant that grows in Korea, northeastern China, and
far eastern Siberia. People use the root to make medicine.
• Panax ginseng is also used for depression anxiety, general fatigue and
chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), multiple sclerosis for boosting the
immune system, and for fighting particular infections in a lung
disease called cystic fibrosis.
• Some people use Panax ginseng to treat breast cancer and prevent
ovarian cancer, liver cancer, skin cancer Other uses include treatment
of anemia, chronic bronchitis, swine flu, prediabetes and diabetes,
inflammation of the stomach lining (gastritis), fever.
• Panax ginseng is used to make soaps, cosmetics, and as a flavoring in
beverages.
• It is also reported to affect the activity of antidiabetic drugs, they
should be avoided in such cases.

55. Garlic (Allium sativum)
• Garlic is used in various conditions like to lower
blood sugar levels, reduce menstrual pain, lowering
blood cholesterol levels, decrease blood
pressure, heart attack.
• Garlic does not interact with drugs at normal
recommended doses, however exposure to
concentrated garlic extracts for prolonged periods is
reported to interact with several drugs.
• Some people use garlic to prevent colon cancer, rectal
cancer, stomach cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer,
multiple myeloma, and lung cancer.
• Garlic should be avoided when taking blood thinning
agents like aspirin and warfarin.
• Garlic alter the blood sugar level, hence used under
supervision on patents with anti-diabetics.

56. Pepper (piper nigrum)
• Black pepper and white pepper are made from the
Piper nigrum plant. Black pepper is ground from
dried, whole unripe fruit. White pepper is ground
from dried, ripe fruit that has had the outer layer
removed.
• The black pepper and white pepper powder are
used to make medicine. People take black pepper
for stomach upset, bronchitis, and cancer. They
take white pepper for stomach upset, malaria,
cholera, and cancer.
• Black pepper is sometimes applied directly to the
skin for treating nerve pain (neuralgia) and a skin
disease called scabies.
• Black and white pepper might help fight germs
(microbes) and cause the stomach to increase the
flow of digestive juices.
• Black pepper might also increase the blood
levels thereby enhancing the effects as well as the
side effects of anti-cancer drugs, anti-
hypertensive, anti-convulsant and
some antibiotics.
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57. Ephedra( Ephedra
gerardiana)
• Ephedra is used to treat allergies, high fever
and respiratory tract conditions like
bronchspasm, asthma and bronchitis.
• Ephedra contains ephedrine which is a potent
drug and stimulates heart, lungs and nervous
system.
• Ephedra may reduce the effectiveness of
antihypertensives and could rise the blood
pressure.
• Ephedra should be avoided with blood
thinning medications such as aspirin and
warfarin.
• Overdose or improper use of ephedra results in
various effects like high blood pressure, heart
attack, muscle disorders, seizures, stroke, loss
of consciousness and death.
• Ephedra may interact with anti-depressants
like imipramine, clomipramine, MAO
inhibitors and enhance their effects.
• Ephedra contains ephedrine which is a potent
drug and stimulates heart, lungs and nervous
system.
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