The document discusses the nurse-patient relationship and the therapeutic relationship. It defines the nurse-patient relationship as the foundation of nursing care and one where both parties see each other as unique individuals. The therapeutic relationship is goal-oriented and aims to help the patient regain inner strength and cope with life challenges. The summary describes the different types of relationships, phases of the nurse-patient relationship including pre-orientation, orientation, working, and termination phases, and conditions needed for a therapeutic relationship like trust, empathy and respect.
Few would disagree that nursing is one of the most underrated professions in modern times. Being a nurse isn’t easy. In fact, it is a field that can be extremely demanding and even unforgiving to those who pursue it. Being around the ailing and the frazzled for long hours and dealing with them patiently day after day can be challenging, to say the least.
we communicate when we talk and also when we don't talk. the sharing of ideas, thoughts, perceptions, belief between two individuals (client and nurse) which will help nurse to provide effective care and treatment to the client.
Few would disagree that nursing is one of the most underrated professions in modern times. Being a nurse isn’t easy. In fact, it is a field that can be extremely demanding and even unforgiving to those who pursue it. Being around the ailing and the frazzled for long hours and dealing with them patiently day after day can be challenging, to say the least.
we communicate when we talk and also when we don't talk. the sharing of ideas, thoughts, perceptions, belief between two individuals (client and nurse) which will help nurse to provide effective care and treatment to the client.
gud evening guys
this is descrive you that this ppt is making very simple way and i hope this will help you to understand lightky about nursing theories
A health assessment is a plan of care that identifies the specific needs of a person and how those needs will be addressed by the healthcare system or skilled nursing facility. Health assessment is the evaluation of the health status by performing a physical exam after taking a health history.
gud evening guys
this is descrive you that this ppt is making very simple way and i hope this will help you to understand lightky about nursing theories
A health assessment is a plan of care that identifies the specific needs of a person and how those needs will be addressed by the healthcare system or skilled nursing facility. Health assessment is the evaluation of the health status by performing a physical exam after taking a health history.
Effective Communication in Nursing is very essential to meet not only the expectation of patients toward Healthcare services but also to help achieve departmental or organizational goals and objectives.
Miscommunication is one of the leading causes of medical errors that may bring harm or permanent damage to patients. Emphasizing the use of effective communication in the healthcare setting lessen the occurrence of such errors.
History of development of Nursing ProfessionsAnamika Ramawat
History of development of Nursing Professions, Characteristics, Criteria of the Nursing Profession, Perspective of Nursing Profession- National and Global Level
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
2. INTRODUCTION
The nurse-client relationship is the
foundation upon which nursing care is
established.
It is a relationship in which both
participants must recognize each other as
unique and important human beings.
It is also a relationship in which mutual
learning occurs.
4. THERAPEUTIC NURSE
CLIENT/PATIENT RELATIONSHIP
Definition of relationship:
It is defined as a state of being related or state affinity(liking) between
two individuals. Example- friendship and colleagues.
Definition therapeutic relationship:
It is a relationship where the nurse and client work together towards
the goal of assisting the client to regain the inner resources to meet life
challenges and facilitate growth of health.
6. Social
• most common
type
• btwn 2 individuals
in every day life
• no predetermined
goal or focus
• Continuation is
not determined at
the onset
• may last for
months or years
• Ex: Platonic
friends, work
colleagues and
neighbors.
Intimate
• btwn 2 individuals
committed to one
another, caring for,
respecting and loving
each other
According to Erickson.
The ability to develop an
intimate relationship with
an adult of the opposite
sex depends on
completing
developmental task
• Ex:Marriage and other
partner type
Therapeutic
• professional
relationship
• N-P work together
• goal oriented
7. THERAPEUTIC RELATIONSHIP:
– It is goal oriented, interaction is
purposefully established, maintained
and carried out with the anticipated
outcome of the helping the client gain
coping and adaptation skills in living life.
– In this client regain the inner resources
to meet the challenges and facilitates
personal growth.
8. The nurse – client relationship establishes from a series of interaction between a nurse
and client over a period of time, with the nurse focusing on the needs and problems of
the person family group while using scientific knowledge and special skills of the
nursing profession.
First relationship defined between the client and
nurse. The relationship can emerge between a nurse and
client, client’s home, in the hospital.
Second - Goal directed characteristic of one to one
relationship focuses the energies of the nurse and client.
Third - It is the mutual collaboration with equal emphasis on mutual and
collaboration basic to this concept
9. GOALS OF THE THERAPEUTIC NURSE
CLIENT RELATIONSHIP
Travelbee joyce, in intervention in nursing care, has been discussed nine goals of one
to one relationship. They are:
The nurse helps the client to cope with the present problems.
The nurse the client to understand his problem.
The nurse the client to understand his active participation in an experience.
The nurse assists the Client realistically.
The nurse helps the client to find out a new alternative for his or her problem
The nurse the client to try out new patterns of behavior
The nurse helps the client to communicate.
The nurse helps the client to socialize
The nurse helps the client to find a meaning in his illness
10. CONDITIONS ESSENTIAL TO DEVOLOPMENT OF A
THERAPEUTIC NURSE CLIENT RELATIONSHIP
N-P-R
RAPPORT
(IPR)
TRUST
EMPATHY
RESPECT
11. PHASES OF NURSE CLIENT
RELATIONSHIP
Nurse client relationship is the
end result of a series of planned
purposeful interactions between
nurse and client.
It can be described in four phase-
13. Preorientation/Preinteraction Phase
– Definition:
This is a phase in which a nurse goes through before the
actual interaction with the client.
This phase begins when the nurse is assigned a client to
develop therapeutic relationship with him, till she goes to
him for interaction.
14. TASKS
Before meeting the client:
Explores own feelings and fears
Analyze own professional strengths and
limitations
Gather data about client wherever
possible
Plan for first meeting with client or
Set the objectives for interaction phase
Takes help of the clinical supervisor or co-
worker to overcome fears.
Review available data, including the
medical and nursing history.
Talk to other caregivers who have
information about the client.
Anticipate health concerns or issues that
arise.
Identify a location and setting that will
foster comfortable, private interaction.
Plan enough time for the initial
interaction.
15. Orientation Phase
– Definition:
This is a phase which begins when the nurse goes to the client, introduces self and gets
introduction about him.
– The nurse and client who are strangers meet for the first time and become
acquaintances.
– This ends when the client and nurse accept each other as a unique human being.
– One of the nurse’s primary concerns is to find out the client sought help. This forms
basis for the nursing assessment and helps the nurse to focus on the client’s problem
and to determine client’s level of motivation.
16. TASKS
Establishment of contact, rapport, trust and
acceptance
Establish communication, assist in the verbal
expression of thoughts and feelings
Gather data, including the client’s feelings,
strengths and weaknesses
Define client’s problems, set priorities for
nursing intervention
When the nurse and client meet and get to
know one another:
Set the tone for the relationship by adopting
a warm, empathetic, caring manner
Recognize that the initial relationship is often
superficial, uncertain, and tentative
Closely observe the client, and expect to be
closely observed by the client
Begin to make inferences and form
judgments about client messages and
behaviours
Assess the client's health status
Prioritize the client's problems, and identify
the client's goals
Clarify the clients and nurse's roles
Form contracts with the client that specify
who will do what
Let the client know when to expect the
relationship to be terminated
17. Working Phase
– Working phase or phase of emerging identities of the nurse-client relationship starts when
the nurse and the client are able to overcome the barrier of orientation or introductory
(period) phase.
– During this phase the nurse and client actively work on meeting the goals which they had
established during the orientation phase. The characteristic features of this phase are that
the nurse is able to overcome anxiety and the client’s fear of unknown is also decreased.
18. When the nurse and client work together to solve
problems and accomplish goals:
The nurse collects the data in detail from primary
and secondary sources and identifies the needs of
the client
The nurse assists the client to identify his or her
problems, share feelings and get socialize
Help the client to communicate
Encourage and help the client to express feelings
about his or her health
Provide information needed to understand and
change behavior
Encourage and help the client to set goals
Take action to meet the goals set with the client
Use therapeutic communication skills to facilitate
successful interactions
Use appropriate self-disclosure and confrontation
The nurse helps the client to find an alternative
solution to his or her problem or development of
insight and use of constructive coping mechanism
The nurse helps the client to understand that he
has a significant role in his treatment
She prepares the client for termination of
relationship by reminding him during the
interviews
Provide him with opportunities for independent
functioning
Evaluate problems and goals, refine as necessary
19. Termination Phase
It is also called as resolution phase or end phase.
Goal: To bring a therapeutic end to the relationship.
20. TASKS
During the ending of the relationship:
Remind the client that termination
is near
Evaluate goal achievement with the
client
Separate from the client by
relinquishing responsibility for his or
her care
Achieve a smooth transition for the
client to other caregivers as needed
Establish reality of separation
Mutually, explore feelings of
rejection, loss, sadness, anger and
related behavior, if attached
Review progress of therapy and
attainment of goals
Formulate plans for meetings future
therapy needs.