1) The document analyzes P-wave attenuation in underground rock structures through both analytical and numerical methods. 2) Analytical and numerical results show that any vacuum or cavity in rock mass greatly increases P-wave attenuation, while rock material with mechanical strength properties in a virtual space decreases attenuation and increases wave energy transmission. 3) Key parameters analyzed include the density and properties of virtual spaces and joints, and results show that factors like cavity thickness and density contrast have significant effects on wave attenuation.